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假
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
假 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人口卜水 (ORYE), four-corner 27247, composition ⿰亻叚)
Derived characters
- 𠽙, 𪝪, 𫖄, 𦹜, 𣘟
Related characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 110, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 835
- Dae Jaweon: page 233, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 196, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5047
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ).
Etymology 1
- “to borrow; false”
- The sense evolved in the following manner: "to borrow" > "simulate" > "deception; false".
- Cognate with Tibetan ཀར་སྐྱིན (kar skyin, “loan; thing borrowed”). An allofam is probably 雇 (OC *kʷaːs, *ɡʷaːʔ, “to hire”) (Schuessler, 2007).
- Compare also perhaps Burmese ကြွေး (krwe:, “debt”) (STEDT).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ga3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jia2
- Northern Min (KCR): gǎ
- Eastern Min (BUC): gā
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ka; 5cia
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jia3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎ
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎ
- Wade–Giles: chia3
- Yale: jyǎ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jea
- Palladius: цзя (czja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaa2
- Yale: gá
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaa2
- Guangdong Romanization: ga2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ga2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ga3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ká
- Hakka Romanization System: gaˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ga3
- Sinological IPA: /ka³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jia2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕia⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǎ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gā
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- ké/kée - vernacular;
- ká - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gê2 / gia2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ké / kiá
- Sinological IPA (key): /ke⁵²/, /kia⁵²/
- (Teochew)
- gê2 - vernacular;
- gia2 - literary.
- ge2 - vernacular;
- gia3 - literary.
Note:
Note:
- Middle Chinese: kaeX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.kˤraʔ/, /*kˤraʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kraːʔ/
Definitions
假
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to lend; to borrow; to loan
- (literary) to lease; to rent
- (literary) to give, provide, grant
- (literary) to forgive; to condone; to absolve
- (historical, politics) acting
- (historical, politics) to delegate an acting position to
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to make use of; to depend on
- to disguise; to fake; to pretend
- forged; artificial; false
- falsehood; deception
- 真假 ― zhēnjiǎ ― real and fake; authenticity
- 假作真時真亦假，無為有處有還無。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18th century CE
- Jiǎ zuò zhēn shí zhēn yì jiǎ, wú wéi yǒu chù yǒu huán wú. [Pinyin]
- When falsehood stands for truth, truth likewise becomes false[hood]; where naught be made to aught, aught changes into naught.
假作真时真亦假，无为有处有还无。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) for the time being; temporarily
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) if; assuming
- a surname
- (historical) the name of a state
- obsolete form of 嘏 (“great, grand; blessing, happiness”)
