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Foreign relations of Denmark

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Foreign relations of Denmark

The foreign policy of Denmark is based on its identity as a sovereign state in Europe, the Arctic and the North Atlantic. As such its primary foreign policy focus is on its relations with other nations as a sovereign state compromising the three constituent countries: Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Denmark has long had good relations with other nations. It has been involved in coordinating Western assistance to the Baltic states (Estonia,[1] Latvia, and Lithuania).[2]

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U.S. President George W. Bush and Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen hold a joint press conference outside Marienborg, July 2005.
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Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen hold a joint press conference, April 2010.

The country is a strong supporter of international peacekeeping. Danish forces were heavily engaged in the former Yugoslavia in the UN Protection Force (UNPROFOR), with IFOR,[3] and now SFOR.[4] Denmark also strongly supported American operations in Afghanistan and has contributed both monetarily and materially to the ISAF.[5] These initiatives are a part of the "active foreign policy" of Denmark.

Instead of the traditional adaptative foreign policy of The unity of the Realm, Kingdom of Denmark is today pursuing an active foreign policy, where human rights, democracy and other crucial values are to be defended actively. In recent years, Greenland and the Faroe Islands have been guaranteed a say in foreign policy issues, such as fishing, whaling and geopolitical concerns.

Following World War II, Denmark ended its two-hundred-year-long policy of neutrality. Denmark has been a member of NATO since its founding in 1949, and membership in NATO remains highly popular.[6] There were several serious confrontations between the U.S. and Denmark on security policy in the so-called "footnote era" (1982–88), when an alternative parliamentary majority forced the government to adopt specific national positions on nuclear and arms control issues.

The alternative majority in these issues was because the Social liberal Party (Radikale Venstre) supported the governing majority in economic policy issues, but was against certain NATO policies and voted with the left in these issues. The conservative led Centre-right government accepted this variety of "minority parliamentarism", that is, without making it a question of the government's parliamentary survival.[6] With the end of the Cold War, Denmark has been supportive of U.S. policy objectives in the Alliance.

Danes have a reputation as "reluctant" Europeans. When they rejected ratification of the Maastricht Treaty on 2 June 1992, they put the EC's plans for the European Union on hold.[7] In December 1992, the rest of the EC agreed to exempt Denmark from certain aspects of the European Union, including a common security and defense policy, a common currency, EU citizenship, and certain aspects of legal cooperation. The Amsterdam Treaty was approved in the referendum of 28 May 1998.

In the autumn of 2000, Danish citizens rejected membership of the Euro currency group in a referendum. The Lisbon treaty was ratified by the Danish parliament alone.[8] It was not considered a surrendering of national sovereignty, which would have implied the holding of a referendum according to article 20 of the constitution.[9]

History

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Main article: History of Denmark

In 1807 Denmark was neutral but Britain bombarded Copenhagen and seized the Danish Navy, Denmark became an ally of Napoleon. After Napoleon was profoundly defeated in Russia in 1812, the Allies repeatedly offered King Frederick VI a proposal to change sides and break with Napoleon. The king refused. Therefore, at the peace of Kiel in 1814, Denmark was forced to cede Norway to Sweden. Denmark thus became one of the chief losers of the Napoleonic Wars. Danish historiography portrayed King Frederick VI as stubborn and incompetent, and motivated by a blind loyalty to Napoleon. A more recent Danish historiographical approach emphasizes the Danish state was multi-territorial, and included the semi – separate Kingdom of Norway. It was dependent for food on grain imports controlled by Napoleon, and worried about Swedish ambitions. From the king's perspective, these factors called for an alliance with Napoleon. Furthermore, the king expected the war would end in a negotiated international conference, with Napoleon playing a powerful role that included saving Norway for Denmark.[10][11]

1900–1945

Further information: Denmark in World War II

The Danish government responded to the First World War by declaring neutrality 1914–1918. It maintained that status until 1945 and accordingly adjusted trade; humanitarianism; diplomacy; and attitudes. The war thus reshaped economic relations and shifting domestic power balances.[12]

1990–

Since the end of the Cold War, Denmark has become more supportive of U.S. foreign policy. Denmark supported the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003 and contributed assets to the invasion.[13][14] Denmark also participated in the Afghanistan War.[13] Denmark increased its participation in military and peacekeeping operations compared to the pre-Cold War period.[13] Whereas Denmark only participated in 13 military operations from 1945 to 1989, Denmark participated in 76 military operations between 1990 and 2018.[13]

International disputes

  • North Pole. Denmark is trying to prove that the North Pole is geographically connected to Greenland. If such proof is established, the Kingdom will claim the North Pole.[15]

Settled international disputes

  • Hans Island. An island located between Greenland and Canadian Arctic islands. Unresolved boundary disputed between Canada and Denmark (The state of Denmark is responsible for Greenland's foreign relations). This dispute flared up again in July 2005 following the visit of a Canadian minister to the disputed island.[16] On 14 June 2022 both countries agreed to split the disputed island in half. In accordance with the Greenland home rule treaty, Denmark handles certain foreign affairs, such as border disputes, on behalf of the entire Danish Realm.

