估

估 U+4F30, 估 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F30 ← 伯 [U+4F2F] CJK Unified Ideographs 伱 → [U+4F31]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

估 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人十口 (OJR), four-corner 2426₀, composition ⿰亻古)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 96, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 467
• Dae Jaweon: page 205, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 129, character 15
• Unihan data for U+4F30

Chinese

simp. and trad.		估

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
箇	*kaːls
個	*kaːls
居	*kɯ, *kas
橭	*kaː, *kʰaː
嫴	*kaː
姑	*kaː
辜	*kaː
酤	*kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄	*kaː
鴣	*kaː
沽	*kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬	*kaː, *kaːʔ
古	*kaːʔ
罟	*kaːʔ
估	*kaːʔ
鈷	*kaːʔ
詁	*kaːʔ
牯	*kaːʔ
故	*kaːs
固	*kaːs
稒	*kaːɡs
痼	*kaːɡs
錮	*kaːɡs
鯝	*kaːɡs
棝	*kaːɡs
凅	*kaːɡs
枯	*kʰaː
軲	*kʰaː
跍	*kʰaː
骷	*kʰaː
苦	*kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫	*qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬	*ɡaː
瑚	*ɡaː
湖	*ɡaː
鶘	*ɡaː
猢	*ɡaː
醐	*ɡaː
糊	*ɡaː
箶	*ɡaː
蝴	*ɡaː
胡	*ɡaː
瓳	*ɡaː
怙	*ɡaːʔ
祜	*ɡaːʔ
岵	*ɡaːʔ
婟	*ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛	*ɡaːʔ
据	*ka
裾	*ka
琚	*ka
椐	*ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋	*ka
蜛	*ka
崌	*ka
涺	*ka
腒	*ka, *ɡa
鋸	*kas
倨	*kas
踞	*kas
涸	*ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːʔ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): gū, gǔ (gu¹, gu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ, ㄍㄨˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gu³

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): gù

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gu²

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): gu²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gu²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kû / kú

  (Hailu, HRS): gu^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ku¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): gu¹ / gu²
• Northern Min (KCR): gǔ
• Eastern Min (BUC): gū
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gou³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gou² / gou¹

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): geu² / gu²

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gu²
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵ku / ¹ku / ³ku / ³kou
  • (Jinhua): ³ku
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gu¹ / gu³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gū
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gu
    • Wade–Giles: ku¹
    • Yale: gū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gu
    • Palladius: гу (gu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
    • Wade–Giles: ku³
    • Yale: gǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
    • Palladius: гу (gu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: gu³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵³/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: gù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gu²
    • Yale: gú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³⁵/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: gu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû / kú
    • Hakka Romanization System: gu^ˊ / gu^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gu¹ / gu³
    • Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴/, /ku³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gu^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /ku⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ku¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰu⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: gu¹ / gu²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ku¹¹/, /ku⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǔ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gou³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔu⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔu³³²/
  • (Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
    • Tâi-lô: kóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kor
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gou² / gou¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kóu / kou
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou⁵²/, /kou³³/

Note: gou1 - alternative reading.

• • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: geu² / gu²
    • Sinological IPA: /kɛu³¹/, /ku³¹/

Note:

• geu2 - vernacular;
• gu2 - literary.

• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: gu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ku
    • MiniDict: ku^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ku
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³⁴/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Chongming, Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ¹ku
    • MiniDict: ku^平
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ku⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ku⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ku⁵²/
  • (Northern: Songjiang, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ³ku
    • MiniDict: ku^上
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ku⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ku⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ku⁴³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ku⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ku³³⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ku³⁵/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ³kou
    • MiniDict: kou^上
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kəu⁵¹/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ³ku
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ku⁵³⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: gu¹ / gu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³³/, /ku⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: kuX

Rime
Character	估
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	公戸切
Baxter	kuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuoX/
Pan Wuyun	/kuoX/
Shao Rongfen	/koX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔX/
Li Rong	/koX/
Wang Li	/kuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuoX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	估
Reading #	1/1
No.	4221
Phonetic component	古
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	古
Old Chinese	/*kaːʔ/

Definitions

估

1. to estimate (an amount, value, etc.)

