霞

霞 U+971E, 霞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-971E ← 霝 [U+971D] CJK Unified Ideographs 霟 → [U+971F]

Translingual

Han character

霞 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一月口尸水 (MBRSE), four-corner 1024₇, composition ⿱⻗叚)

Derived characters

• 𪝺, 𡄟, 𡤕, 𪸀, 𨙉, 𣌊, 𤫑, 𬘐, 𧕖, 𧄁

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1376, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42365
• Dae Jaweon: page 1885, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4071, character 16
• Unihan data for U+971E

Chinese

trad.		霞
simp. #		霞
2nd round simp.		⿱⿻丅⿵冂⿰丶丶下
alternative forms		雫 alt. 2nd round simp.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 霞
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (叚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
葭	*kraː
麚	*kraː
瘕	*kraː, *kraːʔ
豭	*kraː
貑	*kraː
猳	*kraː
犌	*kraː
假	*kraːʔ, *kraːs
嘏	*kraːʔ
婽	*kraːʔ
椵	*kraːʔ
叚	*kraːʔ
蝦	*qʰraː, *ɡraː
煆	*qʰraː, *qʰraːs
霞	*ɡraː
遐	*ɡraː
瑕	*ɡraː
鰕	*ɡraː
碬	*ɡraː
蕸	*ɡraː
赮	*ɡraː
鍜	*ɡraː
騢	*ɡraː
暇	*ɡraːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡraː): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ).

Etymology 1

Same word as 赮 (OC *ɡraː, “red”), 瑕 (OC *ɡraː, “jade with some red”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xiá (xia²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xia²

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): xiá

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haa⁴

• Gan (Wiktionary): ha²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hà

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ha²

• Eastern Min (BUC): hà
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ha² / hor² / gor²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hâ / hêe / hê

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hia⁵

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹ia / ¹io / ²ya
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xia²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiá
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siá
    • Wade–Giles: hsia²
    • Yale: syá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shya
    • Palladius: ся (sja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xia²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xia
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕia²¹/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: xiá
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): xia²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕia²⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: haa⁴
    • Yale: hàh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haa⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ha⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haː²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: ha²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ha²⁴/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hà
    • Hakka Romanization System: ha^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ha²
    • Sinological IPA: /ha¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ha²
    • Sinological IPA: /ha¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hà
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ha⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ha²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: há
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ha¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ha²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ha²⁴/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hor²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hó̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hor²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒ²⁴/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gor²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gó̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gor²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒ²⁴/

Note:

• ha2 - literary;
• hor2, gor2 - vernacular.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâ
    • Tâi-lô: hâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haa
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /ha²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêe
    • Tâi-lô: hêe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hê
    • Tâi-lô: hê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hee
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /he²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /he²³/
Note:
• hâ - literary;
• hê - vernacular (used in 紅霞 / 红霞, variant in 雲霞 / 云霞, see also 流霞).
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hia⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiâ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hia⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹ia
    • MiniDict: ia^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ia
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ia⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /iɑ⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹io
    • MiniDict: io^平
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /io⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ²ya
    • MiniDict: ya^平
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦiɑ²³/
Note:
• 1ia - colloquial (Suzhou);
• 1io - literary (Suzhou).
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: xia²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯a̠¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: hae

Rime
Character	霞
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡加切
Baxter	hae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨ/
Li Rong	/ɣa/
Wang Li	/ɣa/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haa4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	霞
Reading #	1/1
No.	5965
Phonetic component	叚
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	遐
Old Chinese	/*ɡraː/

Definitions

霞

1. the light and clouds at sunrise and sunset; mist; rosy clouds
2. colorful; rosy
3. alternative form of 遐 (xiá)
4. a surname, Xia

Compounds

• 丹霞 (dānxiá)
• 仙霞嶺 / 仙霞岭
• 堅臥煙霞 / 坚卧烟霞
• 奎霞 (Kuíxiá)
• 彤霞
• 彩霞 (cǎixiá)
• 早霞 (zǎoxiá)
• 晚霞 (wǎnxiá)
• 服氣餐霞 / 服气餐霞
• 服露餐霞
• 朝霞 (zhāoxiá)
• 棲霞 / 栖霞 (Qīxiá)
• 流霞 (liúxiá)
• 煙霞 / 烟霞 (yānxiá)
• 煙霞外人 / 烟霞外人
• 煙霞痼疾 / 烟霞痼疾
• 煙霞癖 / 烟霞癖
• 紅霞 / 红霞 (hóngxiá)
• 落霞 (luòxiá)
• 雲蒸霞蔚 / 云蒸霞蔚
• 雲興霞蔚 / 云兴霞蔚
• 雲霞 / 云霞 (yúnxiá)
• 霞光 (xiáguāng)
• 霞光豔豔 / 霞光艳艳
• 霞帔
• 霞浦 (Xiápǔ, “Xiapu”)
• 霞石 (xiáshí)
• 霞表
• 霞頭 / 霞头
• 飛霞 / 飞霞
• 飛霞妝 / 飞霞妆
• 飲流霞 / 饮流霞
• 餐霞
• 餐霞人
• 餘霞成綺 / 余霞成绮
• 鳳冠霞帔 / 凤冠霞帔

Etymology 2

Beautified form (雅化) of 下. Compare 廈 / 厦 in 廈門 / 厦门.

Pronunciation

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): or⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ě / ē / ēe

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• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: or⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɒ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: or⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɒ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ě
    • Tâi-lô: ě
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /e²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ē
    • Tâi-lô: ē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: e
    • IPA (Xiamen): /e²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ēe
    • Tâi-lô: ēe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɛ²²/

Definitions

霞

1. (Hokkien, Puxian Min) (used in place names)

   霞美 [Hokkien]  ―  Ě-bér [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  (county in Nan'an)

   霞美 [Hokkien]  ―  Ēe-bóe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  (county in Zhangpu)

   霞林 [Puxian Min]  ―  or5 ling2 [Pouseng Ping'ing]  ―  (subdistrict in Putian)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): or²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ê / êe

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• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: or²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ó̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɒ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: or²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɒ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ê
    • Tâi-lô: ê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ee
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /e²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: êe
    • Tâi-lô: êe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɛ¹³/

Definitions

霞

1. (Hokkien, Puxian Min) (used in place names)

   霞葛 [Hokkien]  ―  Êe-koah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  (county in Zhao'an)

   霞洲 [Hokkien]  ―  Ê-chiu [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  (village in Quanzhou)

   霞苑 [Puxian Min]  ―  (village in Xianyou)

   霞溪 [Puxian Min]  ―  or2 ke1 [Pouseng Ping'ing]  ―  (former village in Putian)

References

• “霞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–