Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma

Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziƙin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma, (Da Turanci ECOWAS, da Faransanci CEDEAO), wanda aka fi sani da (CEDEAO a Faransanci), ƙungiyar siyasa da tattalin arziƙin yanki ce ta ƙasashe goma sha biyar da ke Yammacin Afirka. Gaba ɗaya, waɗannan ƙasashe sun ƙunshi yanki na 5,114,162 km2 (1,974,589 sq mi), kuma a cikin 2015 suna da kimanin mutane sama da miliyan, 349. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 1975, tare da sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ta Legas, tare da ayyukanta da aka bayyana don inganta haɗin tattalin arziƙi a duk yankin. An amince da sake fasalin yarjejeniyar da sanya hannu a ranar 24 ga Yulin 1993 a Cotonou. Wanda aka yi la'akari da daya daga cikin ginshikan yanki na ƙungiyar bunƙasa tattalin arziƙi Afirka baki daya (AEC), babban burin ƙungiyar ECOWAS shine a cimma "wadatar wadatar zuci" ga mambobinta ta hanyar kirkirar babbar ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta hanyar gina cikakken tattalin arziƙi da Ƙungiyar kwadago. ECOWAS din ma tana aiki a matsayin rundunar wanzar da zaman lafiya a yankinta, inda a wasu lokuta ƙasashe mambobin kungiyar ke tura dakaru na haɗin gwiwa domin shiga tsakanin mambobin ƙungiyar a wasu lokuta na rashin zaman lafiyar siyasa da tashe tashen hankali. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan waɗannan sun haɗa da tsoma baki a cikin Ivory Coast a 2003, Laberiya a 2003, Guinea-Bissau a 2012, Mali a 2013, da Gambiya a 2017. ECOWAS ta haɗa da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi biyu: Economic ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziƙin Afirka da Kuɗin Kuɗi ta Yammacin Afirka (wanda kuma aka sani da sunan Faransanci UEMOA) ƙungiya ce ta takwas, galibi masu jin Faransanci, jihohi a cikin ECOWAS waɗanda ke raba ƙungiyar kwastam da ƙungiyar hada hadar kuɗi [faɗar da ake bukata]. An kafa shi a cikin 1994 kuma an yi niyya ne don daidaita ikon tattalin arziƙi masu magana da Ingilishi a cikin ƙungiyar (kamar Nijeriya da Ghana), mambobin UEMOA galibi tsoffin yankuna ne na Afirka ta Yamma ta Faransa. Kudin da duk suke amfani da shi shine CFA franc, wanda ke manne da euro. Yankin Kuɗi na Yammacin Afirka (WAMZ), wanda aka kafa a 2000, ya ƙunshi ƙasashe shida mafi yawan masu magana da Ingilishi a cikin ECOWAS waɗanda ke shirin yin aiki don karɓar kuɗinsu na bai ɗaya, eco.

Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma
Bayanai
Suna a hukumance	Economic Community of West African States, Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest da Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África Ocidental
Gajeren suna	ECOWAS, CEDEAO, CEDEAO, CEDEAO, ЭКОВАС, ЕКОВАС, 西共体, 西共體, EKOŜ da EKOWAS
Iri	Regional Economic Communities (en) da intergovernmental organization (en)
Mulki
Shugaba	Bola Ahmad Tinubu
Sakatare	Janar
Hedkwata	Abuja
Subdivisions	Benin Burkina Faso  29 ga Janairu, 2025 Cabo Verde ECOWAS Court (en) ECOWAS Parliament (en) Gambiya Ghana Gine Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Laberiya Mali  29 ga Janairu, 2025 Najeriya Nijar  29 ga Janairu, 2025 Saliyo Senegal Togo West African Health Organisation (en)
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira	28 Mayu 1975
ecowas.int

Wannan mukalar bata da Reference (Manazarta) ko daya, ka taimaka ta hanyar samar da Manazarta daga littafi ko yanar gizo, duba wannan shafin domin samun masaniya akan yanda zaka samar da Reference (Manazarta) a cikin wannan mukalar. .

Bugu da ƙari, ECOWAS ta haɗa da cibiyoyi masu zuwa: Hukumar ECOWAS, Kotun Al’umma ta Shari’a, [8] Majalisar Dokokin Al’umma, Bankin ECOWAS na Zuba Jari da Ci Gaban (EBID), [9] Kungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Afirka ta Yamma (WAHO), da kuma Rukunin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke yaki da safarar kuɗaɗe da kuma bayar da Ta'addanci a Afirka ta Yamma (GIABA).

