載

See also: 载

載 U+8F09, 載 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F09 ← 輈 [U+8F08] CJK Unified Ideographs 輊 → [U+8F0A]

Translingual

Han character

載 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 十戈十田十 (JIJWJ), four-corner 4355₀, composition ⿹𢦏車)

Derived characters

• 儎, 𢶪, 𰝑, 𪳾, 𫄇, 𠥠

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1243, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38309
• Dae Jaweon: page 1719, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3526, character 10
• Unihan data for U+8F09

Chinese

trad.		載
simp.		载
alternative forms		𡕀

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (𢦏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
𢦏	*ʔslɯː
栽	*ʔslɯː, *zlɯːs
哉	*ʔslɯː
烖	*ʔslɯː
載	*ʔslɯːʔ, *ʔslɯːs, *zlɯːs
渽	*ʔsɯː
睵	*ʔsɯː, *sʰɯː
溨	*zɯː
裁	*zlɯː, *zlɯːs
酨	*l'ɯːs, *zlɯːs
蛓	*sʰles, *sʰɯs
胾	*ʔsrɯs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *ʔslɯːs, *zlɯːs): semantic 車 (“chariot”) + phonetic 𢦏 (OC *ʔslɯː).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zài (zai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chai / choi

  (Meixian, Guangdong): zoi⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): cái
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chài

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zai³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tse

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zài
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zài
    • Wade–Giles: tsai⁴
    • Yale: dzài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzay
    • Palladius: цзай (czaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/

Note: Colloquially often mispronounced zǎi in the Mainland - this is kept as standard in some words (e.g. 下載).

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zoi³
    • Yale: joi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zoi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chai / choi
    • Hakka Romanization System: zai / zoi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zai⁴ / zoi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯⁵⁵/, /t͡soi̯⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: zoi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡soɪ⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cái
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑi²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chài
    • Tâi-lô: tsài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zaix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zai³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tse
    • MiniDict: tse^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tse
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡se³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzojH

Rime
Character	載
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	昨代切
Baxter	dzojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zəiH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zəjH/
Li Rong	/d͡zᴀiH/
Wang Li	/d͡zɒiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m-ts]ˤəʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zlɯːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	載
Reading #	2/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zài
Middle Chinese	‹ dzojH ›
Old Chinese	/*[m-ts]ˁəʔ-s/
English	load on a vehicle (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	載
Reading #	3/3
No.	16499
Phonetic component	𢦏
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	載
Old Chinese	/*zlɯːs/

Definitions

載

1. to ride; to travel (by); to take
2. to carry; to hold; to be loaded with; to transport; to deliver; to escort; to accompany (to a certain place)

   載人航天／载人航天  ―  zàirénhángtiān  ―  human spaceflight

   你可以載我去火車站嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
   你可以载我去火车站吗？ [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ kěyǐ zài wǒ qù huǒchēzhàn ma? [Pinyin]

   Can you drive me to the train station?

3. to bear (the weight of); to support; to hold up; to uphold; to sustain

   • 水則載舟，水則覆舟。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     水则载舟，水则覆舟。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Shuǐ zé zài zhōu, shuǐ zé fù zhōu. [Pinyin]

     Water supports the boat, and also overturns it.

4. to be charged with; to assume (responsibility)
5. to put into force; to come into effect
6. to set out; to display
7. to be in a certain condition
8. to offer sacrifices to gods or ancestors
9. to begin; to start
10. to decorate; to deck out
11. (in the form of 載…載…) Indicating simultaneous, interspersed, or continually repeated actions.

    載歌載舞／载歌载舞  ―  zàigēzàiwǔ  ―  to sing and dance

12. as well as; also
13. to be full of; to fill (the road); to be all over
14. (colloquial) short for 下載 (“to download”)

    先去載個軟件。／先去载个软件。  ―  Xiān qù zǎi ge ruǎnjiàn.  ―  Download the software first.

15. vehicle; car; ship
16. things loaded; loads
17. affair; cause; undertaking
18. Classifier for amount loaded by one chariot.
19. (Eastern Min) would rather; rather

Compounds

• 倒載干戈
• 厚德載物 / 厚德载物 (hòudézàiwù)
• 厚德載福 / 厚德载福
• 厚載 / 厚载
• 口碑載道 / 口碑载道
• 地無不載 / 地无不载
• 大車以載 / 大车以载
• 天地蓋載 / 天地盖载
• 天覆地載 / 天覆地载
• 巔峰負載 / 巅峰负载
• 干戈載戢
• 怨聲載路 / 怨声载路
• 怨聲載道 / 怨声载道 (yuànshēngzàidào)
• 承載 / 承载
• 搭載 / 搭载 (dāzài)
• 攬載 / 揽载
• 文以載道 / 文以载道 (wényǐzàidào)
• 斗量車載 / 斗量车载
• 明仔載 / 明仔载 (bîn-á-chài)
• 滿載 / 满载 (mǎnzài)
• 滿載而歸 / 满载而归 (mǎnzài'érguī)
• 稛載 / 稛载
• 裝載 / 装载 (zhuāngzài)
• 覆舟載舟 / 覆舟载舟
• 覆載 / 覆载
• 該載 / 该载
• 負載 / 负载 (fùzài)
• 負載開關 / 负载开关
• 超載 / 超载 (chāozài)
• 車載斗量 / 车载斗量 (chēzàidǒuliàng)
• 載客 / 载客 (zàikè)
• 載客量 / 载客量
• 載機 / 载机
• 載歌且舞 / 载歌且舞
• 載歌載舞 / 载歌载舞 (zàigēzàiwǔ)
• 載沉載浮 / 载沉载浮
• 載波 / 载波 (zàibō)
• 載福 / 载福
• 載笑載言 / 载笑载言
• 載舟覆舟 / 载舟覆舟
• 載芟 / 载芟
• 載荷 / 载荷 (zàihè)
• 載見 / 载见
• 載譽 / 载誉
• 載貨 / 载货 (zàihuò)
• 載道 / 载道 (zàidào)
• 載運 / 载运
• 載道怨聲 / 载道怨声
• 載酒 / 载酒
• 載酒問字 / 载酒问字
• 載重 / 载重 (zàizhòng)
• 載重量 / 载重量 (zàizhòngliàng)
• 載馳 / 载驰
• 載馳載驅 / 载驰载驱
• 載驅 / 载驱
• 載體 / 载体
• 輦載 / 辇载
• 過載 / 过载 (guòzài)
• 運載 / 运载 (yùnzài)
• 頌聲載道 / 颂声载道
• 餓莩載道 / 饿莩载道

