駕

See also: 驾

駕 U+99D5, 駕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-99D5 ← 駔 [U+99D4] CJK Unified Ideographs 駖 → [U+99D6]

Translingual

Han character

駕 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+5, 15 strokes, cangjie input 大口尸手火 (KRSQF), four-corner 4632₇, composition ⿱加馬)

Derived characters

• 𡃉 𪯀

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1436, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44667
• Dae Jaweon: page 1960, character 34
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4550, character 9
• Unihan data for U+99D5

Chinese

trad.		駕
simp.		驾
alternative forms		𩢟 𪯀

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 駕
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (加) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
妿	*kaːl, *qaːl
賀	*ɡaːls
迦	*ka, *kal, *kraːl
茄	*ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl
伽	*ɡa, *ɡal
枷	*ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl
嘉	*kraːl
加	*kraːl
笳	*kraːl
痂	*kraːl
袈	*kraːl
跏	*kraːl
珈	*kraːl
鴐	*kraːl
架	*kraːls
駕	*kraːls
瘸	*ɡʷal

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kraːls): phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl) + semantic 馬.

Etymology

The exopassive of 加 (OC *kraːl, “to add; to attach”). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྲལ (khral, “to impose a tax”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jià (jia⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jia⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa³
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ga⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kà / kèe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gê³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jià
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jià
    • Wade–Giles: chia⁴
    • Yale: jyà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiah
    • Palladius: цзя (czja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: jia⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gia
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕia²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaa³
    • Yale: ga
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ga³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ga⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ga̍
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kà
    • Tâi-lô: kà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kax
    • IPA (Taipei): /ka¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /ka²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ka⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèe
    • Tâi-lô: kèe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gê³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kè
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ke²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kaeH

Rime
Character	駕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古訝切
Baxter	kaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠaH/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaH/
Shao Rongfen	/kaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨH/
Li Rong	/kaH/
Wang Li	/kaH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kaH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jià
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaa3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤraj-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	駕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jià
Middle Chinese	‹ kæH ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁraj-s/
English	hitch horses to a chariot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	駕
Reading #	1/1
No.	5884
Phonetic component	加
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	駕
Old Chinese	/*kraːls/

Definitions

駕

1. to harness; to yoke (an animal, e.g. to a cart)

   • 今乘輿已駕矣，有司未知所之。敢請。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     今乘舆已驾矣，有司未知所之。敢请。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Jīn chéngyú yǐ jià yǐ, yǒusī wèi zhī suǒ zhī. Gǎn qǐng. [Pinyin]

     Now, the horses have been put to the carriage, and the officers do not yet know where you are going. I venture to ask.

2. to drive (a vehicle); to sail (a ship); to fly (a plane)

   駕車／驾车  ―  jiàchē  ―  to drive a vehicle

3. to direct; to control; to harness
4. (historical) cart; carriage
5. (historical) emperor's carriage
6. (figurative) emperor (especially on a journey)

   駕崩／驾崩  ―  jiàbēng  ―  (of monarchs) to pass away (literally, “the emperor collapses”)

   • 1658, 谷應泰 [Gu Yingtai], chapter 37, in 明史紀事本末 [Compilation of Ming history]‎:

     又曰：「駕至。」酗亦如故。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     又曰：「驾至。」酗亦如故。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     Yòu yuē: “Jià zhì.” Xù yì rúgù. [Pinyin]

     Someone then said, "the Emperor is coming." [But A Chou] kept [acting] to be drunk.

7. (Classical) distance a horse travels in a day

   • 夫驥一日而千里，駑馬十駕，則亦及之矣。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     夫骥一日而千里，驽马十驾，则亦及之矣。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Fū jì yīrì ér qiān lǐ, númǎ shí jià, zé yì jí zhī yǐ. [Pinyin]

     The horse Qi Ji could go a thousand li in a day, but with ten days of riding an old nag can also go that far.

8. giddyup (interjection)

Synonyms

• (to control):

edit

• 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
• 主張 / 主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
• 克制 (kèzhì)
• 克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
• 制壓 / 制压 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 制禦 / 制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
• 制約 / 制约 (zhìyuē)
• 君 (jūn) (literary)
• 執掌 / 执掌 (zhízhǎng)
• 壓制 / 压制 (yāzhì)
• 壓抑 / 压抑 (yāyì)
• 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 局限 (júxiàn)
• 左右 (zuǒyòu)
• 把
• 抑制 (yìzhì)
• 把持 (bǎchí)
• 把控 (bǎkòng)
• 把攬 / 把揽 (bǎlǎn)
• 抵制 (dǐzhì)
• 拘束 (jūshù)
• 按 (àn)
• 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
• 控 (literary, or in compounds)
• 控制 (kòngzhì)
• 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
• 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
• 提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
• 撥弄 / 拨弄 (bōnòng)
• 撙節 / 撙节 (zǔnjié)
• 操控 (cāokòng)
• 操縱 / 操纵 (cāozòng)
• 擺佈 / 摆布 (bǎibù)
• 擺治 / 摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
• 支配 (zhīpèi)
• 收斂 / 收敛 (shōuliǎn)
• 束 (literary, or in compounds)
• 束縛 / 束缚 (shùfù)
• 柄 (literary, or in compounds)
• 框 (kuàng)
• 禁錮 / 禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
• 積壓 / 积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
• 節制 / 节制 (jiézhì)
• 節撙 / 节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
• 管制 (guǎnzhì)
• 管束 (guǎnshù)
• 約束 / 约束 (yuēshù)
• 統御 / 统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
• 統治 / 统治 (tǒngzhì)
• 羈束 / 羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
• 裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
• 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
• 鎮 / 镇 (zhèn)
• 限 (xiàn)
• 限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 限制 (xiànzhì)
• 駕馭 / 驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