- obsolete form of 瘕 (jiǎ, “abdominal disease”)
Compounds
- 不假
- 不假思索 (bùjiǎsīsuǒ)
- 不假辭色 / 不假辞色
- 久假不歸 / 久假不归 (jiǔjiǎbùguī)
- 以假為真 / 以假为真
- 作假 (zuòjiǎ)
- 便假若
- 假仁假義 / 假仁假义 (jiǎrénjiǎyì)
- 假仙
- 假以辭色 / 假以辞色
- 假以顏色 / 假以颜色
- 假似
- 假使 (jiǎshǐ)
- 假借 (jiǎjiè)
- 假借義 / 假借义
- 假充
- 假公濟私 / 假公济私 (jiǎgōngjìsī)
- 假冒 (jiǎmào)
- 假分數 / 假分数 (jiǎfēnshù)
- 假力
- 假力於人 / 假力于人
- 假名 (jiǎmíng)
- 假唱 (jiǎchàng)
- 假嗓子
- 假執行 / 假执行
- 假女
- 假如 (jiǎrú)
- 假子
- 假定 (jiǎdìng)
- 假寓
- 假寐 (jiǎmèi)
- 假寵 / 假宠
- 假對 / 假对
- 假局子
- 假山 (jiǎshān)
- 假平等
- 假座
- 假廝兒 / 假厮儿
- 假性 (jiǎxìng)
- 假息
- 假想 (jiǎxiǎng)
- 假意 (jiǎyì)
- 假惺惺 (jiǎxīngxīng)
- 假想敵 / 假想敌 (jiǎxiǎngdí)
- 假戲真做 / 假戏真做 (jiǎxìzhēnzuò)
- 假手
- 假托 (jiǎtuō)
- 假扣押 (jiǎ kòuyā)
- 假扮 (jiǎbàn)
- 假批子
- 假招子
- 假捏
- 假掰 (gēibāi)
- 假撇清
- 假果
- 假根
- 假榻
- 假正經 / 假正经 (jiǎzhèngjing)
- 假死 (jiǎsǐ)
- 假決議 / 假决议
- 假洋鬼子
- 假父
- 假牙 (jiǎyá)
- 假稱 / 假称 (jiǎchēng)
- 假節 / 假节
- 假聲 / 假声 (jiǎshēng)
- 假若 (jiǎruò)
- 假葉 / 假叶
- 假藉 / 假借
- 假處分 / 假处分
- 假裝 / 假装 (jiǎzhuāng)
- 假言命題 / 假言命题
- 假設 / 假设 (jiǎshè)
- 假話 / 假话 (jiǎhuà)
- 假象 (jiǎxiàng)
- 假貨 / 假货 (jiǎhuò)
- 假貸 / 假贷
- 假造 (jiǎzào)
- 假途滅虢 / 假途灭虢
- 假道 (jiǎdào)
- 假道學 / 假道学
- 假釋 / 假释 (jiǎshì)
- 假鈔 / 假钞 (jiǎchāo)
- 假面 (jiǎmiàn)
- 假面具 (jiǎmiànjù)
- 假面劇 / 假面剧 (jiǎmiànjù)
- 假食
- 假館 / 假馆
- 假饒 / 假饶
- 假髮 / 假发 (jiǎfà)
- 優假 / 优假
- 喬文假醋 / 乔文假醋
- 因公假私
- 天假之年
- 天假因緣 / 天假因缘
- 天假良緣 / 天假良缘
- 寬假 / 宽假
- 將假作真 / 将假作真
- 將假當真 / 将假当真
- 弄假成真 (nòngjiǎchéngzhēn)
- 弄虛作假 / 弄虚作假 (nòngxūzuòjiǎ)
- 強文假醋 / 强文假醋
- 打假球 (dǎjiǎqiú)
- 搬假戲 / 搬假戏
- 摻假 / 掺假 (chānjiǎ)
- 撇假
- 攙假 / 搀假 (chānjiǎ)
- 枵鬼假細膩 / 枵鬼假细腻 (iau-kúi ké sè-jī) (Min Nan)
- 狐假虎威 (hújiǎhǔwēi)
- 狐假鴟張 / 狐假鸱张
- 理論假設 / 理论假设
- 當真假 / 当真假
- 真假 (zhēnjiǎ)
- 真真假假 (zhēnzhēnjiǎjiǎ)
- 糊假棺
- 虎威狐假
- 虛假 / 虚假 (xūjiǎ)
- 虛情假意 / 虚情假意
- 衿假
- 袂博假博 (bē-phok-ké-phok) (Min Nan)
- 裝假 / 装假 (zhuāngjiǎ)
- 言真道假
- 調假 / 调假
- 通假 (tōngjiǎ)
- 造假 (zàojiǎ)
- 酸文假醋
- 附會假借 / 附会假借
Descendants
- → Lingao: ke¹ (via Hainanese)
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ga3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jia3
- Northern Min (KCR): gǎ
- Eastern Min (BUC): gá
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ka
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jia3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jià
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jià
- Wade–Giles: chia4
- Yale: jyà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiah
- Palladius: цзя (czja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jia3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gia
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕia⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaa3
- Yale: ga
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaa3
- Guangdong Romanization: ga3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaː³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ga2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ga3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ká / ka
- Hakka Romanization System: gaˋ / ga
- Hagfa Pinyim: ga3 / ga4
- Sinological IPA: /ka³¹/, /ka⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jia3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕia⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǎ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gá
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɑ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
- kè - vernacular;
- kà - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gê3 / gia2 / gian2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kè / kiá / kiáⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ke²¹³/, /kia⁵²/, /kĩã⁵²/
- (Teochew)
- gê3 - vernacular;
- gia2/gian2 - literary.
- ge3 - vernacular;
- gia3 - literary.
