munio

See also: munió

Latin

Etymology

From moenia.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈmuː.ni.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈmuː.ni.o]

Verb

mūniō (present infinitive mūnīre, perfect active mūnīvī or mūniī, supine mūnītum); fourth conjugation

1. to provide with defensive works, fortify

   Synonym: immunīo

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 29.4:

     mūnīre urbem, frūmentum convehere, tēla arma parāre

     to strengthen the defences of the city, to accumulate stores of corn, to prepare a supply of weapons and armour

   1. (of natural fortifications)
   2. to build (as) a fortification
2. (of soldiers or sim.) to guard from attack, defend
3. to strengthen, secure

   Synonyms: firmō, cōnfirmō, fortificō, cōnsolidō, fulciō, sistō

   Antonyms: dēterō, atterō, minuō, frangō, tenuō, afficiō

4. (transferred sense) to protect with a covering
5. (figurative) to safeguard, uphold or buttress (of a person, institution, etc.)
6. (figurative) to defend, protect, secure

   Synonyms: prōtegō, dēfendō, tegō, cū̆stōdiō, tūtor, teneō, arceō, servō, adsum

   Antonyms: immineō, īnstō, obiectō

7. to build up so as to give a firm surface to, to construct or repair (of a road, other raised areas)

   Mūnīta via

   Paved road

   1. to provide with a road, make passable

Conjugation

   Conjugation of mūniō (fourth conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	mūniō		mūnīs		mūnit		mūnīmus		mūnītis		mūniunt
	imperfect	mūniēbam		mūniēbās		mūniēbat		mūniēbāmus		mūniēbātis		mūniēbant
	future	mūniam		mūniēs		mūniet		mūniēmus		mūniētis		mūnient
	perfect	mūnīvī, mūniī		mūnīvistī, mūniistī		mūnīvit, mūniit		mūnīvimus, mūniimus		mūnīvistis, mūniistis		mūnīvērunt, mūnīvēre, mūniērunt, mūniēre
	pluperfect	mūnīveram, mūnieram		mūnīverās, mūnierās		mūnīverat, mūnierat		mūnīverāmus, mūnierāmus		mūnīverātis, mūnierātis		mūnīverant, mūnierant
	future perfect	mūnīverō, mūnierō		mūnīveris, mūnieris		mūnīverit, mūnierit		mūnīverimus, mūnierimus		mūnīveritis, mūnieritis		mūnīverint, mūnierint
passive	present	mūnior		mūnīris, mūnīre		mūnītur		mūnīmur		mūnīminī		mūniuntur
	imperfect	mūniēbar		mūniēbāris, mūniēbāre		mūniēbātur		mūniēbāmur		mūniēbāminī		mūniēbantur
	future	mūniar		mūniēris, mūniēre		mūniētur		mūniēmur		mūniēminī		mūnientur
	perfect	mūnītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	mūnītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	mūnītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	mūniam		mūniās		mūniat		mūniāmus		mūniātis		mūniant
	imperfect	mūnīrem		mūnīrēs		mūnīret		mūnīrēmus		mūnīrētis		mūnīrent
	perfect	mūnīverim, mūnierim		mūnīverīs, mūnierīs		mūnīverit, mūnierit		mūnīverīmus, mūnierīmus		mūnīverītis, mūnierītis		mūnīverint, mūnierint
	pluperfect	mūnīvissem, mūniissem		mūnīvissēs, mūniissēs		mūnīvisset, mūniisset		mūnīvissēmus, mūniissēmus		mūnīvissētis, mūniissētis		mūnīvissent, mūniissent
passive	present	mūniar		mūniāris, mūniāre		mūniātur		mūniāmur		mūniāminī		mūniantur
	imperfect	mūnīrer		mūnīrēris, mūnīrēre		mūnīrētur		mūnīrēmur		mūnīrēminī		mūnīrentur
	perfect	mūnītus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	mūnītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		mūnī		—		—		mūnīte		—
	future	—		mūnītō		mūnītō		—		mūnītōte		mūniuntō
passive	present	—		mūnīre		—		—		mūnīminī		—
	future	—		mūnītor		mūnītor		—		—		mūniuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		mūnīre			mūnīrī			mūniēns			—
future		mūnītūrum esse			mūnītum īrī			mūnītūrus			mūniendus, mūniundus
perfect		mūnīvisse, mūniisse			mūnītum esse			—			mūnītus
future perfect		—			mūnītum fore			—			—
perfect potential		mūnītūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		mūniendī		mūniendō		mūniendum		mūniendō		mūnītum		mūnītū

Derived terms

• circummūniō
• commūniō
• ēmūniō
• immūniō
• mūnīmen
• mūnīmentum
• mūnitiō
• mūnitor
• praemūniō

Descendants

• → English: munite
• French: munir
• → Portuguese: munir
• Spanish: munir
• Italian: munire

References

“mūniō” on page 1260 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)

Further reading

• “munio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “munio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “munio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to make a road: viam munire
    
  • to make a fortified, entrenched camp: castra munire
    
  • to fortify the camp with a rampart: castra munire vallo (aggere)