iro

See also: Appendix:Variations of "iro"

Translingual

Symbol

iro

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for Iroquoian languages.

Afar

Etymology

Cognates include Saho iró.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iˈro/ [ʔɪˈɾɔ]
• Hyphenation: i‧ro

Adverb

iró

1. high

Noun

iró f (plural iroorá f)

1. outside
2. height, altitude

Declension

Declension of iró
absolutive	iró
predicative	iró
subjective	iró
genitive	iró
Postpositioned forms l-case iról k-case irók t-case irót h-case iróh

References

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “iro”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004), Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 38
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015), L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Asi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qiduq.

Noun

irò

1. dog

Cebuano

Etymology

From older ido, from Proto-Bisayan *qiduq, from Proto-Philippine *qiduq.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʔiɾoʔ/ [ˈʔi.ɾ̪oʔ]

• Hyphenation: i‧ro

Noun

irò (Badlit spelling ᜁᜇᜓ)

1. dog

   Synonym: ayam

2. ablutophobic person
3. despicable person
4. dog meat

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:iro.

Esperanto

Etymology

From iri (“to go”) +‎ -o.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈiro/
• Rhymes: -iro
• Hyphenation: ir‧o

Noun

iro (accusative singular iron, plural iroj, accusative plural irojn)

1. trip, course, run, going

Igbo

Etymology

(root word: ro)

Noun

iro

1. tale, folktale (Ọnịcha: irò)
2. enemy, (Achala/Anam: irō), hatred (Ọnịcha: író)
3. an expanse or space (central Igbo: ìro)
4. outside (central Igbo: ìro)

Further reading

• Michael J. C. Echeruo (2001), “iro”, in Igbo-English Dictionary: A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Igbo Language with an English-Igbo Index, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria: Longman Nigeria Plc, →ISBN, page 73

Japanese

Romanization

iro

1. Rōmaji transcription of いろ

Kari'na

Etymology

From Proto-Cariban *irô (inanimate anaphoric demonstrative pronoun); compare Apalaí yro, Trió irë, Wayana ilë, Hixkaryana àro, Waiwai ero, Ye'kwana iyö.

Pronunciation

• (Venezuela) IPA^(key): [ijjo]
• (West Suriname) IPA^(key): [iːdʝo]
• (East Suriname) IPA^(key): [iːɾo]

Pronoun

iro

1. the inanimate singular anaphoric demonstrative pronoun; this (aforementioned), this that was just spoken of

Inflection

Kari'na demonstratives

category		inanimate pronoun		animate pronoun
		singular	plural	singular	plural
proximal	visible	ero	erokon	mose	mòsaro(n), mojan, mòsékonV
	invisible	eny	enykon
medial		—	—	mòko	mòkaro(n)
distal	visible	moro	morokon	moky	mòkan, mókykonV
	invisible	mony	monykon
anaphoric		iro	irokon	inoro	inaro(n), inorokonV

^V Venezuelan dialect.

Derived terms

• irokon
• irompo

References

• Courtz, Hendrik (2008), A Carib grammar and dictionary‎, Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, pages 53, 55, 277
• Meira, Sérgio (2002), “A first comparison of pronominal and demonstrative systems in the Cariban language family”, in Mily Crevels, Simon van de Kerke, Sergio Meira and Hein van der Voort, editors, Current Studies on South American Languages‎, Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and American Studies (CNWS), Leiden University, →ISBN, pages 255–275
• Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931), “iďo”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 179; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes‎, Paris, 1956, page 173
• Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931), “iŕo, iŕonembo, iŕoneme”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 184; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes‎, Paris, 1956, page 178
• Yamada, Racquel-María (2010), “iro”, in Speech community-based documentation, description, and revitalization: Kari’nja in Konomerume‎, University of Oregon, pages 739, 940

Maori

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulej, (compare Indonesian ulat (“caterpillar”), Malay ulat (“worm, maggot”), Fijian ulo, Chamorro ulo').

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈiro/, [ˈiɾɔ]

Noun

iro (used in a reduplicated form as iroiro)

1. maggot

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

• ira, iru, ire

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hiz.

