Martín Fierro is a 2,316 line epic poem by the Argentine writer José Hernández. The poem was originally published in two parts, El Gaucho Martín Fierro (1872) and La Vuelta de Martín Fierro (1879). The poem is, in part, a protest against the modernist tendencies of Argentine president Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. As well, the poem supplied a historical link to the gauchos' contribution to the national development of Argentina, for the gaucho had played a major role in Argentina's independence from Spain. The poem, written in a Spanish that evokes rural Argentina, is widely seen as the pinnacle of the genre of "gauchesque" poetry (poems centered around the life of the gaucho, written in a style that evokes the rural Argentine ballads known as payadas) and a touchstone of Argentine national identity. It has appeared in literally hundreds of editions and has been translated into over 70 languages. It has earned major commentaries from, among others, Leopoldo Lugones, Miguel de Unamuno, Jorge Luis Borges (seeBorges on Martín Fierro) and Rafael Squirru. (Fullarticle...)
Image 13Néstor Kirchner served as President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007. His presidency marked the ideology called Kirchnerism. (from History of Argentina)
Image 18The ousting of President Arturo Illia was initially broadly supported but later deeply regretted by the Argentine population. (from History of Argentina)
Image 23Artifacts at the Pío Pablo Díaz Museum in Cachi, Salta Province. One of several in Argentina devoted to the ethnology of indigenous peoples (from Indigenous peoples in Argentina)
Image 25The changing state of Argentina. The light green area was allocated to indigenous peoples, the light pink area was the Liga Federal, the hatched areas are subject to change during the period. (from History of Argentina)
Let us remember to our people that the fatherland is not only the land. We had the land three centuries ago, and we only have fatherland since 1810. The fatherland is freedom, is the order, wealth, civilization organized in the native ground under its teaching and in its name.
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