ECOWAS tana aiki cikin yarukan haɗin gwiwa guda uku-Faransanci, Ingilishi, da Fotigal, kuma ta ƙunshi cibiyoyi biyu don aiwatar da manufofi: Hukumar ECOWAS da Bankin ECOWAS na saka hannun jari da ci gaba (EBID), wanda a da ake kira Asusun Haɗin Kai har sai ta an sake masa suna a 2001. A 1976, Cape Verde ta shiga cikin ECOWAS, yayin da Mauritania ta janye a Disambar 2000, bayan da ta bayyana aniyarta na yin hakan a watan Disambar 1999.

A cikin 2011, ECOWAS ta zartar da tsarin ci gabanta na shekaru goma masu zuwa, Ganin 2020, kuma, tare da ita, Manufofin Kimiyya da Fasaha (ECOPOST).

Ƙasashen Nijar da Mali da Burkina Faso sun sanar da ficewa daga ƙungiyar a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 2024, lamarin da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba tun bayan kafa ƙungiyar ECOWAS, inda suka yi zargin rashin taimakon kungiyar musamman ta fuskar ta’addanci da kuma zarginta da kasancewa ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar ta ECOWAS. tasirin ikon ƙasashen waje.

Kasashen mambobi Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2017, ECOWAS tana da membobin kasashe 15; takwas daga cikinsu masu jin Faransanci ne, biyar kuma masu magana da Ingilishi ne, biyu kuma masu magana da yaren Fotigal. Duk mambobi na yanzu sun shiga cikin al'umma a matsayin membobin kafa a cikin Mayu 1975, banda Cape Verde wacce ta shiga cikin 1977. Tsohon memba na ECOWAS kawai shine mai magana da larabci Mauritania, wanda kuma yana daya daga cikin membobin da suka kafa kungiyar a shekarar 1975 kuma ta yanke shawarar ficewa a watan Disambar 2000. Kwanan nan Mauritania ta rattaba hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniyar zama memba a watan Agusta na 2017. A hukumance an nemi Morocco ta shiga ECOWAS a cikin watan Fabrairun 2017. An amince da aikace-aikacen ne bisa ka'ida a taron shugabannin kasashe a watan Yunin 2017, amma yunkurin Morocco na zama memba ya ci tura. Statididdiga don yawan jama'a, GDP maras ƙarfi da ikon GDP na ikon siye da aka jera a ƙasa an ɗauke su daga ƙididdigar Bankin Duniya na 2015, wanda aka buga a watan Disamba na 2016. An ciro bayanan yanki daga rahoton 2012 wanda sashin kididdiga na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya tattara. ECOWAS Shiyyar Kasashe membobin kungiyar ECOWAS Zone A member statesCountryArea (km2)Population (thousands)GDP (nominal) (millions USD)GDP (PPP) (millions intl.$)CurrencyOfficial language Cabo Verde4,0335211,6033,413escudoPortuguese Gambia11,2951,9919393,344dalasiEnglish Guinea245,85712,6096,69915,244francFrench Guinea-Bissau36,1251,8441,0572,685CFA francPortuguese Liberia111,3694,5032,0533,762dollarEnglish Mali1,240,19217,60012,74735,695CFA francFrench Senegal196,71215,12913,61036,625CFA francFrench Sierra Leone72,3006,4534,21510,127leoneEnglishECOWAS Zone A total1,917,88360,55042,923110,895—— Asashe membobin ECOWAS Zone B Country Area (km2) Population (thousands) GDP (nominal) (millions USD) GDP (PPP) (millions intl.$) Currency Official language Benin 114,763 10,880 8,291 22,377 CFA franc French Burkina Faso 272,967 18,106 10,678 30,708 CFA franc French Ghana 238,533 27,410 37,543 115,409 cedi English Côte d'Ivoire 322,463 22,702 31,759 79,766 CFA franc French Niger 1,267,000 19,899 7,143 19,013 CFA franc French Nigeria 923,768 182,202 481,066 1,093,921 Naira English Togo 56,785 7,305 4,088 10,667 CFA franc French ECOWAS Zone B total 3,196,279 277,502 580,568 1,371,861 — — Sakatarorin Zartarwa da Shugabannin kwamitocin Executive Secretary Country In office Inaugural holder