Diplomatic relations

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List of countries which Denmark maintains diplomatic relations with:

More information #, Country ...
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# Country Date
1  United Kingdom 25 October 1401[17]
2  Russia 8 November 1493[18]
3  France 8 July 1498[19][20]
4  Spain 1 April 1516[21]
5  Sweden 6 June 1523[22]
6  Netherlands 31 March 1605[23]
7  Portugal 18 March 1641[24]
8  United States 12 October 1801[25]
9  Mexico 19 July 1827[26]
10  Brazil 26 April 1828[27][28]
11  Belgium 25 February 1837[29]
12  Uruguay 28 February 1842[30]
13  Venezuela 28 February 1842[31]
14  Dominican Republic 17 December 1851[32]
15  Thailand 21 May 1858[33]
16  Italy 2 September 1861[34]
17  Greece 29 July 1863[35]
18  Japan 16 December 1867[36]
19  Guatemala 30 April 1880[37]
20  Norway 7 November 1905[38]
21  Luxembourg 4 June 1906[39]
22  Argentina 12 April 1910[40]
23  Cuba 29 June 1911[41]
24  Romania 1 May 1917[42]
25  Serbia 19 October 1917[43]
26  Finland 18 February 1918[44]
27   Switzerland 26 October 1918[45]
28  Czech Republic 14 May 1919[46]
29  Poland 8 September 1919[47]
30  Austria 13 September 1919[48]
31  Iceland 16 August 1920[49][50]
32  Hungary 13 June 1921[51]
33  Peru 22 July 1921[52][53]
34  Iran 3 February 1922[51]
35  Egypt 1 June 1922[54]
36  Turkey 26 January 1925[55]
37  Chile 23 April 1925[56]
38  Bolivia 29 December 1926[57]
39  Bulgaria 17 April 1931[58]
40  Colombia 18 May 1935[59]
41  Panama 30 June 1937[60]
42  Canada 5 December 1945[61]
43  South Africa 1 January 1946[62]
44  Honduras 19 April 1946[63]
45  Philippines 28 September 1946[64]
46  Lebanon 1946[65]
47  Australia 12 September 1947[66][67]
48  New Zealand 12 September 1947[67]
49  Costa Rica 3 October 1947[68]
50  India September 1949[69][70]
51  Pakistan 13 October 1949[71]
52  Indonesia 15 February 1950[72][73]
53  Ethiopia 21 February 1950[74]
54  China 11 May 1950[75]
55  Israel 7 December 1950[76]
56  Syria 1950[77]
57  Germany 27 June 1951[78]
58  Sri Lanka 5 January 1953[79]
59  Haiti 1 November 1953[80]
60  Paraguay 1 December 1953[80]
61  Ecuador 27 March 1955[81]
62  Myanmar 22 April 1955[82]
63  Laos 1 November 1956[83]
64  Malaysia 31 August 1957[84]
65  Morocco 29 November 1957[85][86]
66  Jordan 18 January 1958[87]
67  Sudan 8 May 1958[87]
68  El Salvador 18 August 1958[88]
69  South Korea 11 March 1959[89]
70  Iraq 13 January 1960[90][91]
71  Tunisia 10 May 1960[92]
72  Somalia 9 July 1960[93]
73  Nigeria October 1960[94]
74  Nicaragua 31 March 1960[95]
75  Cyprus 2 November 1960[96]
76  Cameroon 1960[97]
77  Senegal 16 May 1961[98]
78  Ghana 28 September 1961[99]
79  Libya 17 October 1961[100]
80  Guinea 1 December 1961[98]
81  Ireland January 1962[101]
82  Democratic Republic of the Congo 3 August 1962[102]
83  Rwanda 2 April 1963[103]
84  Liberia 11 July 1963[104]
85  Algeria 3 September 1963[105]
86  Kuwait 25 April 1964[106]
87  Kenya 23 October 1964[107]
88  Ivory Coast 28 November 1964[108]
89  Tanzania 8 December 1964[109]
90  Benin 15 December 1964[110]
91  Madagascar 1964[111]
92  Uganda 26 January 1965[112]
93  Zambia 10 February 1965[113]
94  Niger 25 May 1965[114]
95  Burundi 25 June 1965[115]
96  Singapore 28 September 1965[116]
97  Afghanistan 26 January 1966[117]
98  Malawi 22 February 1966[118]
