1954 (MCMLIV ) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar , the 1954th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 954th year of the 2nd millennium , the 54th year of the 20th century , and the 5th year of the 1950s decade.
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1954 .
January
January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting.[1]
January 7 – Georgetown–IBM experiment : The first public demonstration of a machine translation system is held in New York, at the head office of IBM .[2]
January 10 – BOAC Flight 781 , a de Havilland Comet jet plane, disintegrates in mid-air due to metal fatigue , and crashes in the Mediterranean near Elba ; all 35 people on board are killed.[3]
January 12 – Avalanches in Austria kill more than 200.
January 15 – Mau Mau leader Waruhiu Itote is captured in Kenya .[4]
January 17 – In Yugoslavia , Milovan Đilas , one of the leading members of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia , is relieved of his duties.
January 20 – The US-based National Negro Network is established, with 46 member radio stations .
January 21 – The first nuclear-powered submarine , the USS Nautilus , is launched in Groton, Connecticut , by First Lady of the United States Mamie Eisenhower .[5]
January 25 – The foreign ministers of the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union meet at the Berlin Conference .[6]
January 14 : Marilyn weds DiMaggio .
May
May 1 – The Unification Church is founded in South Korea.
May 4 – General Alfredo Stroessner deposes Federico Chaves in a coup d'état in Paraguay ; from August 15 he will hold the office of President until 1989 .
May 6 – Roger Bannister runs the first sub-four minute mile , in Oxford , England.
May 7 – Vietnam War (run-up): The Battle of Dien Bien Phu ends in a French defeat (the battle began on March 13 ).
May 8 – The Asian Football Confederation (AFC) is formed in Manila , Philippines .
May 11 – U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles declares that Indochina is important but not essential to the security of Southeast Asia, thus ending any prospect of American intervention on the side of France.
May 14
May 15 – The Latin Union (Unión Latina ) is created by the Convention of Madrid . Its member countries use the five Romance languages : Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian. It suspended operations in 2012 .
May 16 – Beginning of the Kengir uprising in the Gulag .[11]
May 17
May 20 – Chiang Kai-shek is re-elected as the president of the Republic of China , by the National Assembly .
May 22 – The common Nordic Labour Market act is signed.
May 26 – A fire on board the U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Bennington , off Narragansett Bay , Massachusetts , kills 103 sailors.
May 29
June
June 6 – The grand opening of the sculpture of Yuriy Dolgorukiy takes place in Moscow (this statue is one of the main monuments of Moscow).
June 7 – English cryptanalyst, mathematician and computer scientist Alan Turing , age 41, commits suicide by cyanide poisoning.
June 9 – McCarthyism : Joseph N. Welch , special counsel for the United States Army, lashes out at Senator Joseph McCarthy , during hearings on whether Communism has infiltrated the Army, saying, "Have you, at long last, no decency?"[13]
June 14 – The words "under God" are added to the United States Pledge of Allegiance .
June 15 – The UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) is formed in Basel , Switzerland.
June 17 – A CIA-engineered military coup occurs in Guatemala .
June 18 – Pierre Mendès France becomes prime minister of France.
June 22
June 27
July
July 1
The Common Nordic Labor Market Act comes into effect.
The United States officially begins using the international unit of the nautical mile, equal to 6,076.11549 ft. or 1,852 meters.
July 4
July 10 – Peter Thomson becomes the first Australian to win the British Open Golf Championship .
July 15
July 17 – First Indochina War : Viet Minh troops successfully ambush the armoured French column 'G.M. 42' in the Battle of Chu Dreh Pass in the Central Highlands . It is the last battle of the war.[14]
July 19 – Release of Elvis Presley 's first single, a cover of "That's All Right ", by Sun Records (recorded July 5 in Memphis, Tennessee ).
July 21 – First Indochina War : The Geneva Conference sends French forces to the south, and Vietnamese forces to the north, of a ceasefire line, and calls for elections to decide the government for all of Vietnam by July 1956. Failure to abide by the terms of the agreement leads to the establishment of the de facto regimes of North Vietnam and South Vietnam , and the Vietnam War .