Aboubakar Diaby Ouattara Ivory Coast January 1977 – 1985 Momodu Munu Sierra Leone 1985–1989 Abass Bundu Sierra Leone 1989–1993 Édouard Benjamin Guinea 1993–1997 Lansana Kouyaté Guinea September 1997 – 31 January 2002 Mohamed Ibn Chambas Ghana 1 February 2002 – 31 December 2007 Mohamed Ibn Chambas Ghana 1 January 2007 – 18 February 2010 James Victor Gbeho Ghana 18 February 2010 – 1 March 2012 Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo Burkina Faso 1 March 2012 – 4 June 2016 Marcel Alain de Souza Benin 4 June 2016 – 1 March 2018 Jean-Claude Brou Ivory Coast 1 March 2018 – present Shugabanni hairperson Country In office Yakubu Gowon Nigeria 28 May 1975 – 29 July 1975 Gnassingbé Eyadéma Togo 29 July 1975 – 13 September 1977 Olusegun Obasanjo Nigeria 13 September 1977 – 30 September 1979 Léopold Sédar Senghor Senegal 30 September 1979 – 31 December 1980 Gnassingbé Eyadéma Togo 1980–1981 Siaka Stevens Sierra Leone 1981–1982 Mathieu Kérékou Benin 1982–1983 Ahmed Sékou Touré Guinea 1983–1984 Lansana Conté Guinea 1984–1985 Muhammadu Buhari Nigeria 1985 – 27 August 1985 Ibrahim Babangida Nigeria 27 August 1985 – 1989 Dawda Jawara Gambia 1989–1990 Blaise Compaoré Burkina Faso 1990–1991 Dawda Jawara Gambia 1991–1992 Abdou Diouf Senegal 1992–1993 Nicéphore Soglo Benin 1993–1994 Jerry Rawlings Ghana 1994 – 27 July 1996 Sani Abacha Nigeria 27 July 1996 – 8 June 1998 Abdulsalami Abubakar Nigeria 9 June 1998 – 1999 Gnassingbé Eyadéma Togo 1999 – 1999 Alpha Oumar Konaré Mali 1999 – 21 December 2001 Abdoulaye Wade Senegal 21 December 2001 – 31 January 2003 John Kufuor Ghana 31 January 2003 – 19 January 2005 Mamadou Tandja Niger 19 January 2005 – 19 January 2007 Blaise Compaoré Burkina Faso 19 January 2007 – 19 December 2008 Umaru Musa Yar'Adua Nigeria 19 December 2008 – 18 February 2010 Goodluck Jonathan Nigeria 18 February 2010 – 17 February 2012 Alassane Ouattara Ivory Coast 17 February 2012 – 17 February 2013 John Mahama Ghana 17 February 2013 – 19 May 2015 Macky Sall Senegal 19 May 2015 – 4 June 2016 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Liberia 4 June 2016 – 4 June 2017 Hadin gwiwar tsaro na yanki Duba kuma: Communityungiyar Kula da Economicungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Yammacin Afirka ECasashen ECOWAS sun ba da wata yarjejeniya ba ta zalunci ba a 1990 tare da yarjejeniyoyi biyu da aka yi a baya a 1978 da 1981. Sun kuma sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar kan Taimaka wa Kare Tsaron Juna a Freetown, Saliyo, a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1981, wanda ya tanadi kafa anungiyar Sojojin Kawance Ofarfin Al'umma. Majalisar Al'umma Majalisar Al'umma ta kunshi membobi 115, wadanda aka rarraba dangane da yawan kowace jiha. Wannan kwamitin yana karkashin Shugaban Majalisar ne, wanda ke sama da Sakatare Janar. Country Parliament Seats Benin 5 Burkina Faso 6 Cape Verde 5 Ivory Coast 7 Gambia 5 Ghana 8 Guinea 6 Guinea-Bissau 5 Liberia 5 Mali 6 Niger 6 Nigeria 35 Senegal 6 Sierra Leone 5 Togo 5 An faɗaɗa Hukumar ECOWAS Karo na uku 3 tun bayan kafuwar ta a shekarar 1975, kungiyar ECOWAS na cikin sauye-sauyen hukumomi. Na farko shi ne lokacin da ta sake yarjejeniyarta a ranar 24 ga Yulin 1993; na biyu shi ne a 2007 lokacin da Sakatariyar ta rikide zuwa Hukumar. Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2013, yanzu ECOWAS tana da sabbin sassa guda shida (Gudanar da Albarkatun Jama'a; Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu; Makamashi da Ma'adanai; Sadarwa da IT; Ci gaban Masana'antu da Kamfanoni Masu Zaman Kansu. Kwamishinan Ghana sabon kundin tsarin mulki da Taro) Kotun Al'umma ta Shari'a Babban labarin: Kotun ECOWAS Kotun Al’umma ta ECOWAS an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu a 1991 sannan daga baya aka sanya ta a cikin Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar da aka Gyara na Communityungiyar a 1993. Koyaya, Kotun ba ta fara aiki a hukumance ba har sai yarjejeniyar 1991 ta fara aiki a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 1996. An bayyana ikon kotun a cikin Mataki na 9 da Mataki na 76 na Yarjejeniyar da aka Gyara kuma tana ba da damar yanke hukunci a kan rikice-rikice tsakanin jihohi game da fassarar Revised Yarjejeniya. Hakanan tana ba Majalisar ECOWAS shawarwari na nasiha game da lamuran doka (Mataki na 10). Kamar kotunan abokanta, Kotun Turai na 'Yancin Dan-Adam da Kotun Afirka ta Gabas ta Afirka, tana da ikon yanke hukunci kan muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi take hakkin dan adam. Wasanni da musayar al'adu ECasashen ECOWAS suna shirya abubuwa da yawa na al'adu da wasanni a ƙarƙashin kulawar jiki, ciki har da Kofin CEDEAO a ƙwallon ƙafa, Wasannin ECOWAS na 2012 da kuma Miss CEDEAO kyakkyawar sarauta. Hadin kan tattalin arziki Economicungiyar Tattalin Arziƙi da Kuɗi ta Afirka ta Yamma (UEMOA) Duba kuma: CFA franc da Tattalin Arziƙi da ƙungiyar kuɗi UEMOA WAMZ ECOWAS kawai (Cape Verde) Economicungiyar Tattalin Arziƙin Afirka da Kuɗin Kuɗi ta Yammacin Afirka (WAEMU, wanda aka fi sani da UEMOA daga sunanta a Faransanci, Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine) ƙungiya ce ta mutane takwas, galibi ƙasashen yammacin Afirka masu amfani da harshen Faransanci a cikin ECOWAS, waɗanda aka mamaye ba haka ba. ta manyan masu nauyi kamar Najeriya da Ghana. An kafa ta ne don inganta haɗin tattalin arziki tsakanin ƙasashen da ke raba CFA franc a matsayin kuɗaɗen waje. UEMOA an kirkireshi ne ta wata yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu a Dakar, Senegal, a ranar 10 ga Janairun 1994, daga shugabannin kasashe da gwamnatocin Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal, da Togo. A ranar 2 ga Mayu 1997, Guinea-Bissau, tsohuwar mulkin mallaka na Fotigal, ta zama memba na takwas (kuma kawai ba mara amfani da yaren Faransanci) UEMOA ƙungiya ce ta kwastan da haɗin kuɗin tsakanin mambobin ECOWAS. Manufofin ta sun hada da: Gasar tattalin arziki mafi girma, ta hanyar buɗe kasuwanni, ban da fa'ida da daidaita yanayin shari'a Haɗin manufofin tattalin arziƙi da alamomi Kirkirar kasuwa daya Daidaita manufofin bangarori Daidaita manufofin kasafin kudi Daga cikin nasarorin da ta samu, UEMOA ta sami nasarar aiwatar da ƙa'idodin haɗakar tattalin arziki da ingantacciyar hanyar sa ido. Ta karɓi ƙungiyar kwastan da jadawalin kuɗin fito na waje kuma ta haɗu da ƙa'idodin haraji kai tsaye, ban da ƙaddamar da manufofin yanki da ɓangarori. Wani bincike na IMF a watan Satumbar 2002 ya ambaci UEMOA a matsayin "mafi nisa a kan hanyar hadewa" na dukkan kungiyoyin yankin a Afirka. ECOWAS da UEMOA sun samar da tsari na bai daya game da sassaucin kasuwanci da hada-hadar manufofin tattalin arziki. Kungiyoyin sun kuma amince da ka'idoji iri daya na asali don bunkasa kasuwanci, sannan ECOWAS ta amince da daukar UEMOA tsarin kwastam da hanyoyin biyan diyya. Membobinsu Benin (Founding Member) Burkina Faso (Founding Member) Côte d'Ivoire (Founding Member) Guinea-Bissau (Joined on 2 May 1997) Mali (Founding Member) Niger (Founding Member) Senegal (Founding Member) Togo (Founding Member) Yankin Kuɗi na Yammacin