99  Lesotho 1966[119]
100  Republic of the Congo 10 June 1967[120]
101  Cambodia 9 October 1967[121]
102    Nepal 15 December 1967[122]
103  Togo 21 June 1968[123]
104  Mongolia 5 August 1968[124]
105  Malta 26 March 1969[125]
106  Albania 29 May 1970[126]
107  Botswana 24 September 1971[127]
108  Vietnam 25 November 1971[128]
109  Bangladesh 4 February 1972[129][130]
110  Trinidad and Tobago 23 May 1972[131]
111  Mali 1972[132]
112  Sierra Leone 22 January 1973[133]
113  Mauritius 2 March 1973[134]
114  Gabon 2 April 1973[135]
115  North Korea 17 July 1973[136]
116  Bahrain 10 August 1974[137]
117  Jamaica 14 October 1974[138]
118  Qatar 15 December 1974[139]
119  United Arab Emirates 18 January 1975[140][141]
120  Saudi Arabia 1 February 1975[142][143]
121  Mauritania 19 April 1975[144]
122  Yemen 1 May 1975[145]
123  Mozambique 25 June 1975[146]
124  Angola 17 September 1976[147]
125  Guyana 18 November 1977[148]
126  Papua New Guinea February 1978[149]
127  Gambia January 1979[150]
128  Oman 9 July 1979[151]
129  Barbados 20 August 1979[152]
130  Seychelles 27 November 1979[153][154]
131  Zimbabwe 18 April 1980[155]
132  Suriname 27 November 1980[156]
133  Burkina Faso 21 January 1981[157]
134  Comoros 1 December 1981[158]
—  Holy See 2 August 1982[159]
135  Maldives 8 November 1982[160]
136  Saint Lucia 20 December 1982[161][162]
137  Central African Republic 1984[163]
138  Bhutan 13 August 1985[164]
139  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 19 September 1985[165]
140  Antigua and Barbuda 20 October 1985[166]
141  Tonga 31 October 1985[167]
142  Brunei 6 February 1990[168]
143  Namibia 1990[169]
144  Bahamas June 1991[170]
145  Estonia 24 August 1991[171]
146  Latvia 24 August 1991[172]
147  Lithuania 24 August 1991[173]
148  Guinea-Bissau 8 November 1991[174]
149  Belize 15 November 1991[175]
150  Armenia 14 January 1992[176]
151  Moldova 20 January 1992[177]
152  Slovenia 20 January 1992[178]
153  Tajikistan 21 January 1992[179]
154  Turkmenistan 21 January 1992[180]
155  Uzbekistan 25 January 1992[181]
156  Croatia 1 February 1992[182]
157  Belarus 4 February 1992[183]
158  Ukraine 12 February 1992[184]
159  Liechtenstein 13 March 1992[185]
160  Azerbaijan 2 April 1992[186]
161  Kazakhstan 7 May 1992[187]
162  Kyrgyzstan 8 May 1992[188]
163  Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 June 1992[189]
164  Georgia 1 July 1992[190]
166  Marshall Islands 17 September 1992[191]
166  San Marino 3 November 1992[192]
167  Slovakia 1 January 1993[193]
168  Eritrea 28 September 1993[194]
169  North Macedonia 16 December 1993[195]
170  Andorra 4 May 1994[196]
171  Eswatini 4 February 1997[197]
172  Fiji 1 December 1997[198]
173  Djibouti 10 December 2002[199]
174  Timor-Leste 12 February 2003[200]
175  Montenegro 15 June 2006[201]
—  Kosovo 6 March 2008[202]
176  Chad 23 November 2009[203]
177  Monaco 16 July 2011[204]
178  South Sudan 4 May 2012[205]
179  Equatorial Guinea 7 November 2014[206]
180  Federated States of Micronesia 29 August 2018[207]
181  Vanuatu 25 October 2018[208]
182  Grenada 6 November 2018[209]
183  Palau 30 November 2018[210]
184  Dominica 20 February 2019[211]
185  São Tomé and Príncipe 20 February 2019[212]
186  Cape Verde 29 May 2019[213]
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Bilateral relations