Pronoun

(h)iro

1. her

Declension

Old Saxon personal pronouns

			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	1st person		ik	mī, me, mik	mī	mīn
	2nd person		thū	thī, thik	thī	thīn
	3rd person	m	hē	ina	imu	is
		f	siu	sia	iru	ira
		n	it		it	is
dual	1st person		wit	unk		unkero, unka
	2nd person		git	ink		inker, inka
plural	1st person		wī, we	ūs, unsik	ūs	ūser
	2nd person		gī, ge	eu, iu, iuu		euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera
	3rd person	m	sia		im	iro
		f	sia
		n	siu

Portuguese

Verb

iro

1. first-person singular present indicative of irar

Spanish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈiɾo/ [ˈi.ɾo]
• Rhymes: -iɾo
• Syllabification: i‧ro

Noun

iro m (plural iros)

1. (rare) a Mohawk hairstyle

   Synonyms: cresta, mohicano

Surigaonon

Etymology

From Proto-Bisayan *qiduq, from Proto-Philippine *qiduq.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: i‧do

Noun

idô

1. dog

Welsh

Etymology

Cognate with Cornish ura.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈɪrɔ/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈiːrɔ/, /ˈɪrɔ/

Verb

iro (first-person singular present iraf)

1. to lubricate, oil
2. to anoint

Conjugation

Conjugation of iro (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	iraf	iri	ira	irwn	irwch	irant	irir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	irwn	irit	irai	irem	irech	irent	irid
preterite	irais	iraist	irodd	irasom	irasoch	irasant	irwyd
pluperfect	iraswn	irasit	irasai	irasem	irasech	irasent	irasid, iresid
present subjunctive	irwyf	irych	iro	irom	iroch	iront	irer
imperative	—	ira	ired	irwn	irwch	irent	irer
verbal noun	iro
verbal adjectives	iredig iradwy

Conjugation of iro (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	ira i, iraf i	iri di	irith o/e/hi, iriff e/hi	irwn ni	irwch chi	iran nhw
conditional	irwn i, irswn i	iret ti, irset ti	irai fo/fe/hi, irsai fo/fe/hi	iren ni, irsen ni	irech chi, irsech chi	iren nhw, irsen nhw
preterite	irais i, ires i	iraist ti, irest ti	irodd o/e/hi	iron ni	iroch chi	iron nhw
imperative	—	ira	—	—	irwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Mutated forms of iro

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
iro	unchanged	unchanged	hiro

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “iraf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yanomamö

Noun

iro

1. howler monkey, Alouatta seniculus

References

• Lizot, Jacques (2004), Diccionario enciclopédico de la lengua yãnomãmɨ‎ (in Spanish), Vicariato apostólico de Puerto Ayacucho, →ISBN

Yoruba

Alternative forms

• ùró (CY, SEY)

Etymology 1

From ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ ró (“to wrap”), probably from Proto-Yoruboid *ù-ló, compare with Igala ùló

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ì.ɾó/

Noun

ìró

1. a cloth wrapped around a woman's lower body, usually made with six yards of fabric

Derived terms

• oníròó (“one with a cloth wrapper”)

Etymology 2

From ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ ró (“to sound”)

Alternative forms

• ùró (CY, SEY)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ì.ɾó/

Noun

ìró

1. sound; noise
2. (by extension) distant news or information on someone or something

   Synonym: ìròyìn

3. (phonetics) speech sound

Derived terms

• bátànì ìró (“sound pattern”)
• gbúròó
• ìró asétán-ánnápè (“glottal stop”)
• ìró ohùn (“pitch”)
• ìró àfitán-ánnápè (“glottal sound”)
• ìró àìkùnyín-ùn (“voiceless sound”)
• ìró-akùnyín-ùn (“voiced sound; sonorant”)
• ìró-àfèjì-ètèpè (“bilabial sound”)

Related terms

• ariwo (“noise”)
• ùfófó (“noise”) (Ekiti)

Etymology 3

Compare with Olukumi úrò (“ape”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ī.ɾò/

Noun

irò

1. a general term for any species of great ape; gorilla, chimpanzee

   Synonyms: elégbèdè, ìnàkí

Related terms

• ọṣà (“chimpanzee”)
• ọ̀bọ (“monkey”)

Etymology 4

From ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ rò (“to think”), see èrò (“thought”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ì.ɾò/

Noun

ìrò

1. thinking; the process of thinking

Derived terms

• àìrò (“lack of thinking”)
• ìròkúrò (“bad thinking”)

Etymology 5

From ì- +‎ ro

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ì.ɾō/

Noun

ìro

1. meanness, cruelty

   Synonyms: ìkà, ìwàkíwà

Etymology 6

Compare with Igala ílo, proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *í-lo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ī.ɾō/

Noun

iro

1. brass bell