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-zik

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: zik

Hungarian

Etymology

From -z + -ik.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-zik

  1. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb.
    főzőcske (cooking) + -zikfőzőcskézik (to cook)
    hullám (wave) + -zikhullámzik (to wave, ripple)
    1. to play the (when the base word is a musical instrument; exception: hegedül (to play the violin))
      zongora (piano) + -zikzongorázik (to play the piano)
    2. to play (with) (when the base word is a toy or a game)
      kártya (cards) + -zikkártyázik (to play cards)
      fogócska (tag) + -zikfogócskázik (to play tag (a children's chasing game))
      baba (doll) + -zikbabázik (to play with dolls)
    3. to play some sports (when the base word is a sports equipment)
      korcsolya (skate) + -zikkorcsolyázik (to skate)
      vitorla (sail) + -zikvitorlázik (to sail)
    4. to ride/travel on something (when the base word is a vehicle or a means of transportation)
      bicikli (bicycle) + -zikbiciklizik (to bicycle, to ride a bicycle)
    5. to consume, eat, drink (when the base word is food or drink)
      kávé (coffee) + -zikkávézik (to drink coffee)

Usage notes

  • (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
    -zik is generally added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -azik is added to some back-vowel words
    -ázik is added only to a couple of words
    csónak (boat) + -ázikcsónakázik (to boat, go boating)
    -ozik is added to most back-vowel words
    -ezik is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words
    -özik is added to most rounded front-vowel words
  • The following subvariants can be found only in a few verbs. They usually freely alternate with the above main variants, although some of the verbs developed a difference in meaning. E.g. hibázik (to make a mistake) vs. hibádzik (to be amiss <denoting something faulty or missing>)
    -dzik is added to words ending in a vowel
    bimbó (bud) + -dzikbimbódzik (to form buds)
    gyűrű (ring) + -dzikgyűrűdzik (to form rings, to ripple)
    -adzik is added to back-vowel words
    nyál (saliva) + -adziknyáladzik (to slobber)
    -edzik is added to unrounded front-vowel words
    gyökér (root) + -edzikgyökeredzik (to be rooted)
    -ödzik is added to one rounded front-vowel word
    bőr (skin) + -ödzikbőrödzik (to develop a thin layer of skin on a surface)
  • Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -z/-oz/-az/-ez/-öz/-áz or -l/-ol/-al/-el/-öl/-ál.

Derived terms

See also

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