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Europe

More information Country, Formal relations began ...
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Albania29 May 1970[126]See Albania–Denmark relations
 Andorra4 May 1994[196]
  • Andorra is represented in Denmark through a non-resident ambassador based in Andorra La Vella.[216]
  • Denmark is represented in Andorra, through its embassy in Madrid.[217]
 Armenia14 January 1992[176] See Armenia–Denmark relations
  • Armenia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[218]
  • Denmark is represented in Armenia, through its embassy in Kyiv.[219]
 AustriaMay 1621[220] See Austria–Denmark relations
 Azerbaijan2 April 1992[186] See Azerbaijan–Denmark relations
  • Azerbaijan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in the United Kingdom.[223]
  • Denmark is represented in Azerbaijan, through its embassy in Turkey.[224]
 Belarus4 February 1992[183]See Belarus–Denmark relations
  • Belarus is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Sweden.[225]
  • Denmark is represented through its embassy in Moscow.[226]
 Belgium25 February 1837[29]See Belgium–Denmark relations
 Bosnia and Herzegovina2 June 1992[189] See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Denmark relations
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Copenhagen.[229]
  • Denmark is represented in Bosnia and Herzegovina through its embassy in Belgrade.[230]
 Bulgaria17 April 1931[58]See Bulgaria–Denmark relations
 Croatia1 February 1992[182]See Croatia–Denmark relations
 Cyprus2 November 1960[96]See Cyprus–Denmark relations
 Czech Republic14 May 1919[46]See Czech Republic–Denmark relations
 Estonia24 August 1991[171]See Denmark–Estonia relations
  • After the restoration of Estonia's independence in 1991, Denmark was the second country to re-establish diplomatic relations with Estonia on 24 August 1991.[239]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Tallinn.[240]
  • Estonia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[241]
  • "Estonian Foreign Affairs: Country by Country". Archived from the original on 18 July 2007.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 Finland18 February 1918[44]See Denmark–Finland relations
 France8 July 1498[19][20]See Denmark–France relations
 Georgia1 July 1992[190]See Denmark–Georgia relations
  • Denmark is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Ukraine.[246]
  • Georgia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[247]
  • Denmark is an EU member and Georgia is an EU candidate.
 Germany27 June 1951[78] See Denmark–Germany relations
 Greece29 July 1863[35]See Denmark–Greece relations
 Holy See2 August 1982[159]
  • Denmark's diplomatic relations with the Vatican City were established in 1982 after having been suspended since the reformation in 1536.
  • Denmark is represented in the Vatican City, through its embassy in Bern.[252]
 Hungary10 May 1948[253]See Denmark–Hungary relations
 Iceland16 August 1920[49][50]See Denmark–Iceland relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Reykjavík.[256]
  • Iceland has an embassy in Copenhagen.[257]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
 IrelandJanuary 1962[101]See Denmark–Ireland relations
 Italy2 September 1861[34]See Denmark–Italy relations
 Kosovo6 March 2008[202]See Denmark–Kosovo relations
  • Denmark recognized Kosovo on 21 February 2008.[263]
  • Denmark is represented in Kosovo, through its embassy in Vienna.[264]
 Latvia24 August 1991[172]See Denmark–Latvia relations
 Liechtenstein1992[267]
  • Liechtenstein is represented in Denmark through its embassy in Switzerland.[268]
 Lithuania24 August 1991[173] See Denmark–Lithuania relations
 Luxembourg4 June 1906[39]
 Malta26 March 1969[125]
  • Denmark has a consulate general in Valletta.[273]
  • Malta has an embassy in Copenhagen.[216]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
 Moldova20 January 1992[177]See Denmark–Moldova relations
  • Denmark is represented in Moldova through its embassy in Bucharest.[274]
  • Moldova is represented in Denmark through its embassy in Berlin.[275]
  • Denmark is an EU member and Moldova is an EU candidate.
 Monaco4 March 1930[276]
16 July 2011[204]
  • Denmark is represented in Monaco, through its embassy in Paris.[277]
 Montenegro15 June 2006[201]See Denmark–Montenegro relations
  • Denmark is represented in Montenegro through its embassy in Serbia.[278]
  • Montenegro is represented in Denmark through a non-resident ambassador based in Podgorica.[216]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
  • Denmark is an EU member and Montenegro is an EU candidate.
 Netherlands31 March 1605[23]See Denmark–Netherlands relations
 North Macedonia16 December 1993[195]See Denmark–North Macedonia relations
  • Denmark is represented in North Macedonia, through its embassy in Belgrade.[281]
  • North Macedonia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[282]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
 Norway7 November 1905[38]See Denmark–Norway relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Oslo.[283]
  • Norway has an embassy in Copenhagen.[284]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
 Poland8 September 1919[47] See Denmark–Poland relations
 Portugal18 March 1641[24] See Denmark–Portugal relations
 Romania1 May 1917[42] See Denmark–Romania relations
 Russia8 November 1493[18]See Denmark–Russia relations
 San Marino3 November 1992[192]
  • Denmark is represented in San Marino through its embassy in Rome.[293]
  • San Marino is represented in Denmark through a non-resident ambassador based in City of San Marino.[216]
 Serbia19 October 1917[43]See Denmark–Serbia relations
 Slovakia1 January 1993[193]See Denmark–Slovakia relations
 Slovenia20 January 1992[178] See Denmark–Slovenia relations
 Spain1 April 1516[21] See Denmark–Spain relations
 Sweden6 June 1523[22] See Denmark–Sweden relations
  Switzerland10 February 1875[304]See Denmark–Switzerland relations
 Ukraine12 February 1992[184]See Denmark–Ukraine relations
 United Kingdom25 October 1401[17] See Denmark–United Kingdom relations

Denmark established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 25 October 1401.[17][failed verification]

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, OECD, OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.[311]

The two countries have a sovereignty dispute over the Rockall Bank.