July 29 – The construction of Yad Vashem started in Jerusalem. It is an official memorial center to commemorate the victims of the persecution of the Jews by the Nazis and their accomplices in Europe.
July 29 – The Fellowship of the Ring , the first of three volumes in J.R.R. Tolkien's epic fantasy novel, The Lord of the Rings , is published in London.
July 31 – 1954 Italian expedition to K2 : Italian mountaineers Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni become the first to reach the summit of the second highest mountain in the world, in the Karakoram range.
August
August 1 – The First Indochina War ends with the Vietnam People's Army in North Vietnam , the Vietnamese National Army in South Vietnam , the Kingdom of Cambodia in Cambodia , and the Kingdom of Laos in Laos , emerging victorious against the French Army.
August 6 – Emilie Dionne, one of the Dionne quintuplets , dies of asphyxiation following an epileptic seizure . She is the first of the Canadian five to perish; three live into the 21st century.
August 16 – The first issue of Sports Illustrated magazine is published in the United States.
August 23 – A United States Air Force Lockheed C-130 Hercules makes its first flight at Burbank, California , manufactured by Lockheed Martin .
August 24 – Brazilian president Getúlio Vargas commits suicide, after being accused of involvement in a conspiracy to murder his chief political opponent, Carlos Lacerda .
September
September 6 – The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) treaty is signed in Manila , Philippines .
September 8 – SEATO is established in Bangkok , Thailand .
September 9 – The 6.7 Chlef earthquake shakes northern Algeria , with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme ). The shock destroys Orléansville , leaving 1,243–1,409 dead, and 5,000 injured.
September 11 – The Miss America Pageant is broadcast on television for the first time.
September 14
September 15 – Black Wednesday in air travel: severe delays to flights, due to bad weather, occur along the East Coast of the United States .
September 17 – William Golding 's allegorical dystopian novel Lord of the Flies is published in London.
September 18 – Finnish president J. K. Paasikivi is the first Western head of state to be awarded the highest honor of the Soviet Union , the Order of Lenin .[15] [16]
September 20 – The first Moomins comic strip is published in the London newspaper The Evening News .[17]
September 25 – Footscray Football Club wins their first Australian Football League Grand Final .
September 26 – Japanese ferry Tōya Maru sinks during a typhoon in the Tsugaru Strait . More than 1,100 people are killed, 7 other ships are wrecked , and at least nine others seriously damaged.
September 27 – The Tonight Show first airs on live television on NBC in the United States being the first late night talk show.
September 30 – The USS Nautilus (SSN-571) , the first nuclear-powered submarine in the world, is commissioned into the U.S. Navy .
November
November 1 – The FLN attacks representative and public buildings of the French colonial power.
November 2
November 3 – The first Godzilla film premieres in Tokyo.
November 5 – Japan and Burma sign a peace treaty in Rangoon , to end their long-extinct state of war.
November 10 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower dedicates the USMC War Memorial (Iwo Jima Memorial), at the Arlington National Cemetery.
November 12 – The main immigration port-of-entry in New York Harbor at Ellis Island closes permanently.
November 13 – Great Britain defeats France , to capture the first ever Rugby League World Cup in Paris in front of around 30,000 spectators
November 14 – Egyptian president Muhammad Naguib is deposed, and Gamal Abdel Nasser replaces him.
November 22 – Berman v. Parker (348 U.S. 26): The U.S. Supreme Court upholds the federal slum clearance and urban renewal programs.
November 23 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average rises 3.27 points, or 0.86 percent, closing at an all-time high of 382.74. More significantly, this is the first time the Dow has surpassed its peak level, reached just before the Wall Street Crash of 1929 .
November 30 – In Sylacauga, Alabama , a four-kilogram piece of the Hodges Meteorite crashes through the roof of a house and badly bruises a napping woman, in the first documented case of an object from outer space hitting a person.