Compounds

• 並駕 / 并驾
• 並駕齊驅 / 并驾齐驱 (bìngjiàqíqū)
• 乘鶴駕雲 / 乘鹤驾云
• 保駕 / 保驾 (bǎojià)
• 光駕 / 光驾
• 凌駕 (língjià)
• 別駕 / 别驾 (biéjià)
• 勞駕 / 劳驾 (láojià)
• 勸駕 / 劝驾
• 千里命駕
• 半朝鑾駕 / 半朝銮驾
• 命駕 / 命驾
• 嚴駕 / 严驾
• 國際駕照 / 国际驾照
• 夙駕 / 夙驾
• 大駕 / 大驾 (dàjià)
• 大駕光臨 / 大驾光临
• 宮車晏駕 / 宫车晏驾
• 尊駕 / 尊驾 (zūnjià)
• 屈駕 / 屈驾 (qūjià)
• 崩駕 / 崩驾
• 征駕
• 御駕 / 御驾 (yùjià)
• 御駕親征 / 御驾亲征 (yùjiàqīnzhēng)
• 扈駕 / 扈驾
• 打鑾駕 / 打銮驾
• 接駕 / 接驾
• 搗謊駕舌 / 捣谎驾舌
• 擎天駕海 / 擎天驾海 (qíngtiān jià hǎi)
• 擋駕 / 挡驾 (dǎngjià)
• 救駕 / 救驾 (jiùjià)
• 方駕 / 方驾
• 方駕齊驅 / 方驾齐驱
• 星言夙駕 / 星言夙驾
• 星陳夙駕 / 星陈夙驾
• 星駕 / 星驾
• 晏駕 / 晏驾 (yànjià)
• 東曦既駕 / 东曦既驾
• 枉駕 / 枉驾
• 柯駕 / 柯驾
• 法駕 / 法驾 (fǎjià)
• 泛駕 / 泛驾
• 泛駕之馬 / 泛驾之马
• 無照駕駛 / 无照驾驶 (wúzhào jiàshǐ)
• 移駕 / 移驾 (yíjià)
• 稅駕 / 税驾
• 羽駕 / 羽驾
• 聖駕 / 圣驾 (shèngjià)
• 臺駕 / 台驾
• 覂駕 / 覂驾
• 見駕 / 见驾 (jiànjià)
• 親駕 / 亲驾
• 誑駕 / 诳驾
• 護駕 / 护驾 (hùjià)
• 起駕 / 起驾 (qǐjià)
• 車駕 / 车驾 (jūjià)
• 軒駕 / 轩驾
• 速駕 / 速驾
• 鑾駕 / 銮驾 (luánjià)
• 面駕 / 面驾
• 頂喪駕靈 / 顶丧驾灵
• 駕上人 / 驾上人
• 駕凌
• 駕娘 / 驾娘
• 駕崩 / 驾崩 (jiàbēng)
• 駕帖 / 驾帖
• 駕御 / 驾御 (jiàyù)
• 駕照 / 驾照 (jiàzhào)
• 駕臨 / 驾临 (jiàlín)
• 駕說 / 驾说
• 駕車 / 驾车 (jiàchē)
• 駕輕就熟 / 驾轻就熟 (jiàqīngjiùshú)
• 駕返瑤池 / 驾返瑶池
• 駕長 / 驾长
• 駕霧騰雲 / 驾雾腾云
• 駕靈 / 驾灵
• 駕頭 / 驾头
• 駑馬十駕 / 驽马十驾
• 駕馭 / 驾驭 (jiàyù)
• 駕駛 / 驾驶 (jiàshǐ)
• 駙駕 / 驸驾
• 駕駛執照 / 驾驶执照 (jiàshǐ zhízhào)
• 駕駛盤 / 驾驶盘
• 駕鶴西歸 / 驾鹤西归
• 騰雲駕霧 / 腾云驾雾
• 驚駕 / 惊驾
• 鶴駕 / 鹤驾
• 鸞駕 / 鸾驾
• 齊驅並駕 / 齐驱并驾
• 龍駕 / 龙驾

References

• “駕”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “驾”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 103.