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List of sovereign states in the 1970s

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List of sovereign states in the 1970s
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This is a list of sovereign states in the 1970s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1970 and 31 December 1979. It contains 191 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 166 widely-recognized sovereign states (including 4 associated states that gained full independence, 4 states which were initially unrecognized but then gained full recognition later in the decade, and 1 state which was initially widely-recognized but then lost full recognition later in the decade), 2 constituent republics of another sovereign state that were UN members on their own right, 12 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de facto dependencies of other powers by the general international community, 4 associated states, and 7 transitional states.

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Map of the World in 1970


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Sovereign states

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More information Name and capital city, Information on status and recognition of sovereignty ...
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Other entities

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Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:

  • Antarctica as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims.[94] These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.[95]
  • East Timor was occupied and administered by Indonesia as Timor Timur, but this was not recognized by the United Nations, which considered it to be Portuguese territory under Indonesian occupation.
  • Estonia was occupied and administered by the Soviet Union, but the legality of the annexation was not widely-recognized. The Baltic diplomatic services in the West continued to be recognised as representing the de jure state.
  • Latvia was occupied and administered by the Soviet Union, but the legality of the annexation was not widely-recognized. The Baltic diplomatic services in the West continued to be recognised as representing the de jure state.
  • Lithuania was occupied and administered by the Soviet Union, but the legality of the annexation was not widely-recognized. The Baltic diplomatic services in the West continued to be recognised as representing the de jure state.
  • The Saudi–Iraqi neutral zone was a strip of neutral territory between Iraq and Saudi Arabia.
  • The Sovereign Military Order of Malta was an entity claiming sovereignty. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but had no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome.[96] The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions."[97] Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.
  • West Berlin was a political enclave that was closely aligned with, but not actually a part of, West Germany. It consisted of three occupied sectors administered by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France.
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Notes

