Atiqa bint Zayd

Atika bint Zayd al-Adawiyya (Larabci: عاتكة بنت زيد‎) malamar addinin musulunci kuma mawaƙiya. Ita ce sahabiyar Annabi Muhammadu. Ta kasance daya daga cikin matan Umar bn al-Khattab, Halifa na biyu. Mawaƙiya ce da ta yi fice wajen auren mazajen musulmi da suka rasu a matsayin shaheedai.

Atika

Atiqa bint Zayd

 

Atika bint Zayd
عاتکة بنت زيد
Title	Matar Shahidi
Personal
Haihuwa	ʿĀtīḳah bint Zayd ibn ‘Amr ibn Nufayl ibn ‘Abd al-‘Uzzā ibn Rāz ibn ‘Adiyy ibn Ka‘ab ibn Lu’ayy ibn Ghālib ibn Fihr ibn Mālik c. 600 Hejaz, Arabia (present-day KSA)
Mutuwa	c. 672 Medina, Hejaz, Umayyad Caliphate (present-day KSA)
Makwanci	Medina
Addini	Islam
Spouse	Zayd ibn al-Khattab (widowed) Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr (divorced, rekindled & widowed) Umar ibn al-Khattab (widowed) Zubayr ibn al-Awwam (widowed) Husayn ibn Ali (till her death)
Yara	ʿIyāḍ ibn ʿUmar
Iyaye	Zayd ibn Amr (father) Umm Kurz Safiya bint al-Hadrami (mother)
Era	Early Islamic period
An san shi da	Sahabiyah of Muhammad
Sana'a	Poet, scholar
Dangi	Sa'id ibn Zayd (brother) Zayd ibn al-Khattab (cousin) Umar ibn al-Khattab (cousin)

Rayuwa ta farko

I ɗiyar Zayd ibn Amr ce, memba na dangin Adi na Quraysh a Makka, da kuma Umm Kurz Safiya bint al-Hadrami . ^[1]:^{:186 [2]} Sa'id ibn Zayd ɗan'uwanta ne.^[3]:^{:296 [2]} An kashe mahaifinsu a cikin shekara ta 605.^{[4]:102–103}

Wataƙila Atika tana yarinya a lokacin da Annabi Muhammadu ya bayyana kansa a matsayin annabi a cikin 610 . ^[4]:^:281 Sa'id ya kasance daga cikin masu Musulunta na farko, ^[1]:^:116 :^:299 kuma Atika ta zama Musulma ma.^[4][3]:186

Rayuwa ta mutum

Atika ta yi aure sau da yawa a rayuwarta.

Aurenta na farko

Mijinta na farko shi ne ɗan uwanta, Zayd ibn al-Khattab, wanda ya fi girmeta da shekaru ashirin.^[2] Ya kuma kasance Musulmi, ^[1]:^:294 kuma mai yiwuwa a cikin tarayya dashi ne Atika ta shiga cikin ƙaura zuwa Madina a cikin shekara ta 622.^[3]:186[2]

Wannan auren a bayyane ya ƙare da Sakin aure, domin Atika ta riga ta sake yin aure a lokacin mutuwar Zayd a Yaƙin Yamama a watan Disamba na shekara ta 632.^[2]

Aurenta na biyu

Mijinta na biyu shi ne Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr . ^[1]:^:186 :^:101 An kuma ce Abdullah ya yi biyayya ga hukuncin Atika kuma ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo tare da ita har ya kasance aiki ya mishi yawa sosain da bazai yi yaƙi a cikin sojojin Musulunci ba. ^{[2] [5][6]}

Saki

Abu Bakr ya hukunta ɗansa ta hanyar umarni da ya bashi da ya sake ta.^[2][6] Koyaya, Al-Baladhuri ya ce dalilin da ya sa Abu Bakr ya ba da umarnin saki shi ne saboda Atika ba ta da kyau.^[7]:^:267 Abdullah ya yi kamar yadda aka gaya masa amma ya yi baƙin ciki. Ya rubuta mata waka: ^[2][6]

Ban taba sanin namiji irina ya saki mace irinta ba.
ko wata mace irinta da aka sake ta ba don kan ta ba.^[2]

A ƙarshe an ba Abdullah damar dawo da Atika kafin a kammala Iddarta.^[2][6]:87

Mutuwar Annabi Muhammadu

Lokacin da Annabi Muhammadu ya rasu a shekara ta 632, Atika ta rubuta masa waƙar yabo.

Rakumansa sun kasance ba kowa tun maraice.
ya kasance yana hawansu kuma shi ne qawarsu.
Tun da yamma nake kuka ga sarki.
hawaye kuwa suna ta zuba a jere.
Matan naki har yanzu suna kwance a kan gado
saboda bakin ciki da ke kara girma lokaci bayan lokaci;
Sun koma fari kamar jallabiya
wanda ya zama mara amfani kuma ya canza launi;
suna maganin bakin ciki na yau da kullun
amma ciwon yana ratsa zuciya;
Suna dukan kyawawan fuskokinsu da tafin hannunsu
domin abin da ke faruwa ke nan a lokuta irin wannan.
"Ya kasance madalla da zababben shugaba."
Addininsu ya haxu akan gaskiya.
Yaya zan iya rayuwa fiye da Manzo
"Wane ne ya mutu a lokacin sa'a?"'^[8]

Mutuwar Abdullah

Abdullah ya ajiye da dukiya mai yawa a kan Atika a kan sharadin cewa ba za ta sake yin aure ba bayan mutuwarsa.^[1]:^{:186 [2]}:^:267 Ya mutu a Madina a watan Janairun shekara ta 633 daga tsohon rauni da ya samu a Siege of Ta'if.^[9][7][10]: 76 ^[2] Atika ta rubuta masa waƙoƙi.