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Americas

More information Country, Formal relations began ...
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Antigua and Barbuda28 October 1985[312]
 Argentina20 January 1841[314] See Argentina–Denmark relations
 BahamasJune 1991[317]
  • Denmark is represented in Bahamas, through its embassy in Mexico, Denmark has a consulate in Nassau.[318]
 Barbados20 August 1979[319]
  • Denmark is represented in Barbados, through its embassy in Mexico City.[320]
  • Barbados is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[216]
 Belize15 November 1991[321]
  • Denmark is represented in Belize, through its embassy in Nicaragua.[322]
 Bolivia29 December 1926[57]See Bolivia–Denmark relations
  • Bolivia is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.[323]
  • Denmark is accredited to Bolivia from its embassy in Bogotá, Colombia.[324]
 Brazil26 April 1828[27][325]See Brazil–Denmark relations
 Canada5 December 1945[328]See Canada–Denmark relations
  • Canada has an embassy in Copenhagen.[329]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Ottawa.[330]
 Chile23 April 1925[56]See Chile–Denmark relations
 Colombia18 May 1935[333] See Colombia–Denmark relations
  • Colombia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[216]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Bogotá.[334]
 Costa Rica3 October 1947[68]
 Cuba29 June 1911[336]
 Dominica20 February 2019[339]
  • Denmark is represented in Dominica, through its embassy in Mexico.[340]
 Dominican Republic17 December 1851[341]
  • Denmark is represented in the Dominican Republic, through its embassy in Mexico.[342]
  • Dominican Republic is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[216]
 Ecuador27 March 1955[81]
 El Salvador9 July 1958[344]
  • Denmark has a consulate in San Salvador.[322]
  • A treaty of Commerce and Navigation was signed on 9 July 1958.[345]
 Grenada6 November 2018[346]
  • Denmark is represented in Grenada, through its embassy in Mexico.[347]
  • Grenada is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[216]
 Guatemala30 April 1880[37]
  • Denmark has a consulate general in Guatemala City.[322]
 Guyana16 November 1979[348]
  • Denmark is represented in Guyana, through its embassy in Brasília.[349]
  • Guyana is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[216]
 Haiti1 November 1953[80]
  • Denmark is represented in Haiti, through its embassy in Mexico.[350]
  • Haiti is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[216]
 Honduras19 April 1946[63]
  • Denmark have a consulate general in Tegucigalpa.[322]
  • Honduras is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[351]
 Jamaica14 October 1974[352]
  • Denmark is represented in Jamaica, through its embassy in Mexico.[353]
  • Jamaica is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[216]
 Mexico19 July 1827[354]See Denmark–Mexico relations
 Nicaragua31 March 1960[95] See Denmark–Nicaragua relations
 Panama30 June 1937[359]
 Paraguay1 December 1953[80]
  • Paraguay is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.
  • Denmark is represented in Paraguay, through its embassy in Buenos Aires.[360]
  • Denmark also has an honorary consulate in Asunción.
 Peru22 July 1921[52][53]
  • Peru is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[216]
  • Denmark has a consulate general in Lima.[361]
 Saint Kitts and NevisNone[362]
  • Denmark is represented in St. Kitts and Nevis, through its embassy in Washington D.C.[363]
 Saint Lucia20 December 1982[364]
  • Denmark is represented in St. Lucia, through its embassy in Mexico.[365]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines19 September 1985[366]
  • Denmark is represented in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, through its embassy in Mexico.[367]
 Suriname27 November 1980[368]
  • Denmark is represented in Suriname, through its embassy in Brasília.[369]
  • Denmark have a consulate in Paramaribo.[370]
 Trinidad and Tobago23 May 1972[371]
  • Denmark is represented in Trinidad and Tobago, through its embassy in Mexico.[372]
  • Denmark have a consulate general in Port of Spain.[372]
 United States12 October 1801[373]See Denmark–United States relations
 Uruguay28 February 1842[378]
  • Denmark is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.[379]
  • Uruguay is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.[216]
 Venezuela26 March 1835[380]See Denmark–Venezuela relations
  • Venezuela is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Oslo, Norway.
  • Denmark is accredited to Venezuela from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.[381]
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Middle East

More information Country, Formal relations began ...
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Bahrain10 August 1974[382]
  • Denmark is represented in Bahrain, through its embassy in Riyadh.[383] Denmark also has a Royal Consular Agency in Manama.[383]
  • Bahrain is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[216]
 Egypt1 June 1922[54]See Denmark–Egypt relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Cairo.[384]
  • Egypt has an embassy in Copenhagen.[216]
 Iran3 February 1922[385]See Denmark–Iran relations
 Iraq13 January 1960[388][91]See Denmark–Iraq relations
 Israel12 July 1950[391]See Denmark–Israel relations
 Jordan7 December 1961[394][395]
  • Denmark is represented in Jordan, through its embassy in Damascus.[396]
  • Jordan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[216]
 Kuwait25 April 1964[106]
  • Denmark is represented in Kuwait, through its embassy in Riyadh.[397]
  • Kuwait is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[216]
 Lebanon1946[398]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Beirut.[399]
  • Lebanon is represented in Denmark through its embassy in Stockholm.[400]
 Oman9 July 1979[401]
  • Denmark is represented in Oman, through its embassy in Riyadh.[402]
  • Oman is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.
 State of PalestineNoneSee Denmark–Palestine relations
 Qatar15 December 1974[139]
  • Denmark is represented in Qatar, through its embassy in the United Arab Emirates.[405]
  • Qatar is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in the Hague.[216]
 Saudi Arabia1 February 1975[406][143] See Denmark–Saudi Arabia relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Riyadh.[407]
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[408]
 Syria1950[409]See Denmark–Syria relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Damascus.[410]
  • Syria is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[216]
 Turkey[note 1]26 January 1925[411] See Denmark–Turkey relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Ankara[412] and a consulate general in Istanbul.[413]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Copenhagen.[414]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
  • Denmark is an EU member and Turkey is an EU candidate. Denmark opposes Turkey's accession negotiations to the EU, although negotiations have now been suspended.
 United Arab Emirates18 January 1975[141]See Denmark–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Abu Dhabi,[415] and a consulate general in Dubai.[416]
  • The United Arab Emirates is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[216]
 Yemen1 May 1975[145]
  • Denmark is represented in Yemen, through its embassy in Riyadh.[417]
  • Yemen is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[216]
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Asia

More information Country, Formal relations began ...
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Afghanistan26 January 1966[418]See Afghanistan–Denmark relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Kabul.[419]
  • Afghanistan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Oslo.[216]
 Bangladesh4 February 1972[420]See Bangladesh–Denmark relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Dhaka.[421]
  • Bangladesh is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[216]
 Bhutan13 August 1985[422] See Bhutan–Denmark relations
  • Denmark has a representative office in Thimphu.[423]
  • Bhutan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[216]
 Brunei6 February 1990[168]
  • Denmark is represented in Brunei, through its embassy in Singapore.[424]
  • Brunei is represented in Denmark through a non-resident ambassador based in Bandar Seri Begawan.[216]
 Cambodia9 October 1967[425]See Cambodia–Denmark relations
  • Denmark is represented in Cambodia, through its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.[426]
  • Cambodia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[216]
 China11 May 1950[427] See People's Republic of China–Denmark relations
 East Timor12 February 2003[200]
  • Denmark is represented in East Timor, through its embassy in Jakarta.[430]
  • East Timor is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[431]
 IndiaSeptember 1949[432][433]See Denmark–India relations
 Indonesia15 February 1950[436][73]See Denmark–Indonesia relations
 Japan16 December 1867[439] See Denmark–Japan relations
 Kazakhstan7 May 1992[442] See Denmark–Kazakhstan relations
  • Denmark is represented in Kazakhstan, through its embassy in Moscow.[443]
  • Kazakhstan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[216]
 Kyrgyzstan8 May 1992[444]
  • Denmark is represented in Kyrgyzstan, through its embassy in Moscow.[445]
 Laos1 November 1956[446]
  • Denmark is represented in Laos, through its embassy in Hanoi.[447]
  • Laos is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[448]
 Malaysia31 August 1957[449]See Denmark–Malaysia relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[450]
  • Malaysia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[216]
 Maldives8 November 1982[451]
  • Denmark is represented in Maldives, through its embassy in New Delhi.[452]
  • Maldives is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[216]
 Mongolia5 August 1968[453]
  • Denmark has a consulate general in Ulaanbaatar.[454]
  • Mongolia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[216]
 Myanmar22 April 1955[455]See Burma–Denmark relations
  • Denmark is represented in Burma, through its embassy in Bangkok.[456]
  • Burma is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[216]
   Nepal15 December 1967[457] See Denmark–Nepal relations
 North Korea17 July 1973[460] See Denmark–North Korea relations
  • Denmark is represented in North Korea, through its embassy in Beijing.[461]
  • North Korea is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[216]
 PakistanOctober 1949[462]See Denmark–Pakistan relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Islamabad.[463]
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Copenhagen.[464]
  • Roughly 20,000 Pakistanis live and work in Denmark, making them the country's fifth-largest non-Western community. Six Pakistani immigrants/descendants of immigrants have seats on local parliaments and councils, the second-highest number of any immigrant group.[465]
 Philippines28 September 1946[466]See Denmark–Philippines relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Manila.[467]
  • The Republic of the Philippines has an embassy in Copenhagen.
 Singapore28 September 1965[468]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Singapore City.[469]
  • Singapore is represented in Denmark, through a non-resident ambassador based in Singapore.[216]
 South Korea11 March 1959[470]See Denmark–South Korea relations
  • Both nations are having an agreement of work and holiday program thus citizens of both countries can live, work, study and travel for up to a year and there are no quotas for Danish and South Koreans working and traveling in the each other.[471]
  • Royal Danish embassy in Seoul.[472]
  • South Korean embassy in Copenhagen.[473]
 Sri Lanka5 January 1953[474] See Denmark–Sri Lanka relations
  • Denmark has a consulate general in Colombo.[475]
  • Sri Lanka is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[216]
 Tajikistan21 January 1992[476]
  • Denmark is represented in Tajikistan, through its embassy in Moscow.[477]
 Taiwan None See Denmark–Taiwan relations
  • Denmark has a trade council in Taipei.[478]
  • Taiwan has a Representative Office in Copenhagen.[479]
 Thailand21 May 1858[480] See Denmark–Thailand relations
 Turkmenistan21 January 1992[483]
  • Denmark is represented in Turkmenistan, through its embassy in Moscow.[484]
 Uzbekistan25 January 1992[485]
  • Uzbekistan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Moscow.[486]
  • Denmark is represented in Uzbekistan, through its embassy in Moscow.[487]
 Vietnam25 November 1971[488]See Denmark–Vietnam relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Hanoi.[489]
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Copenhagen.[490]
Close