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zǎi, zài

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˇ, ㄗㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chai
• Eastern Min (BUC): cái
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chài

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zai³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tse

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zǎi
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zǎi
    • Wade–Giles: tsai³
    • Yale: dzǎi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzae
    • Palladius: цзай (czaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zài
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zài
    • Wade–Giles: tsai⁴
    • Yale: dzài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzay
    • Palladius: цзай (czaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zoi³
    • Yale: joi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zoi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chai
    • Hakka Romanization System: zai
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zai⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cái
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑi²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chài
    • Tâi-lô: tsài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zaix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zai³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tse
    • MiniDict: tse^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tse
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡se³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsojH

Rime
Character	載
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	作代切
Baxter	tsojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səiH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səjH/
Li Rong	/t͡sᴀiH/
Wang Li	/t͡sɒiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoi3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤə[ʔ]-s/, /*[ts]ˤəʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	載	載
Reading #	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zài	zài
Middle Chinese	‹ tsojH ›	‹ tsojH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁə[ʔ]-s/	/*[ts]ˁəʔ-s/
English	record (v.)	be conveyed in a vehicle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	載
Reading #	2/3
No.	16493
Phonetic component	𢦏
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	載
Old Chinese	/*ʔslɯːs/

Definitions

載

1. to record; to put down in writing (i.e. “to be conveyed”)
2. to describe; to depict

Compounds

• 侔德覆載 / 侔德覆载
• 刊載 / 刊载 (kānzǎi)
• 前載 / 前载
• 報載 / 报载
• 登載 / 登载 (dēngzǎi)
• 記載 / 记载 (jìzǎi)
• 載明 / 载明
• 載書 / 载书 (zàishū)
• 載籍 / 载籍
• 載記 / 载记
• 轉載 / 转载
• 轉載稿 / 转载稿
• 連載 / 连载 (liánzǎi)
• 長篇連載 / 长篇连载
• 附載 / 附载

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zǎi (zai³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chái
• Eastern Min (BUC): cāi
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): cháiⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zai²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tse

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zǎi
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zǎi
    • Wade–Giles: tsai³
    • Yale: dzǎi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzae
    • Palladius: цзай (czaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zoi²
    • Yale: jói
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: zoi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːi̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chái
    • Hakka Romanization System: zai^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zai³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cāi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsáinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zvae
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sãi⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sãi⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sãi⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sãi⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sãi⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zai²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsái
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tse
    • MiniDict: tse^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tse
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡se³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsojX

Rime
Character	載
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	作亥切
Baxter	tsojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʌiX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səiX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɒiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səjX/
Li Rong	/t͡sᴀiX/
Wang Li	/t͡sɒiX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sɑ̆iX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zǎi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	載
Reading #	1/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ tsojX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁəʔ/
English	year
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	載
Reading #	1/3
No.	16492
Phonetic component	𢦏
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	宰
Old Chinese	/*ʔslɯːʔ/

Definitions

載

1. Classifier for years.
2. (numeral) hundred tredecillion (10⁴⁴)

Compounds

• 一年半載 / 一年半载 (yīniánbànzǎi)
• 三年五載 / 三年五载 (sānniánwǔzǎi)
• 億載金城 / 亿载金城
• 十年八載 / 十年八载 (shíniánbāzǎi)
• 十載寒窗 / 十载寒窗
• 千年萬載 / 千年万载
• 千載 / 千载 (qiānzǎi)
• 千載一合 / 千载一合
• 千載一時 / 千载一时
• 千載一會 / 千载一会
• 千載一逢 / 千载一逢
• 千載一遇 / 千载一遇 (qiānzǎiyīyù)
• 千載揚名 / 千载扬名
• 千載獨步 / 千载独步
• 千載難逢 / 千载难逢 (qiānzǎinánféng)
• 萬載千秋 / 万载千秋 (wànzǎiqiānqiū)
• 遺臭萬載 / 遗臭万载

See also

Chinese numerals
104	108	1012	1016	1020	1024	1028	1032	1036	1040	1044	1048
萬／万 (wàn)	億／亿 (yì)	兆 (zhào) (Taiwan)	京 (jīng) (Taiwan)	垓 (gāi)	秭 (zǐ)	穰 (ráng)	溝／沟 (gōu)	澗／涧 (jiàn)	正 (zhèng)	載／载 (zài)	極／极 (jí)
		萬億／万亿 (wànyì) (Mainland China)	億億/亿亿 (Mainland China)

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 載

載

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)、ざい (zai)
• Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
• Kun: のる (noru, 載る, Jōyō)、のせる (noseru, 載せる, Jōyō)、のす (nosu, 載す)、しるす (shirusu, 載す)

Number

載(さい) • (sai) 

1. a hundred-tredecillion (10⁴⁴)

Korean

Hanja

載 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae, Yale cay)

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Vietnamese

Han character

載: Hán Nôm readings: tải

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.