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故

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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故 U+6545, 故
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6545
← 敄
[U+6544] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 敆 →
[U+6546]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...

Han character

故 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十口人大 (JROK), four-corner 48640, composition ⿰古攵)

Derived characters

  • 做 𡟁 𢰴 𫮆

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 469, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13161
  • Dae Jaweon: page 820, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1453, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6545
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Chinese

More information simp. and trad. ...

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 故, Western Zhou ...
Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
More information Old Chinese ...

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːs): phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) + semantic 攵.

Etymology 1

Derivative of 古 (OC *kaːʔ, “old”). The sense “cause, reason” may be related to (“thing or person of former times”), or the same word as 固 (OC *kaːs, “solid, secure, sure”) (Schuessler 2007, apud Pulleyblank 1989).

Pronunciation

Note: gu7 - “old, original”.
More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Definitions

故

  1. old; of the past
  2. cause; reason
    緣故／缘故  ―  yuángù  ―  reason
  3. accident; misfortune; unexpected event
  4. past things; antiquity
  5. old friend; good friend; close friend
  6. to die; to pass away
    已故  ―  yǐgù  ―  deceased [lit. has passed away]
  7. deceased; dead
  8. formerly; originally
  9. intentionally; deliberately
  10. still; as before
  11. therefore; so
    我思故我在  ―  wǒ sī gù wǒ zài  ―  I think, therefore I am
    故名「北京」  ―  gù míng “běijīng”  ―  hence the name "Northern Capital"
Synonyms
  • (to die):
Dialectal synonyms of 死 (“to die”) [map]
More information Variety, Location ...
  • (therefore; so):
Dialectal synonyms of 所以 (“so; therefore”) [map]
More information Variety, Location ...
Compounds
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (故):
  • → Japanese: 故(こ) (ko)
  • → Korean: 고(故) (go)
  • → Vietnamese: cố (故)

Others:

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

故

  1. (Cantonese) alternative form of 古 (gu2, “story”)
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Japanese

Kanji

故

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. happenstance
  2. old, past
  3. therefore
  4. late (deceased)

Readings

  • Go-on: く (ku)
  • Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ゆえ (yue, 故, Jōyō)←ゆゑ (yuwe, 故, historical)、こと (koto)、ことさら (kotosara, 故)、ふるい (furui, 故い)

Compounds

Etymology 1

More information Kanji in this term ...

Pronunciation

Prefix

故(こ) • (ko-) 

  1. the deceased, late

Affix

故(こ) • (ko) 

  1. old; past; former

Etymology 2

More information Kanji in this term ...
For pronunciation and definitions of 故 – see the following entry.
【ゆえ】
[noun] reason, cause
(This term, 故, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

More information Kanji in this term ...
For pronunciation and definitions of 故 – see the following entry.
【殊更ことさら】
[adverb] intentionally; deliberately; on purpose
[adverb] particularly; especially; specially
[adjective] intentional; deliberate
[adjective] particular
(This term, 故, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4

More information Kanji in this term ...
For pronunciation and definitions of 故 – see the following entry.
【所為せい】
[noun] cause, reason, fault
(This term, 故, is an alternative spelling (literary) of the above term.)

References

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 故 (MC kuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 고 (kwo) (Yale: kwo) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

  • (in 고향 (故鄕, gohyang)):
  • (old; cause; accident; etc.):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ko̞(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [고(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

故 (eumhun 옛 고 (yet go))

  1. hanja form? of 고 (“old; ancient”)
  2. hanja form? of 고 (“cause; reason”)
  3. hanja form? of 고 (“accident; unexpected event”)
  4. hanja form? of 고 (“late (deceased)”)
    故 노태우, 내일 국가장
    go No-tae'u, naeil gukgajang
    The state funeral for the late Roh Tae-woo will be tomorrow

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
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Vietnamese

Han character

故: Hán Nôm readings: cố, cớ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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