  1. Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Quwain, and Fujairah became fully independent states when the British protectorate over the Trucial States came to an end on 1 December 1971. The next day, they united to form the United Arab Emirates.[1]
  2. Mohammed Daoud Khan overthrew Mohammed Zahir Shah on 17 July 1973 and proclaimed a new state known as the "Republic of Afghanistan".[2]
  3. Following a coup d'etat on 27 April 1978, the Revolutionary Council of Afghanistan declared a new state called the "Democratic Republic of Afghanistan" with Nur Muhammad Taraki as its president.[3]
  4. Albania adopted a new constitution on 28 December 1976.[4]
  5. Angola gained independence from Portugal on 11 November 1975.[5]
  6. The name "Argentine Nation" was also used for the purposes of legislation.
  7. The Bahamas gained independence from the United Kingdom on 10 July 1973.[9]
  8. The British Protectorate over Bahrain came to an end on 15 August 1971.[10]
  9. Bangladesh declared independence from Pakistan on 26 March 1971.[11]
  10. Biafra surrendered to Nigeria on 12 January 1970.[12]
  11. Recognized by Gabon, Ivory Coast, Tanzania, and Zambia.
  12. Bophuthatswana was declared independent on 6 December 1977.[13]
  13. The nominally independent bantustans of Bophuthatswana, Transkei, and Venda were only recognized by South Africa and by each other. The rest of the world regarded them as part of South Africa.
  14. 22 states: Acre, Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Guanabara (to 15 March 1975), Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul (from 11 October 1977), Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 4 territories: Amapá, Fernando de Noronha, Rondônia, Roraima). 1 federal district: Federal District.
  15. Burma adopted a new constitution on 3 January 1974.[14]
  16. Cabinda declared independence from the Portuguese overseas province Angola on 1 August 1975. It was annexed by the independent state of Angola on 11 November 1975.[15]
  17. The constitution of Democratic Kampuchea was adopted on 5 January 1976.
  18. Although the People's Republic of Kampuchea had near total control over the territory of Cambodia from 10 January 1979 on, the majority of the states in the world recognized the former government of Democratic Kampuchea, which retained Cambodia's UN membership. The People's Republic of Kampuchea was mainly recognized by Vietnam and states within the Soviet sphere of influence.
  19. Cameroon adopted its constitution on 2 June 1972.[16]
  20. Cape Verde attained independence from Portugal on 5 July 1975.[19]
  21. The Central African Empire was declared on 4 December 1976.[20]
  22. The Central African Republic was restored on 20 September 1979.[20]
  23. Ceylon was declared a republic on 22 May 1972.[21]
  24. A new constitution for Sri Lanka came into effect on 7 September 1978.[22]
  25. The People's Republic of China and the Republic of China did not recognize each other, as both states claimed to be the sole legitimate government of China. The following states recognized the PRC instead of the ROC: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Argentina (from 19 February 1972), Australia (from 21 December 1972), Austria (from 28 May 1971), Bangladesh (from 4 October 1975), Barbados (from 30 May 1977), Belgium (from 25 October 1971), Botswana (from 6 January 1975), Brazil (from 15 August 1974), Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi (from 13 October 1971), Cambodia, Canada (from 13 October 1970), Cape Verde (from 25 April 1976), Central African Republic, Chad (from 28 November 1972), Chile (from 15 December 1970), Comoros (from 13 November 1975), Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Cuba, Cyprus (from 14 December 1972), Czechoslovakia, Dahomey (from 29 December 1972), Denmark, Djibouti (from 8 January 1979), Egypt, Equatorial Guinea (from 15 October 1970), Ethiopia (from 24 November 1970), Fiji (from 5 November 1975), Finland, France, Gabon (from 20 April 1974), the Gambia (from 14 December 1974), East Germany, West Germany (from 11 October 1972), Ghana, Greece (from 5 June 1972), Guinea, Guinea-Bissau (from 15 March 1974), Guyana (from 27 June 1972), Hungary, Iceland (from 8 December 1971), India, Indonesia, Iran (from 16 August 1971), Iraq, Ireland (from 22 June 1979), Italy (from 6 November 1970), Jamaica (from 21 November 1972), Japan (from 29 September 1972), Jordan (from 7 April 1977), Kenya, North Korea, Kuwait (from 22 March 1971), Laos, Lebanon (from 9 November 1971), Liberia (from 17 February 1977), Libya (from 9 August 1978), Liechtenstein, Luxembourg (from 16 November 1972), Madagascar (from 6 November 1972), Malaysia (from 31 May 1974), Maldives (from 14 October 1972), Mali, Malta (from 31 January 1972), Mauritania, Mauritius (from 15 April 1972), Mexico (from 14 February 1972), Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique (from 25 June 1975), Nepal, Netherlands (recognition accepted on 18 March 1972), New Zealand (from 22 December 1972), Niger (from 20 July 1974), Nigeria (from 10 February 1970), Norway, Oman (from 25 May 1978), Pakistan, Papua New Guinea (from 12 October 1976), Peru (from 2 November 1971), Philippines (from 9 June 1975), Poland, Portugal (from 8 February 1979), Romania, Rwanda (from 12 November 1971), Samoa (from 6 November 1975), San Marino (from 6 May 1971), São Tomé and Príncipe (from 21 July 1975), Senegal (from 7 December 1971), Seychelles (from 30 June 1976), Sierra Leone (from 29 July 1971), Somalia, the Soviet Union, Spain (from 9 March 1973), Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname (from 28 May 1976), Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand (from 1 July 1975), Togo (from 19 September 1972), Trinidad and Tobago (from 20 June 1974), Tunisia, Turkey (from 4 August 1971) Uganda, the United Kingdom (recognition accepted on 13 March 1972), the United States (from 1 January 1979), Upper Volta (from 15 September 1973), Venezuela (from 28 June 1974), North Vietnam, North Yemen, South Yemen, Yugoslavia, and Zambia.