   高估  ―  gāogū  ―  overestimate

2. (Cantonese) to guess

   估都估到㗎啦！ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   gu² dou¹ gu² dou^3-2 gaa³ laa¹! [Jyutping]

   Any fool could have guessed correctly!

3. (literary) price
4. (literary) merchant; businessperson

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 猜 (“to guess”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		猜, 猜測, 猜想
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	猜
	Taiwan	猜
	Malaysia	猜
	Singapore	猜
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	猜
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	猜, 揣
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	猜, 諳
	Wuhan	猜
	Guilin	猜
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	猜
	Hefei	猜
Cantonese	Guangzhou	估, 猜
	Hong Kong	估
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	估
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	估
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	估
	Taishan	估
	Yangjiang	猜, 批
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	估
	Singapore (Guangfu)	估
Gan	Nanchang	猜
Hakka	Meixian	揣, 猜, 估
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	揣
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	揣
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	揣
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	揣
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	揣
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	臆
	Hong Kong	估
Jin	Taiyuan	猜
Northern Min	Jian'ou	估
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	準, 猜
Southern Min	Xiamen	臆, 猜
	Quanzhou	臆
	Jinjiang	臆
	Shishi	臆
	Zhangzhou	臆, 猜
	Pinghe	臆
	Zhao'an	臆
	Taipei	猜, 臆
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	臆
	Kaohsiung	臆
	Yilan	猜, 臆
	Changhua (Lukang)	猜, 臆
	Taichung	臆
	Taichung (Wuqi)	臆
	Tainan	臆
	Taitung	臆
	Hsinchu	臆
	Kinmen	臆
	Penghu (Magong)	臆
	Penang (Hokkien)	猜, 阿甲
	Singapore (Hokkien)	臆, 猜
	Manila (Hokkien)	臆
	Chaozhou	臆, 猜
	Shantou	臆, 猜
	Singapore (Teochew)	猜
	Haikou	猜
	Singapore (Hainanese)	猜
Wu	Suzhou	猜
	Wenzhou	猜
Xiang	Changsha	估, 猜
	Shuangfeng	估

Compounds

• 估中 (gūzhòng)
• 低估 (dīgū)
• 估倒
• 估倧
• 估價 / 估价 (gūjià)
• 估價單 / 估价单 (gūjiàdān)
• 估價行 / 估价行
• 估喝
• 估單 / 估单
• 估堆兒 / 估堆儿
• 估客
• 估摸 (gūmo)
• 估測 / 估测 (gūcè)
• 估稅 / 估税
• 估算 (gūsuàn)
• 估著眼
• 估計 / 估计 (gūjì)
• 估量
• 公估局
• 勘估
• 彈斤估兩 / 弹斤估两
• 彈觔估兩 / 弹斤估两
• 抄估
• 推估 (tuīgū)
• 掂斤估兩 / 掂斤估两
• 略估
• 評估 / 评估 (pínggū)
• 論斤估兩 / 论斤估两
• 資產重估 / 资产重估
• 難以估計 / 难以估计
• 預估 / 预估 (yùgū)
• 高估 (gāogū)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gù (gu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gù
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gù
    • Wade–Giles: ku⁴
    • Yale: gù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guh
    • Palladius: гу (gu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gu³
    • Yale: gu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³³/

Definitions

估

1. only used in 估衣 (gùyi, “secondhand clothes for sale”)

Compounds

• 估衣
• 估衣鋪 / 估衣铺

Japanese

Kanji

估

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. price, business, selling

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: こ (ko)
• Kun: あきなう (akinau, 估う)、あたい (atai, 估い)

Korean

Hanja

估 (eum 고 (go))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

估: Hán Nôm readings: cô, cố

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation