Native American and First Nations ethnic group

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sioux</span>

Sioux

<p>The <b>Sioux</b> or <b>Oceti Sakowin</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/en/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English" class="wl">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span>s</span><span>uː</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/en/Dakota_language" title="Dakota language" class="wl">Dakota</a>: <span><i lang="dak">Očhéthi Šakówiŋ</i></span> <a href="/en/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA" class="wl">/otʃʰeːtʰi ʃakoːwĩ/</a>) are groups of <a href="/en/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States" class="wl">Native American tribes</a> and <a href="/en/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada" class="wl">First Nations</a> peoples in North America. The modern Sioux consist of two major divisions based on <a href="/en/Siouan_languages" title="Siouan languages" class="wl">language divisions</a>: the <b><a href="/en/Dakota_people" title="Dakota people" class="wl">Dakota</a></b> and <b><a href="/en/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people" class="wl">Lakota</a></b>; collectively they are known as the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ ("Seven Council Fires"). The term "Sioux" is an <a href="/en/Exonym" title="Exonym" class="mw-redirect wl">exonym</a> created from a <a href="/en/French_language" title="French language" class="wl">French</a> transcription ("Nadouessioux") of the <a href="/en/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language" class="wl">Ojibwe</a> term "Nadowessi", and can refer to any ethnic group within the <a href="/en/Great_Sioux_Nation" title="Great Sioux Nation" class="mw-redirect wl">Great Sioux Nation</a> or to any of the nation's many language dialects.</p>

<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none" about="#mwt1">Native American and First Nations ethnic group</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><div class='mobile-collapse'><header class="mobile-collapse-header mobile-collapse-btn"><b>Quick facts: Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, Total population, Regions wi...</b> <span class='arrow'>▼</span></header> <table class="infobox vcard mobile-collapse-element"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Sioux</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><i>Očhéthi Šakówiŋ</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size"><a href="/en/File:En-chief-sitting-bull.jpg" class="mw-file-description image media-thumb" data-hash="File:En-chief-sitting-bull.jpg"><img loading="lazy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/En-chief-sitting-bull.jpg/220px-En-chief-sitting-bull.jpg" decoding="async" data-file-width="2129" data-file-height="3052" data-file-type="bitmap" height="315" width="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/En-chief-sitting-bull.jpg/330px-En-chief-sitting-bull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/En-chief-sitting-bull.jpg/440px-En-chief-sitting-bull.jpg 2x" alt="En-chief-sitting-bull.jpg"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/en/Sitting_Bull" title="Sitting Bull" class="wl">Sitting Bull</a>, a <a href="/en/Hunkpapa" title="Hunkpapa" class="wl">Hunkpapa</a> <a href="/en/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people" class="wl">Lakota</a> chief and <a href="/en/Sacred_(comparative_religion)" title="Sacred (comparative religion)" class="mw-redirect wl">holy man</a>, <abbr>c.</abbr> 1831 – December 15, 1890.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">170,110 (2010)<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="#cite_note-1" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 1;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[1]</span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">US: (<a href="/en/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota" class="wl">SD</a>, <a href="/en/Minnesota" title="Minnesota" class="wl">MN</a>, <a href="/en/Nebraska" title="Nebraska" class="wl">NE</a>, <a href="/en/Montana" title="Montana" class="wl">MT</a>, <a href="/en/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota" class="wl">ND</a>, <a href="/en/Iowa" title="Iowa" class="wl">IA</a>, <a href="/en/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin" class="wl">WI</a>, <a href="/en/Illinois" title="Illinois" class="wl">IL</a>, <a href="/en/Wyoming" title="Wyoming" class="wl">WY</a>)<br>Canada: (<a href="/en/Manitoba" title="Manitoba" class="wl">MB</a>, <a href="/en/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan" class="wl">SK</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/en/Sioux_language" title="Sioux language" class="wl">Sioux language</a> (<a href="/en/Lakota_language" title="Lakota language" class="wl">Lakota</a>, <a href="/en/Western_Dakota_language" title="Western Dakota language" class="mw-redirect wl">Western Dakota</a>, <a href="/en/Eastern_Dakota" title="Eastern Dakota" class="mw-redirect wl">Eastern Dakota</a>), <a href="/en/Assiniboine_language" title="Assiniboine language" class="wl">Assiniboine</a>, <a href="/en/Stoney_language" title="Stoney language" class="wl">Stoney</a>, <a href="/en/English_language" title="English language" class="wl">English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/en/Christianity" title="Christianity" class="wl">Christianity</a> (incl. <a href="/en/Religious_syncretism" title="Religious syncretism" class="wl">syncretistic</a> forms), traditional religion</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/en/Assiniboine" title="Assiniboine" class="wl">Assiniboine</a>, <a href="/en/Dakota_people" title="Dakota people" class="wl">Dakota</a>, <a href="/en/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people" class="wl">Lakota</a>, <a href="/en/Nakoda_(Stoney)" title="Nakoda (Stoney)" class="mw-redirect wl">Nakoda (Stoney)</a>, and other Siouan-speaking peoples </td></tr></tbody></table> <footer class='mobile-collapse-footer mobile-collapse-btn'><b>Close</b> <span class='arrow'>▲</span></footer></div>