Na rantse idona ba zai gushe ba yana yi maka kuka
kuma fatata za ta rufe da kura'.^{[1]:187[7]:267}

Ta ki amincewa da masu neman aure da yawa a cikin watanni.^[1]:186[9]

Aurenta na uku

Soyayya

Umar, KHalifa na biyu kuma dan uwan Atika na farko, ya gaya mata cewa bai dace ba tana da damar yin aure, "ta musanta wa kanka abin da Allah ya ba da izini".^[1][2]

Alkawarin da ya rushe

Bayan Umar ya zama Khalifa, : 70 lokacin da Aisha ta san cewa Atika ta karya alkawarinta na rashin aure, sai kuma ta aiko mata da sako:^[11]

"Na yi alkawari cewa idona ba zai gushe ba ya bushe a gare ku ba."
"kuma fatata za ta zama rawaya tare da rini."

Maido mana dukiyarmu!"^[7]: 267-268 Lokacin da Ali ya karanta musu wannan waka, Umar ya gaya wa Atika ya dawo da ƙasar.^[1]:^{:187 [2]} :^:268 Ya daidaita daidai adadin kuɗi a kanta, wanda ta rarraba a cikin sadaka don yafe wa Abd Allah karya alkawarinta.^[7]-ref reference" data-cx="{}" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"Shuraydi"}}' id="cite_ref-Shuraydi_7-4" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Atiqa_bint_Zayd#cite_note-Shuraydi-7 [7]]^:267

Rayuwar aure

Daga aurenta da Umar, Atika ta haifi ɗa mai suna Iyad . ^[3]:204

Atika ta kasance tana neman izinin Umar don halartar addu'o'in jama'a a masallacin. Umar ya fi son matansa su kasance a gida kuma ya nuna rashin jin dadinsa da shiru. Atika ta gaya masa cewa ba za ta daina neman izini ba, kuma za ta je masallacin sai dai idan ya hana ta musamman. Ya kasance shiru, watakila saboda ba zai iya hana wani abu da Annabi Muhammadu ya ba da izini ba, don haka Atika ya ci gaba da halarta.^{[12][1]:188–189[2][13]}

Mutuwar Umar

Ta kasance a Masallacin lokacin da aka kashe Umar a cikin a watan Nuwamba shekara ta 644. ^[3]:^{:285 [13]} Ta rubuta masa waƙoƙi.

Iya! bari hawayenki da kuka su yawaita
kuma kada ka gajiya - a kan shugaba mai daraja.
Mutuwa ta shafe ni a faɗuwar mahaya
Ya bambanta a ranar yaƙi...^[10]:152

Mai tausayin na kusa da shi, masu tsananin gaba da makiyansa.
wani wanda zai aminta da lokacin rashin sa'a da amsa,
Duk lokacin da ya fadi maganarsa, to ayyukansa ba su karyata maganarsa.
Mai gaggawar zuwa ga ayyuka na gari, kuma ba tare da yamutsi ba.^[5]:130

Aurenta na huɗu

Soyayya

Bayan mutuwar Umar, Atika ta auri Zubayr ibn al-Awwam.^[5]:^:101 Ta sanya shi a matsayin yanayin kwangilar aurensu cewa ba zai doke ta ba, cewa zai ci gaba da ba ta damar ziyartar masallacin da yake so kuma ba zai hana "kowane hakkokinta ba".^[2][6]:88[9]

Mutuwar Zubayr

An kashe Zubayr a Yaƙin Raƙumi a watan Disamba na shekara ta 656. ^[3]: 83-86 Atika kuma ya rubuta masa waƙar yabo.

Da za a tashe shi, da an same shi.
ba girgiza zuciya ko hannu ba.
Za ka yi sa'a ka sami wani irinsa
daga cikin wadanda suka rage, masu zuwa su tafi...
"Idan kun kashe musulmi, to dole ne ku fuskanci hukuncin kisa."'^[14]

A wannan lokacin ne mutane suka fara cewa: "Duk wani mutumin da yake so ya zama shahidi ya auri Atika bint Zayd!" : 89^[6]:89

Bayan haka, Khalifa na huɗu na Musulunci Ali da kansa ya nemi aurenta, amma ta gaya masa, "Ba zan so ka mutu ba, Ya dan uwan Annabi. " :^:268 Duk da haka, Ali ya ƙare ya mutu shaheedi duk da haka, wanda ya canza ta da ra'ayoyin mutane.^[7]

Aurenta na ƙarshe

Mijin Atika na biyar kuma na karshe shi ne dan Ali, Husayn, wanda ta girmeshi da shekara ashirin. An kuma dauke shi shahidi saboda an kashe shi a Yaƙin Karbala a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 680; : 89 :^:268 Koyaya, Atika a bayyane ya riga ta mutu.^[6][9][7]

Mutuwarta

Atika ya mutu a shekara ta 672 a lokacin mulkin Umayyad Khalifa Mu'awiya I.^[9]