kanusha

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-kanusha (infinitive kukanusha)

1. Causative form of -kana:
   1. to refute, deny, rebut
   2. to refuse (to decline a request or demand)
   3. to disprove, retract
   4. to negate

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kanusha
Positive present -nakanusha Subjunctive -kanushe Negative -kanushi Imperative singular kanusha
Infinitives
Positive kukanusha Negative kutokanusha
Imperatives
Singular kanusha Plural kanusheni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukanusha Positive past positive subject concord + -likanusha Negative past negative subject concord + -kukanusha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakanusha) Singular Plural 1st person ninakanusha/nakanusha tunakanusha 2nd person unakanusha mnakanusha 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakanusha wanakanusha other classes positive subject concord + -nakanusha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kanushi) Singular Plural 1st person sikanushi hatukanushi 2nd person hukanushi hamkanushi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakanushi hawakanushi other classes negative subject concord + -kanushi
Positive future positive subject concord + -takanusha Negative future negative subject concord + -takanusha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kanushe) Singular Plural 1st person nikanushe tukanushe 2nd person ukanushe mkanushe 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akanushe wakanushe other classes positive subject concord + -kanushe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikanushe Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekanusha Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekanusha Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikanusha Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikanusha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akanusha) Singular Plural 1st person nakanusha twakanusha 2nd person wakanusha mwakanusha 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akanusha wakanusha m-mi(III/IV) wakanusha yakanusha ji-ma(V/VI) lakanusha yakanusha ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakanusha vyakanusha n(IX/X) yakanusha zakanusha u(XI) wakanusha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwakanusha pa(XVI) pakanusha mu(XVIII) mwakanusha
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekanusha "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakanusha "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakanusha "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikanusha "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokanusha Consecutive kakanusha / positive subject concord + -kakanusha Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakanushe
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nikanusha -tukanusha 2nd person -kukanusha -wakanusha/-kukanusheni/-wakanusheni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkanusha -wakanusha m-mi(III/IV) -ukanusha -ikanusha ji-ma(V/VI) -likanusha -yakanusha ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikanusha -vikanusha n(IX/X) -ikanusha -zikanusha u(XI) -ukanusha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kukanusha pa(XVI) -pakanusha mu(XVIII) -mukanusha Reflexive -jikanusha
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kanusha- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -kanushaye -kanushao m-mi(III/IV) -kanushao -kanushayo ji-ma(V/VI) -kanushalo -kanushayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kanushacho -kanushavyo n(IX/X) -kanushayo -kanushazo u(XI) -kanushao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kanushako pa(XVI) -kanushapo mu(XVIII) -kanushamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kanusha) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekanusha -okanusha m-mi(III/IV) -okanusha -yokanusha ji-ma(V/VI) -lokanusha -yokanusha ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokanusha -vyokanusha n(IX/X) -yokanusha -zokanusha u(XI) -okanusha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kokanusha pa(XVI) -pokanusha mu(XVIII) -mokanusha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Nominal derivations:
  • kanusho (“denial, refusal; disclaimer”)
  • ukanushaji
  • ukanushi (“negation”)