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: kaeH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kraːs/
Definitions
假
Compounds
- 不假外出
- 乞假 (qǐjià)
- 予假 (yǔjià)
- 事假 (shìjià)
- 休假 (xiūjià)
- 例假 (lìjià)
- 假日 (jiàrì)
- 假期 (jiàqī)
- 假樂 / 假乐
- 公假
- 准假 (zhǔnjià)
- 參假 / 参假 (cānjià)
- 告假 (gàojià)
- 告謊假 / 告谎假
- 寒假 (hánjià)
- 年假 (niánjià)
- 放假 (fàngjià)
- 春假 (chūnjià)
- 暑假 (shǔjià)
- 求假
- 渡假 (dùjià)
- 無薪假 / 无薪假 (wúxīnjià)
- 產假 / 产假 (chǎnjià)
- 病假 (bìngjià)
- 節假 / 节假
- 給假 / 给假
- 續假 / 续假 (xùjià)
- 補假 / 补假 (bǔjià)
- 請假 / 请假 (qǐngjià)
- 賜假 / 赐假
- 銷假 / 销假 (xiāojià)
- 長假 / 长假 (chángjià)
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xià
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sià
- Wade–Giles: hsia4
- Yale: syà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiah
- Palladius: ся (sja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
假
Compounds
- 假樂 / 假乐
Etymology 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of 假 – see 格 (“to arrive”). (This character is an obsolete form of 格). |
Compounds
Etymology 4
| For pronunciation and definitions of 假 – see 遐 (“far, distant”). (This character is an obsolete form of 遐). |
Etymology 5
| For pronunciation and definitions of 假 – see 瑕 (“jade with some red; flaw on a piece of jade; etc.”). (This character is an obsolete form of 瑕). |
Etymology 6
| For pronunciation and definitions of 假 – see 價 (“meaningless modal particle”). (This character is a variant form of 價). |
References
- “假”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “假”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00203
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Japanese
| 仮 | |
| 假 |
Kanji
假
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 仮)
Readings
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 假 (MC kaeX).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [가(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Compounds
Compounds
- 가가 (假家, gaga)
- 가골 (假骨, gagol)
- 가과 (假果, gagwa)
- 가관 (假官, gagwan)
- 가교 (假橋, gagyo)
- 가구 (假構, gagu)
- 가대 (假貸, gadae)
- 가도 (假道, gado)
- 가량 (假量, garyang)
- 가령 (假令, garyeong)
- 가면 (假面, gamyeon)
- 가명 (假名, gamyeong)
- 가발 (假髮, gabal)
- 가분 (假扮, gabun)
- 가불 (假拂, gabul)
- 가상 (假象, gasang)
- 가상 (假想, gasang)
- 가상 (假像, gasang)
- 가설 (假設, gaseol)
- 가설 (假說, gaseol)
- 가성 (假性, gaseong)
- 가수 (假數, gasu)
- 가식 (假飾, gasik)
- 가장 (假裝, gajang)
- 가정 (假定, gajeong)
- 가족 (假足, gajok)
- 가차 (假借, gacha)
- 가칭 (假稱, gaching)
- 가함 (假銜, gaham)
- 진가 (眞假, jin'ga)
- 가건물 (假建物, gageonmul)
- 가결의 (假決議, gagyeorui)
- 가계정 (假計定, gagyejeong)
- 가면극 (假面劇, gamyeon'geuk)
- 가상적 (假想敵, gasangjeok)
- 가석방 (假釋放, gaseokbang)
- 가수요 (假需要, gasuyo)
- 가압류 (假押留, gaamnyu)
- 가정법 (假定法, gajeongbeop)
- 가정적 (假定的, gajeongjeok)
- 가종피 (假種皮, gajongpi)
- 가처분 (假處分, gacheobun)
- 가감역관 (假監役官, gagamyeokgwan)
- 가도멸괵 (假道滅㶁, gadomyeolgoek)
- 가롱성진 (假弄成眞, garongseongjin)
- 가언판단 (假言判斷, ga'eonpandan)
- 가호위호 (假虎威狐, gahowiho)
- 농가성진 (弄假成眞, nonggaseongjin)
- 호가호위 (狐假虎威, hogahowi)
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 假 / 遐 (MC hae).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [하]
Hanja
Etymology 3
From Middle Chinese 假 / 格 (MC kak|kaek).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kjʌ̹k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [격]
Hanja
References
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Tày
Adjective
假 (transliteration needed)
Vietnamese
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