<p>Before the 17th century, the <a href="/en/Dakota_people" title="Dakota people" class="wl">Santee Dakota</a> (<span><i lang="dak">Isáŋyathi</i></span>; "Knife" also known as the Eastern Dakota) lived around <a href="/en/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior" class="wl">Lake Superior</a> with territories in present-day northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. They gathered <a href="/en/Wild_rice" title="Wild rice" class="wl">wild rice</a>, hunted woodland animals and used canoes to fish. Wars with the <a href="/en/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe" class="wl">Ojibwe</a> throughout the 1700s pushed the Dakota into southern Minnesota, where the Western Dakota (Yankton, Yanktonai) and Teton (Lakota) were residing. In the 1800s, the Dakota signed treaties with the United States, ceding much of their land in Minnesota. Failure of the United States to make treaty payments on time, as well as low food supplies, led to the <a href="/en/Dakota_War_of_1862" title="Dakota War of 1862" class="wl">Dakota War of 1862</a>, which resulted in the Dakota being exiled from Minnesota to numerous reservations in Nebraska, North and South Dakota and Canada. After 1870, the Dakota people began to return to Minnesota, creating the present-day reservations in the state. The Yankton and Yanktonai Dakota (<span><i lang="dak">Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ</i></span> and <span><i lang="dak">Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna</i></span>; "Village-at-the-end" and "Little village-at-the-end"), collectively also referred to by the <a href="/en/Exonym_and_endonym" title="Exonym and endonym" class="mw-redirect wl">endonym</a> <span><i lang="dak">Wičhíyena</i></span>, resided in the <a href="/en/Minnesota_River" title="Minnesota River" class="wl">Minnesota River</a> area before ceding their land and moving to South Dakota in 1858. Despite ceding their lands, their treaty with the U.S. government allowed them to maintain their traditional role in the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ as the caretakers of the <a href="/en/Pipestone_National_Monument" title="Pipestone National Monument" class="wl">Pipestone Quarry</a>, which is the cultural center of the Sioux people. They are considered to be the Western Dakota (also called middle Sioux), and have in the past been erroneously classified as <a href="/en/Nakota" title="Nakota" class="wl">Nakota</a>.<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="#cite_note-2" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 2;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[2]</span></a></span> The actual Nakota are the <a href="/en/Assiniboine" title="Assiniboine" class="wl">Assiniboine</a> and <a href="/en/Nakoda_(Stoney)" title="Nakoda (Stoney)" class="mw-redirect wl">Stoney</a> of <a href="/en/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada" class="wl">Western Canada</a> and <a href="/en/Montana" title="Montana" class="wl">Montana</a>.</p>

