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refero
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Latin
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈrɛ.fɛ.roː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈrɛː.fe.ro]
Verb
referō (present infinitive referre, perfect active rettulī, supine relātum); third conjugation, suppletive
- to bear, bring, drive, or carry back, off, or away
- Synonym: reveho
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.93-95:
- “Ēgregiam vērō laudem et spolia ampla refertis
tūque puerque tuus, magnum et memorābile nūmen,
ūna dolō dīvom sī fēmina victa duōrum est!”- “[Such] praiseworthy honor, indeed! And splendid the spoils you [both] bring back — you and your boy, [Cupid] — so great and glorious the divine might, the guile of two gods having vanquished one woman!”
(Juno mocks Venus after Dido has fallen in love.)
- “[Such] praiseworthy honor, indeed! And splendid the spoils you [both] bring back — you and your boy, [Cupid] — so great and glorious the divine might, the guile of two gods having vanquished one woman!”
- “Ēgregiam vērō laudem et spolia ampla refertis
- to give back, give up, return, restore, pay back, repay, pay in return, show one's gratitude
- (of sound) to bring back, return, answer, echo, resound
- to bring back, restore, renew, revive, repeat
- to say in return, respond, reply, answer, represent
- to call to mind, recall, think over, call back to memory, repeat one's self
- to reconsider
- to refer to, assign to, give credit for
- to judge by, measure according to a certain standard
- to restore, renew, revive, repeat
- (news or message) relate, recount, tell, say
- (matter of import, to the senate) to bring before, refer to
- Synonym: propono
- (name or item in a list) to include, enter
- to make known officially, report, deliver, transmit, announce, notify, proclaim, register, record
- (passive) to retreat, go back, withdraw, return
- Synonyms: facessō, dēcēdō, discēdō, cēdō, dēficiō, concēdō, excēdō, regredior, abscēdō, subtrahō, subdūcō, inclīnō, recēdō, āmoveō, recipiō, vertō
- Antonyms: prōgredior, prōdeō, prōcēdō, prōficiō, aggredior, ēvehō, incēdō, accēdō, adeō
- to tell, recount, narrate
Usage notes
- The forms "rettul..." are also found as "retul...".
Conjugation
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
References
- “refero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “refero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “refero”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- refero in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to retreat step by step: gradum sensim referre
- to consider one's own advantage in everything: omnia ad suam utilitatem referre
- to show gratitude (in one's acts): gratiam alicui referre (meritam, debitam) pro aliqua re
- to return like for like: par pari referre
- to reward amply; to give manifold recompense for: bonam (praeclaram) gratiam referre
- the book is attributed to an unknown writer: liber refertur ad nescio quem auctorem
- to enter a thing in one's note-book: aliquid in commentarios suos referre (Tusc. 3. 22. 54)
- to make virtue the standard in every thought and act: omnia consilia et facta ad virtutem referre (Phil. 10. 10. 20)
- to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: dirigere or referre aliquid ad aliquam rem
- to deify a person: aliquem in deorum numerum referre, reponere
- to consider as a god: aliquem in deorum numero referre
- to book a debt: nomina facere or in tabulas referre
- to put down to a man's credit: alicui acceptum referre aliquid (Verr. 2. 70. 170)
- to retire into private life: in otium se referre (Fam. 99)
- to consider a thing from a political point of view: ad rei publicae rationes aliquid referre
- to record in the official tablets (Annales maximi): in album referre (De Or. 2. 12. 52)
- to place a person's name on the list of the proscribed: in proscriptorum numerum referre aliquem (Rosc. Am. 11. 32)
- to bring a question before the senate (of the presiding magistrate): ad senatum referre (Cic. Dom. 53. 136)
- to enter a thing in the public records: in tabulas publicas referre aliquid
- to put some one on the list of the accused: referre in reos aliquem
- to retire (without turning one's back on the enemy): pedem referre
- to gain a victory, win a battle: victoriam ferre, referre
- to retreat step by step: gradum sensim referre
- Frederic M. Wheelock and Richard A. LaFleur (2000), Wheelock's Latin (6th edition), HarperCollins: New York, →ISBN
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