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January
Kailash Satyarthi
Howard Stern
Katey Sagal
Oprah Winfrey
January 1
January 3 – Ross the Boss , American heavy metal/punk guitarist
January 4
January 5 – Alex English , American basketball player
January 6 – Anthony Minghella , British film, theatre director (d. 2008 )
January 7
January 8 – Julieta Castellanos , Honduran sociologist
January 11 – Kailash Satyarthi , Indian activist, Nobel Peace Prize laureate
January 11 – Balachandra Menon , Indian Malayalam film director and actor
January 12 – Howard Stern , American radio host
January 13 – Trevor Rabin , South African–American musician
January 14 – Masanobu Fuchi , Japanese professional wrestler
January 16 – Morten P. Meldal , Danish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate[22]
January 17 – Robert F. Kennedy Jr. , environmental lawyer, 2024 United States presidential election candidate
January 19
January 21 – Thomas de Maizière , German politician
January 22 – Peter Pilz , Austrian politician
January 23
January 28
January 29
January 31 – Mark Slavin , Israeli wrestler (d. 1972 )
February
Bill Mumy
Andrei Karlov
Matt Groening
Rene Russo
John Travolta
Anthony Head
Viktor Yushchenko
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
February 1 – Bill Mumy , American actor, musician (Lost In Space )[29]
February 2 – Christie Brinkley , American model[30]
February 4 – Andrei Karlov , Russian diplomat (d. 2016 )[31]
February 7 – Dieter Bohlen , German music producer and singer-songwriter (Modern Talking , Blue System )[32]
February 9 – Gina Rinehart , Australian mining tycoon
February 11 – Noriyuki Asakura , Japanese composer
February 12
February 13 – Donnie Moore , American baseball player (d. 1989 )
February 15 – Matt Groening , American cartoonist (The Simpsons )
February 16
February 17
February 18
February 19
February 20
February 23 – Viktor Yushchenko , President of Ukraine
February 24 – Sid Meier , Canadian programmer, game designer, notable for the Civilization series
February 25 – Gerardo Pelusso , Uruguayan football manager
February 26 – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , 12th President of Turkey
April
Jackie Chan
Dennis Quaid
Angelika Hellmann
Jerry Seinfeld
April 1 – Dieter Müller , German soccer player
April 2 – Susumu Hirasawa , Japanese musician
April 5 – Guy Bertrand , Canadian linguist, radio/television personality
April 7
April 8 – Gary Carter , American baseball player (d. 2012 )
April 9
April 10
April 14
April 16 – Ellen Barkin , American actress
April 17
April 22 – Jōji Nakata , Japanese voice actor
April 23
April 25
Randy Cross , American football analyst and former player
April 27
April 28 – Michael Daugherty , American composer
April 29
April 30 – Jane Campion , New Zealand screenwriter, producer, and director
May
Johnny Logan
David Paterson
Townsend Coleman
May 1
May 2 – Elliot Goldenthal , American composer
May 5 – David Azulai , Israeli politician (d. 2018 )
May 6 – Angela Hernández Nuñez , Dominican writer
May 7
May 8 – Pam Arciero , Hawaiian-born puppeteer (Sesame Street )
May 10 – Amos Guttman , Israeli film director (d. 1993 )
May 13 – Johnny Logan , Australian-born Irish singer, composer and Eurovision Song Contest winner (1980, 1987) dubbed as "Mister Eurovision"
May 14
May 19
May 20 – David Paterson , American politician, 55th Governor of New York
May 22 – Shuji Nakamura , Japanese electronics engineer
May 25
May 27
May 28 – John Tory , Canadian politician
May 29 – Pankaj Kapur , Indian actor
June
Dennis Haysbert
Harvey Fierstein
Jim Belushi
Kathleen Turner
Michael Anthony
Huda Zoghbi
June 2
June 4 – Kazuhiro Yamaji , Japanese actor, voice actor
June 5
June 6 – Harvey Fierstein , American actor
June 9
June 10 – Kurt Walker , American ice hockey player (d. 2018 )
June 13 – Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala , Nigerian-born Director-General of the World Trade Organization[37]
June 14 – Will Patton , American actor
June 15
