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伯

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: 旧 and 佰
伯 U+4F2F, 伯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F2F
← 伮
[U+4F2E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 估 →
[U+4F30]

Translingual

Stroke order
Thumb

Han character

伯 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人竹日 (OHA), four-corner 26200, composition ⿰亻白)

Derived characters

  • 𪡈, 𫼻, 𣵁, 𬂺, 𣨔, 𦀪, 𮘓, 𧇚, 𠩡, 𪧐, 𦯉, 𮅓, 𬡹, 𨵁, 𦼑, 𦿛, 𪥷, 𢍑, 𧎧, 𦪥, 𧑲, 𩥥, 𨘐

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 96, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 466
  • Dae Jaweon: page 204, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 136, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4F2F
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Chinese

More information simp. and trad. ...

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 伯, Shang ...
Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
More information Old Chinese ...

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *praːɡ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

Etymology 1

Unclear. Possibly an areal word (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Mru [script needed] (rak, “eldest brother”) and Kukish prak (“eldest brother”) (Löffler, 1966), as well as Lahu phâ (“god; lord”) < Thai พระ (prá) < Old Khmer bra or Angkorian Old Khmer braḥ, braḥh, brah (“distinguished; divine; excellent; holy; sacred; superior; etc.”) (see Khmer ព្រះ (preăh) for more).

Possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bʷaŋ ~ *pʷaŋ (“(paternal) uncle; elder brother”), in turn possibly related to 兄 (OC *hmraŋ, “elder brother”) (Benedict, 1972).

Alternatively, from 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”); compare 皤 (OC *paːl, *baːl, “white”), which underwent parallel semantic shift to "white-haired", though this is possibly folk etymology (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 3 is the exoactive/transitive of pronunciation 1 (ibid.).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • ba6 - vernacular;
  • beh6 - literary.
More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Definitions

伯

  1. (archaic) eldest brother
  2. paternal uncle; father's elder brother
    三伯、三伯娘 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    saam1 baak3, saam1 baak3 noeng4 [Jyutping]
    father's third elder brother; wife of a father's third elder brother
  3. form of address for senior males
  4. (historical) count (rank)
    See also: 五等爵位
  5. (Jilu Mandarin) mother
  6. (Jilu Mandarin) paternal aunt (wife of father's elder brother)
  7. (Wu) paternal aunt (father's sister)
  8. a surname
Usage notes

In Old Chinese, sons of a same father are referred to in order as 伯 (bó, “first”), 仲 (zhòng, “second”), 叔 (shū, “third”) and 季 (jì, “fourth”). The usage of 仲 and 季 was later eliminated but 伯 and 叔 remained in use when referring to one's father's elder and younger brothers and male cousins. Moreover, 伯仲叔季 (bózhòngshūjì) was commonly used in personal names in the past, and this is still occasionally seen nowadays.

Compounds
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (伯):
  • → Japanese: 伯(はく) (haku, “count”)
  • → Korean: 백(伯) (baek, “count”)
  • → Vietnamese: bá (伯, “count”)

Others:

  • →? Proto-Turkic: *bēg (see there for further descendants)
  • → Manchu: ᠪᡝ (be)
  • → Thai: แปะ (bpɛ̀), แป๊ะ (bpɛ́, “old Chinese man”) (via Teochew)
  • → Vietnamese: bác (“uncle, aunt”)

Pronunciation 2

More information Rime, Character ...
Definitions

伯

  1. only used in 大伯子 (dàbǎizi, “husband's elder brother”)

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

伯

  1. (obsolete) alternative form of 霸 (“feudal chief”)
  2. (obsolete) alternative form of 霸 (“to dominate; to lead”)
Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 伯 – see 佰 (“troop of 100 soldiers, or a leader of such unit, centurion; etc.”).
(This character is the draft (1955) first-round simplified and variant form of 佰).
Notes:

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 伯 – see 陌 (“footpath between fields going east to west; street; path; road”).
(This character is an obsolete form of 陌).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 伯 – see 迫 (“to coerce; to force; to compel; to approach; etc.”).
(This character is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as a variant form of 迫).

References

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