  26. The Comoros became independent from France on 6 July 1975.[23]
  27. The Comoros enacted a new constitution on 1 October 1978.[24]
  28. The Democratic Republic of the Congo was renamed Zaire on 27 October 1961.[25]
  29. Congo became a "People's Republic" on 3 January 1970.[26]
  30. Cyprus was not recognized by Turkey.
  31. Owing to a dispute over lands seized during World War II, Liechtenstein and Czechoslovakia did not recognize each other.
  32. Dahomey was renamed Benin on 30 November 1975.[28]
  33. The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas gained independence as Djibouti on 27 June 1977.[29]
  34. Dominica gained independence from the United Kingdom on 3 November 1978.[30]
  35. East Timor declared independence from Portugal on 28 November 1975. It was invaded and occupied by Indonesia on 7 December 1975, it also had a provisional government and annexed outright on 17 July 1976, though the legality of the declaration and annexation were not widely-recognized.[31]
  36. Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia was deposed by the Derg on 12 September 1974.[32]
  37. Fiji gained independence from the United Kingdom on 10 October 1970.[33]
  38. Comoros declared independence on 6 July 1975 and was recognized by France on 31 December 1975, but the island of Mayotte remained under French administration. A separate administration for Mayotte was not formally established until 24 December 1976.
  39. The Gambia became a republic on 24 April 1970.[34]
  40. King Constantine II of Greece was deposed by the Regime of the Colonels on 1 June 1973.[36] The end of the monarchy was confirmed by plebiscite on 8 December 1974 and a new Republican constitution was enacted on 11 June 1975.
  41. Grenada became independent from the United Kingdom on 7 February 1974.[37]
  42. The New Jewel Movement proclaimed the socialist republic on 13 March 1979.
  43. Guinea-Bissau unilaterally declared independence from Portugal on 24 September 1973.[38]
  44. Guyana became a republic on 23 February 1970.[39]
  45. The Monarchy of Iran was abolished on 11 February 1979. The Islamic Republic was proclaimed on 1 April 1979.[41]
  46. Ireland also had the legal description of "Republic of Ireland", although this was not its constitutional name.
  47. Israel was not recognized by Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Chad, Cuba, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
  48. The People's Republic of Kampuchea was declared on 10 January 1979.[42]
  49. Kiribati gained independence from the United Kingdom on 12 July 1979.[43]
  50. North Korea was not recognized by Estonia, France, Japan, or South Korea.
  51. South Korea was not recognized by the Soviet Union, China, Romania or North Korea.
  52. Savang Vatthana abdicated his throne on 2 December 1975.[44]
  53. The Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya was declared on 2 March 1977.[45]
  54. Madagascar adopted a new constitution on 30 December 1975.[46]
  55. Malta became a republic on 13 December 1974.[48]
  56. Mozambique declared independence from Portugal on 25 June 1975.[50]
  57. The Republic of the North Solomons declared independence from the Australian-administered Trust Territory of Papua and New Guinea on 1 September 1975.[52][53] The North Solomons gave up their claim of independence on 7 August 1976.[54][55]
  58. Papua New Guinea gained independence from an Australian-administered UN Trusteeship on 16 September 1975.[57]
  59. Qatar gained independence from the United Kingdom on 3 September 1971.[58]
  60. Ras al-Khaimah became fully independent when the British Protectorate over the Trucial States came to an end on 1 December 1971. On 11 February 1972 it joined the United Arab Emirates.[59]
  61. Rhodesia became a republic on 2 March 1970.[60]
  62. The interim state of Zimbabwe Rhodesia was established on 1 June 1979.[61]
  63. Zimbabwe Rhodesia reverted to the UK's rule on 12 December 1979.[62]
  64. Rwanda's official French name was "République rwandaise".[63][64] It could be translated into English as "Rwandese Republic",[65] "Rwandan Republic",[66] or "Republic of Rwanda"[67]
  65. The date the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic declared its independence on.[68]
  66. Saint Lucia gained independence from the United Kingdom on 22 February 1979.[69]
  67. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gained independence from the United Kingdom on 27 October 1979.[70]
  68. São Tomé and Príncipe gained independence from Portugal on 12 July 1975.[71]
  69. The Seychelles gained independence from the United Kingdom on 29 June 1976.[72]
  70. Sierra Leone became a republic on 19 April 1971.[73]
  71. The Solomon Islands gained independence from the United Kingdom on 7 July 1978.[74]
  72. Spain enacted a new constitution on 29 December 1978.[77]
  73. Suriname gained independence from the Netherlands on 25 November 1975.[79]
  74. Tanna declared independence from the New Hebrides on 24 March 1974. The rebellion was put down on 29 June 1974.[81]
  75. Tonga gained independence from the United Kingdom on 4 June 1970.[82]
  76. The South African bantustan of Transkei was declared independent on 26 October 1976.[83]
  77. Trinidad and Tobago became a republic on 1 March 1976.[84]
  78. Tuvalu became independent from the United Kingdom on 1 October 1978.[85]
  79. The United Kingdom considered the Canton and Enderbury Islands to be part of its Gilbert Islands colony from 1 January 1975. The United States continued to claim the islands until 20 September 1979.
  80. Venda gained nominal independence on 13 September 1979.[89]
  81. North Vietnam and South Vietnam united to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 2 July 1976.[91]
  82. Saigon fell to the North Vietnamese on 30 April 1975, leading to the establishment of the Republic of South Vietnam.[91]
  83. South Yemen was renamed on 1 December 1970.[92]
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