Africa

More information Country, Formal relations began ...
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Algeria3 September 1963[105]
 Angola17 September 1976[493]
  • Denmark is represented in Angola, through its embassy in Lusaka.[494]
  • Angola is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[216]
 Benin15 December 1964[495]See Benin–Denmark relations
 Botswana24 September 1971[127]
  • Denmark is represented in Botswana, through its embassy in Pretoria.[498]
  • Botswana is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[216]
 Burkina Faso21 January 1981[499]See Burkina Faso–Denmark relations
 Burundi25 June 1965[502]
  • Denmark is represented in Burundi, through its embassy in Kampala.[503]
  • Burundi is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[216]
 Cameroon1960[97]
  • Denmark has a consulate general in Yaoundé.[504]
  • Cameroon is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[216]
 Cape Verde29 May 2019[505]
  • Denmark is represented in Cape Verde, through its embassy in Lisbon.[506]
 Central African Republic1984[507]
  • Denmark is represented in the Central African Republic, through its embassy in Ouagadougou.[508]
  • The Central African Republic is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[216]
 Chad23 November 2009[203]
  • Chad has a consulate in Copenhagen, Denmark.[509]
  • Denmark is represented in Chad, through its embassy in Burkina Faso.[509]
 Comoros1 December 1982[510]
  • Denmark is represented in Comoros, through its embassy in Dar es Salaam.[511]
 Republic of the Congo10 June 1967[120]
  • Denmark is represented in Republic of Congo, through its embassy in Cotonou.[512]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo3 August 1962[102]
  • Denmark is represented in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, through its embassy in Pretoria.[513]
 Djibouti10 December 2002[514]
 Equatorial Guinea7 November 2014[516]
  • Denmark is represented in Equatorial Guinea, through its embassy in Pretoria.[517]
 Eritrea28 September 1993[518][519]See Denmark–Eritrea relations

Eritrea was a Danish programme country from 1993 to 1996, and again from 1999 to 2001. In 1996, Denmark assisted 112 million DKK to the agriculture sector, and 80 million DKK to the education sector.[520] Relations between Eritrea and Denmark have been bad, since Denmark decided to suspend development cooperation with Eritrea in January 2002, and completely closed its embassy in Eritrea in June 2002.[521]

  • Denmark is represented in Eritrea through its embassy in Nairobi.[522]
 Eswatini4 February 1997[197]
 Ethiopia5 April 1967[524] See Denmark–Ethiopia relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Addis Ababa.[525]
  • Ethiopia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[216]
 Gabon2 April 1973[526]
  • Denmark have a consulate in Libreville.[527]
  • Gabon is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[216]
 GambiaJanuary 1979[528]
  • Denmark is represented in Gambia, through its embassy in Bamako.[529]
  • Gambia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[216]
 Ghana28 September 1961[99]See Denmark–Ghana relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Accra.[530]
  • Ghana has an embassy in Copenhagen.[531]
 Guinea1 December 1961[98]
  • Denmark is represented in Guinea, through its embassy in Accra.[532]
  • Guinea is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[216]
 Guinea-Bissau8 November 1991[533]
  • Denmark is represented in Guinea Bissau, through its embassy in Lisbon.[534]
  • Guinea-Bissau is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[216]
 Ivory Coast14 June 1963[105]
  • Denmark is represented in Côte d'Ivoire, through its embassy in Accra.[535]
  • Denmark have a consulate general in Abidjan.[535]
  • Côte d'Ivoire have an embassy in Copenhagen.[536]
 Kenya23 October 1964[107]See Denmark–Kenya relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Nairobi.[537]
  • Kenya is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[216]
 Lesotho1970[538]
 Liberia31 December 1861[540][541]
11 July 1963[542]
  • Denmark is represented in Liberia, through its embassy in Accra.[543]
  • Liberia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[216]
 Libya18 April 1968[544]See Denmark–Libya relations
  • Libya closed its embassy in Copenhagen, as a protest against the Jyllandsposten cartoons controversy, in 2006.[545]
 MadagascarJanuary 1964[546]
  • Denmark is represented in Madagascar, through its embassy in Pretoria.[547]
  • Denmark have a consulate in Antananarivo.[547]
 Malawi22 February 1966[548]
  • Denmark is represented in Malawi, through its embassy in Maputo.[549]
  • Malawi is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.
 Mali1972[132]

From 2006 to 2011, Denmark assisted Mali with 800 million DKK for poverty reduction.[551]