Afirka Duba kuma: Eco (kudin) An kafa shi a 2000, Yankin Kuɗi na Yammacin Afirka (WAMZ) ƙungiya ce ta ƙasashe shida a cikin ECOWAS waɗanda ke shirin gabatar da kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗe da ake kira Eco. Kasashe shida mambobi na WAMZ sune Gambiya, Ghana, Guinea, Najeriya da Saliyo wadanda suka kafa kungiyar tare a shekarar 2000 da kuma Laberiya da ta shiga a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 2010. Baya ga Guinea, wacce ita ce faransanci, dukkansu kasashe ne masu magana da Ingilishi. Tare da Mauritania, Guinea sun fita daga cikin kuɗin CFA na franc wanda duk sauran tsoffin mulkin mallaka na Faransa suka raba a Yammaci da Tsakiyar Afirka. WAMZ tayi ƙoƙari don kafa tsayayyen kuɗaɗe don yin takara da CFA franc, wanda kuɗin musayarsa yana da alaƙa da na euro kuma baitul malin Faransa ya tabbatar da hakan. Burin karshe shine don CFA franc da eco su haɗu, suna bawa dukkan Yammaci da Afirka ta Tsakiya kuɗi guda, tsayayye. Cibiyar ba da Lamuni ta Afirka ta Yamma ce da ke Accra, Ghana ke shirya bullo da sabon kudin. Membobin su Benin (Founding Member) Burkina Faso (Founding Member) Côte d'Ivoire (Founding Member) Guinea-Bissau (Joined on 2 May 1997) Mali (Founding Member) Niger (Founding Member) Senegal (Founding Member) Togo (Founding Member) Yankin Kuɗi na Yammacin Afirka. Duba kuma: Eco (kudin) An kafa shi a 2000, Yankin Kuɗi na Yammacin Afirka (WAMZ) ƙungiya ce ta ƙasashe shida a cikin ECOWAS waɗanda ke shirin gabatar da kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗe da ake kira Eco.Kasashe shida mambobi na WAMZ sune Gambiya, Ghana, Guinea, Najeriya da Saliyo wadanda suka kafa kungiyar tare a shekarar 2000 da kuma Laberiya da ta shiga a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 2010. Baya ga Guinea, wacce ita ce faransanci, dukkansu kasashe ne masu magana da Ingilishi. Tare da Mauritania, Guinea sun fita daga cikin kuɗin CFA na franc wanda duk sauran tsoffin mulkin mallaka na Faransa suka raba a Yammaci da Tsakiyar Afirka. WAMZ tayi ƙoƙari don kafa tsayayyen kuɗaɗe don yin takara da CFA franc, wanda kuɗin musayarsa yana da alaƙa da na euro kuma baitul malin Faransa ya tabbatar da hakan. Burin karshe shine don CFA franc da eco su haɗu, suna bawa dukkan Yammaci da Afirka ta Tsakiya kuɗi guda, tsayayye. Cibiyar ba da Lamuni ta Afirka ta Yamma ce da ke Accra, Ghana ke shirya bullo da sabon kudin. Sufuri Babban labarin: Jirgin ECOWAS Wani aikin Trans-ECOWAS, wanda aka kafa a 2007, yana shirin haɓaka hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa a wannan yankin. Yawon shakatawa A cikin 2019, ECOWAS ta bayyana Ecotour Action Plan 2019 - 2029. Yana mai da hankali ne kan kariya da bunƙasa al'adun yawon buɗe ido, da haɓaka ci gaban ƙa'idodi, ƙa'idodi da tsarin sarrafawa. Tsarin ya hada da shirye-shirye guda biyar don aiwatarwa, da kuma cikakkun hanyoyin hanyoyin sanya idanu da kimantawa. Ba a bunƙasa keɓaɓɓiyar fata ta musamman ba, amma duk da haka an ambata cewa shirin yana da damar ƙirƙirar alaƙa tsakanin cibiyoyi da haɗin gwiwar masu ruwa da tsaki, don dacewa da ayyukan ecotourism waɗanda ke ba da fifiko ga al'umma, bambancin halittu, da zamantakewar tattalin arziki. Duba kuma Tsarin katin launin ruwan kasa - tsarin inshorar mota na ECOWAS Africanungiyar Gabashin Afirka Tattalin Arzikin Afirka Hukumomin Gwamnati kan Cigaba Developmentungiyar Developmentasashen Afirka ta Kudu (SADC) Kasuwar Kasuwanci ta Gabas da Kudancin Afirka (COMESA) Economicungiyar Tattalin Arziƙin Kasashen Afirka ta Tsakiya (ECCAS) Manazarta