June 16 – Sergey Kuryokhin , Russian pianist, composer, improvisor, performance artist and actor (d. 1996 )
June 19
June 20
June 21 – Chip Ingram , American Christian pastor, author and orator
June 22
June 23 – Carme Pinós , Spanish architect[38]
June 24 – Chang San-cheng , Taiwanese politician
June 25
June 26 – Steve Barton , American actor (d. 2001 )
June 27
June 28
June 29
June 30
July
Andre Dawson
Mario Kempes
Angela Merkel
Edward Natapei
Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
Jorge Jesus
Hugo Chávez
July 1
July 2
July 3 – Pennie Lane Trumbull , American socialite, philanthropist, businesswoman, and entrepreneur
July 4 – Anne Lambton , British actress
July 5
July 6 – Willie Randolph , American baseball player, coach, manager
July 7
July 8
July 9 – Kevin O'Leary , Canadian businessman, television personality, and political candidate
July 10
July 11 – Alejandro Camacho , Mexican actor and producer
July 12
July 13 – Sezen Aksu , Turkish singer
July 15
July 17
July 18 – Franziska Troegner , German actress
July 19 – Verica Kalanović , Serbian politician
July 20
July 21 – Otto Jespersen , Norwegian comedian, actor and television personality
July 22 – Pierre Lebeau , Canadian actor
July 24 – Jorge Jesus , Portuguese football player and coach
July 25 – Walter Payton , African-American football player (d. 1999 )
July 26
July 27
July 28 – Hugo Chávez , President of Venezuela (d. 2013 )
September
Carly Fiorina
Cherie Blair
September 1 – Dave Lumley , Canadian ice hockey player
September 2
September 5 – Danny Masterton , Scottish footballer (d. 2020 )
September 6 – Carly Fiorina , American businesswoman, CEO of HP (1999-2005) and Senator Ted Cruz 's running mate in the 2016 presidential election
September 7
September 9 – Mohsen Rezaee , Iranian politician
September 10 – Mark W. Everson , American businessman; 46th Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service (2003–07)
September 15 – Nava Semel , Israeli author and playwright (d. 2017 )
September 16 – Ashrita Furman , American record breaker
September 18 – Dennis Johnson , American basketball player (d. 2007 )
September 21
September 23 – Cherie Blair , lawyer, wife of British Prime Minister Tony Blair
September 24 – Lilian Mercedes Letona , Salvadoran guerrilla (d. 1983 )
September 26 – Kevin Kennedy , American baseball manager and television host
September 28
September 30 – Barry Williams , American actor
November
Kamal Haasan
Condoleezza Rice
Aleksander Kwaśniewski
Paolo Gentiloni
November 2 – Angela Webber , Australian author, television writer, producer and comedian (d. 2007 )
November 3
November 5
November 6 – Karin Fossum , Norwegian crime fiction writer
November 7
Robin Beck , American singer
Kamal Haasan , Indian actor, dancer, film director, screenwriter, producer and politician
Jon Taffer , American bar consultant, television host and author
November 8
Michael D. Brown , first Undersecretary of Emergency Preparedness and Response, a division of the United States' Department of Homeland Security
Kazuo Ishiguro , Japanese-born British author, Nobel Prize laureate
November 11 – Mary Gaitskill , American novelist
November 12 – Rhonda Shear , American television hostess, actress and comedian
November 13 – Chris Noth , American actor
November 14
November 15
November 16 – Bruce Edwards , American golf caddy (d. 2004 )
November 19
November 22 – Paolo Gentiloni , Prime Minister of Italy [41]
November 23
November 26
November 27
November 28 – Marty Grabstein , American actor and voice actor
November 29 – Joel Coen , American film director, producer, screenwriter and editor
November – Pierre M'Pelé , African public health personality and writer[42]
December
Tony Todd
Jermaine Jackson
Uli Jon Roth
Denzel Washington
December 2 – Dan Butler , American actor and voice actor
December 4 – Tony Todd , American actor and producer
December 6 – Beat Furrer , Swiss-born Austrian composer and conductor
December 8 – Sumi Shimamoto , Japanese voice actress