 Mauritania19 April 1975[552]
  • Denmark is represented in Mauritania, through its embassy in Rabat.[553]
  • Mauritania is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[216]
 Mauritius2 March 1973[554]
 Morocco29 November 1957[556][86] See Denmark–Morocco relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Rabat.[557]
  • Morocco has an embassy in Copenhagen.[558]
 Mozambique25 June 1975[559]See Denmark–Mozambique relations
 Namibia1990[560]
  • Denmark is represented in Namibia, through its embassy in Pretoria.[561]
  • Namibia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[562]
 Niger25 May 1965[563]
 NigeriaOctober 1960[565]See Foreign relations of Nigeria
 Rwanda2 April 1963[103]
  • Denmark is represented in Rwanda, through its embassy in Kampala.[566]
  • Rwanda is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[567]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic RepublicNone
  • Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has a representative office in Copenhagen.[568]
 São Tomé and Príncipe20 February 2019[569]
  • Denmark is represented in São Tomé and Príncipe, through its embassy in Lisbon.[570]
  • São Tomé and Príncipe is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[216]
 Senegal16 May 1961[98]
 Seychelles1979[572]
 Sierra Leone22 January 1973[574]
 Somalia9 July 1960[576]See Denmark–Somalia relations
 South Africa1947[578]See Denmark–South Africa relations
 South Sudan4 May 2012[580]
 Sudan8 May 1958[87] See Denmark–Sudan relations
 Tanzania8 December 1964[109] See Denmark–Tanzania relations
 Tunisia1959[583]See Foreign relations of Tunisia
 Togo21 June 1968[123]
  • Denmark is represented in Togo, through its embassy in Cotonou.[584]
 Uganda26 January 1965[112]
  • Uganda has an embassy in Copenhagen.[585]
 Zambia10 February 1965[113] See Denmark–Zambia relations
 Zimbabwe18 April 1980[155]See Foreign relations of Zimbabwe
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Oceania

More information Country, Formal relations began ...
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Australia12 September 1947[66][67]See Australia–Denmark relations
 Cook IslandsNone[586]
  • Denmark is represented in Cook Islands, through its embassy in Canberra.[587]
 Fiji1 December 1997[198]
  • Denmark is represented in Fiji, through its embassy in Jakarta.[588]
  • Fiji is represented in Denmark, through its high commission in London.[216]
Further details
Denmark–Fiji relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Fiji. Denmark is represented in Fiji through its embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia.[588] Fiji is represented in Denmark through its High Commission in London.[216][589] Denmark has an honorary consulate[590] and a consulate[588] in Suva, the capital of Fiji. The current Fijian ambassador to Denmark is Solo Mara.[591]

In 1971, an abolition of visas agreement was signed between Denmark and Fiji.[592] In October 1974, Denmark and Fiji signed an avoidance of double taxation agreement.[593]

In November 2003, the Danish ambassador to Fiji Geert Aagaard Andersen said that Denmark supports the European Union's decision to resume development cooperation with Fiji and that Denmark is pleased with the reestablishing democracy progress in Fiji. Trade between Denmark and Fiji showed a potential increase he said.[594]

For the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference meeting in Copenhagen, the Fijian Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama stressed that:

"We in Fiji experienced unprecedented floods in February of this year. The enormous devastation caused by such disasters not only results in commercial and economic hardships but has a deleterious effect on food production, the ill effects of climate change can still be minimised."[595]

In July 2011, Danish export to Fiji amounted approximately 1 million DKK while Fijian export were about 100.000 DKK.[596]

 Kiribati
  • Denmark is represented in Kiribati, through its embassy in Singapore.[597]
 Marshall Islands17 September 1992[191]
  • Denmark is represented in Marshall Islands, through its embassy in Singapore.[597]
 Micronesia, Federated States of29 August 2018[207]
  • Denmark is represented in Micronesia, through its embassy in Singapore.[597]
 NauruNone[598]
  • Denmark is represented in Nauru, through its embassy in Canberra.[599]
 New Zealand12 September 1947[67]See Denmark–New Zealand relations
 Palau30 November 2018[210]
  • Denmark is represented in Palau, through its embassy in Singapore.[597]
 Papua New GuineaFebruary 1978[149]
  • Denmark is represented in Papua New Guinea, through its embassy in Jakarta.[600]
  • Papua New Guinea is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[216]
 SamoaNone[601]
  • Denmark is represented in Samoa, through its embassy in Canberra.[602]
 Solomon IslandsNone[603]
  • Denmark is represented in the Solomon Islands, through its embassy in Singapore.[597]
 Tonga31 October 1985[167]
  • Denmark is represented in Tonga, through its embassy in Canberra.[604]
 TuvaluNone[605]
  • Denmark is represented in Tuvalu, through its embassy in Canberra.[606]
 Vanuatu25 October 2018[208]
  • Denmark is represented in Vanuatu, through its embassy in Canberra.[607]
Close

See also

Politics of Denmark

References

Notes

Further reading

External links

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