<p>The <a href="/en/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people" class="wl">Lakota</a>, also called Teton (<span><i lang="dak">Thítȟuŋwaŋ</i></span>; possibly "dwellers on the prairie"), are the westernmost Sioux, known for their <a href="/en/Plains_Indians" title="Plains Indians" class="wl">hunting and warrior culture</a>. With the arrival of the horse in the 1700s, the Lakota would become the most powerful tribe on the Plains by the 1850s. They fought the United States Army in the <a href="/en/Sioux_Wars" title="Sioux Wars" class="wl">Sioux Wars</a> including defeating the <a href="/en/7th_Cavalry_Regiment" title="7th Cavalry Regiment" class="wl">7th Cavalry Regiment</a> at the <a href="/en/Battle_of_Little_Big_Horn" title="Battle of Little Big Horn" class="mw-redirect wl">Battle of Little Big Horn</a>. The armed conflicts with the U.S. ended with the <a href="/en/Wounded_Knee_Massacre" title="Wounded Knee Massacre" class="wl">Wounded Knee Massacre</a>.</p>

<p>Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the Dakota and Lakota would continue to fight for their <a href="/en/Treaty_rights" title="Treaty rights" class="wl">treaty rights</a>, including the <a href="/en/Wounded_Knee_incident" title="Wounded Knee incident" class="mw-redirect wl">Wounded Knee incident</a>, <a href="/en/Dakota_Access_Pipeline_protests" title="Dakota Access Pipeline protests" class="wl">Dakota Access Pipeline protests</a> and the 1980 <a href="/en/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States" class="wl">Supreme Court</a> case, <i><a href="/en/United_States_v._Sioux_Nation_of_Indians" title="United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians" class="wl">United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians</a></i>, in which the court ruled that tribal lands covered under the <a href="/en/Fort_Laramie_Treaty_of_1868" title="Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868" class="mw-redirect wl">Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868</a> had been taken illegally by the US government, and the tribe was owed compensation plus interest. As of 2018, this amounted to more than $1 billion; the Sioux have refused the payment, demanding instead the <a href="/en/Black_Hills_land_claim" title="Black Hills land claim" class="wl">return of their land</a>. Today, the Sioux maintain many separate tribal governments scattered across several reservations and communities in <a href="/en/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota" class="wl">North Dakota</a>, <a href="/en/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota" class="wl">South Dakota</a>, <a href="/en/Nebraska" title="Nebraska" class="wl">Nebraska</a>, <a href="/en/Minnesota" title="Minnesota" class="wl">Minnesota</a>, and <a href="/en/Montana" title="Montana" class="wl">Montana</a> in the United States; and reserves in Alberta,  <a href="/en/Manitoba" title="Manitoba" class="wl">Manitoba</a>, and <a href="/en/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan" class="wl">Saskatchewan</a> in Canada.</p>



The Sioux or Oceti Sakowin are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America. The modern Sioux consist of two major divisions based on language divisions: the Dakota and Lakota; collectively they are known as the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ . The term "Sioux" is an exonym created from a French transcription of the Ojibwe term "Nadowessi", and can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or to any of the nation's many language dialects. Before the 17th century, the Santee Dakota lived around Lake Superior with territories in present-day northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. They gathered wild rice, hunted woodland animals and used canoes to fish. Wars with the Ojibwe throughout the 1700s pushed the Dakota into southern Minnesota, where the Western Dakota and Teton were residing. In the 1800s, the Dakota signed treaties with the United States, ceding much of their land in Minnesota. Failure of the United States to make treaty payments on time, as well as low food supplies, led to the Dakota War of 1862, which resulted in the Dakota being exiled from Minnesota to numerous reservations in Nebraska, North and South Dakota and Canada. After 1870, the Dakota people began to return to Minnesota, creating the present-day reservations in the state. The Yankton and Yanktonai Dakota , collectively also referred to by the endonym Wičhíyena, resided in the Minnesota River area before ceding their land and moving to South Dakota in 1858. Despite ceding their lands, their treaty with the U.S. government allowed them to maintain their traditional role in the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ as the caretakers of the Pipestone Quarry, which is the cultural center of the Sioux people. They are considered to be the Western Dakota , and have in the past been erroneously classified as Nakota. The actual Nakota are the Assiniboine and Stoney of Western Canada and Montana. 