December 9 – Jean-Claude Juncker , Luxembourg politician
December 11
December 13 – John Anderson , American country music singer-songwriter
December 14
December 15 – Mark Warner , American politician
December 18 – Ray Liotta , American actor and producer (Goodfellas ) (d. 2022 )
December 20
December 21 – Chris Evert , American tennis player
December 23 – Brian Teacher , American tennis player[43]
December 24 – José María Figueres , Costa Rican politician, President (1994 –1998 )
December 25
December 26
December 28
December 29
December 31 – Alex Salmond , (d. 2024 ) Scottish politician[45]
September
September 2 – Franz Leopold Neumann , German political activist and Marxist theorist (b. 1900 )
September 3 – Eugene Pallette , American actor (b. 1889 )
September 5 – Eugen Schiffer , German politician (b. 1860 )
September 7 – Bud Fisher , American cartoonist (b. 1885 )[62]
September 8 – André Derain , French artist, painter and sculptor (b. 1880 )
September 21 – Kokichi Mikimoto , Japanese pearl farm pioneer (b. 1858 )[63]
September 25 – Eugenio d'Ors , Spanish writer (b. 1881 )
September 26 – Ellen Roosevelt , American tennis player (b. 1868 )
September 27 – Maximilian von Weichs , German field marshal (b. 1881 )
September 28 – Bert Lytell , American actor (b. 1885 )
September 29 – Martin Wetzer , Finnish general (b. 1868 )
November
Henri Matisse
Enrico Fermi
Wilhelm Furtwängler
November 3 – Henri Matisse , French painter (b. 1869 )[64]
November 10 – Édouard Le Roy , French philosopher and mathematician (b. 1870 )
November 13 – Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist , German field marshal (b. 1881 )
November 15 – Lionel Barrymore , American actor (b. 1878 )
November 16 – Albert Francis Blakeslee , American botanist (b. 1874 )
November 20 – Clyde Cessna , American aviator and aircraft designer and manufacturer, founder of the Cessna Aircraft Corporation (b. 1879 )
November 22
November 28 – Enrico Fermi , Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1901 )[65]
November 30 – Wilhelm Furtwängler , German conductor (b. 1886 )
"701 Translator" . 701 Reference room. IBM Archives . January 8, 1954. Retrieved November 4, 2022 .
Willbanks, James H. (2013). Vietnam War Almanac: an In-Depth Guide to the Most Controversial Conflict in American History . New York: Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. ISBN 9781626365285 . OCLC 855969323 .
Logevall, Fredrik (2012). Embers of War: The Fall of an Empire and the Making of America's Vietnam . Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-64519-1 .
Jakobson, Max (1978). Paasikivi Tukholmassa: J. K. Paasikiven toiminta Suomen lähettiläänä Tukholmassa 1936–39 (in Finnish). Helsinki: Otava. pp. 155–156. ISBN 951-1-05126-1 .
"Women to watch in 2022". The Guardian . London. January 1, 2022. p. 38.
Dollens, Dennis L., ed. (1990). The Architecture of Enric Miralles and Carme Pinós . New York: SITES/Lumen. ISBN 093082914X .
"Armstrong, FM Inventor, Dies In Leap From East Side Suite". The New York Times . February 2, 1954. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331 . Maj. Edwin H. Armstrong, whose inventions provided much of the basis for modern broadcasting, was found dead yesterday morning on a third-floor balcony of River House, 435 East Fifty-second Street. The 63-year-old electrical engineer had plunged from a window of his luxurious thirteenth-floor apartment, apparently late Sunday evening or during the night.
Lengermann, Patricia M.; Niebrugge-Brantley, Jill (1998). "Marianne Weber (1870- 1954): A Woman-Centered Sociology". The Women Founders: Sociology and Social Theory, 1830-1930 : a Text/reader . Boston: McGraw-Hill. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-57766-509-0 .
Portuges, Catherine; Jouve, Nicole Ward (1994). "Colette". In Sartori, Eva Martin; Zimmerman, Dorothy Wynne (eds.). French Women Writers . University of Nebraska Press. pp. 80–81. ISBN 0803292244 .
Schneider, Pierre (1984). Matisse . New York: George Braziller. p. 740. ISBN 0500091668 .