坐 - Wikiwand

See also: 座

坐	U+5750, 坐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5750

← 坏
[U+574F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

坑 →
[U+5751]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...

Han character

坐 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人人土 (OOG), four-corner 8810₄, composition ⿻土从 or ⿱𠦏一)

Derived characters

侳, 挫, 𡌚, 䂳, 㟇, 唑, 𢚂, 㛗, 𡨠, 脞, 睉, 銼 (锉), 矬, 剉, 莝, 桽, 髽, 夎, 䦟 (䦷), 座, 痤, 𣨎, 趖, 𫐩, 𪨙

Chinese

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 坐, Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) ...

Historical forms of the character 坐
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (坐) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
脞	sʰal, sʰoːlʔ
侳	ʔsal, ʔsoːls
挫	*ʔsoːls
夎	*ʔsoːls
遳	*sʰloːl
銼	sʰoːls, zoːl, *zoːɡ
剉	*sʰoːls
莝	*sʰoːls
趖	*soːl
矬	*zoːl
痤	*zoːl
睉	*zoːl
坐	zoːlʔ, zoːls
座	*zoːls
髽	*ʔsroːl

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 留 (“to stay”) + 土 (“ground”).

Etymology 1

More information simp. and trad., alternative forms ...

simp. and trad.	坐
alternative forms	𡋲𡊎㘴㘸 ancient 𡋐𡋲𡊎㘴㘸 ancient 𡋐𠱯𡉡𰉗𭍻

Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tangut 𗶠 (*dzu̱², “to sit”), Japhug amdzɯ (“to sit”) (Jacques, 2014; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zuò (zuo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zo⁴

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): zuō

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): zō

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зуә (zuə, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): co⁵ / zo⁶

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): co⁵ / zo³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): to¹
Gan (Wiktionary): co⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhô

(Hailu, HRS): co^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): co¹ / co⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): zue³
Northern Min (KCR): cō
Eastern Min (BUC): sô̤i / cô̤ / suâi
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soe⁵ / zor⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chē / chěr / chě / chēr / chǒ / chō / chǒ͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): zo⁶

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ze⁶ / zo⁷
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): zu⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zo⁵ / zo⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zuò
  - Wade–Giles: tso⁴
  - Yale: dzwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoh
  - Palladius: цзо (czo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zo⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: zuō
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suo⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: zō
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): zo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зуә (zuə, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suə⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: co⁵ / zo⁶
  - Yale: chóh / joh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tso⁵ / dzo⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: co⁵ / zo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔː¹³/, /t͡sɔː²²/

Note:

co5 - vernacular;
zo6 - literary.

- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: co⁵ / zo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔ¹³/, /t͡sɔ³²/

Note:

co5 - vernacular;
zo3 - literary.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: to¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰᵘɔ³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: co⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰo¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhô
  - Hakka Romanization System: co^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: co¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: co^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: co¹ / co⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰo⁵³/

Note:

Meixian:
- co1 - vernacular;
- co4 - literary.

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zue³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡suɤ⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cō
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sô̤i / cô̤ / suâi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɔy²⁴²/, /t͡sɔ²⁴²/, /suɑi²⁴²/

Note: suâi - modern pronunciation of sô̤i.

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: soe⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sē̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬø¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: soe⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬø²¹/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zor⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɒ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zor⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɒ²¹/

Note:

soe5 - vernacular (e.g. 坐落, 坐久);
zor5 - literary (e.g. 坐禪, 連坐).

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Magong, Taichung, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē
  - Tâi-lô: tsē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ze
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡se³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /t͡se²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chěr
  - Tâi-lô: tsěr
  - IPA (Lukang): /t͡sə³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sə²²/
- (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chě
  - Tâi-lô: tsě
  - IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡se³³/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chēr
  - Tâi-lô: tsēr
  - IPA (Kinmen, Singapore): /t͡sə²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ
  - Tâi-lô: tsǒ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡so²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō
  - Tâi-lô: tsō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoi
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡so³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡so²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ͘
  - Tâi-lô: tsǒo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ²²/
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /t͡sɔ³³/

Note:

chē/chěr/chě/chēr, chǒ - vernacular;
chō/chǒ͘ - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zo⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsŏ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so³⁵/

Note: zo6 - Chaozhou, Shantou.

- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: ze⁶ / zo⁷
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɛ³³/, /t͡sɔ⁵⁵/

Note:

ze6 - vernacular;
zo7 - literary.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: zu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su²⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zu
  - MiniDict: zu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zu²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zo⁵ / zo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so²¹/, /t͡so⁴⁵/

Note:

zo5 - vernacular;
zo4 - literary.

Dialectal data

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	edit 坐
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡suo⁵¹/
Harbin	/t͡suo⁵³/
Tianjin	/t͡suo⁵³/
Jinan	/t͡suə²¹/
Qingdao	/t͡suə⁴²/
Zhengzhou	/t͡suo³¹²/
Xi'an	/t͡suo⁴⁴/
Xining	/t͡su²¹³/
Yinchuan	/t͡suə¹³/
Lanzhou	/t͡suə¹³/
Ürümqi	/t͡suɤ²¹³/
Wuhan	/t͡suo³⁵/
Chengdu	/t͡so¹³/
Guiyang	/t͡so²¹³/
Kunming	/t͡so²¹²/
Nanjing	/t͡so⁴⁴/
Hefei	/t͡sʊ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡suɤ⁴⁵/
Pingyao	/t͡ɕye̞³⁵/ /t͡suə³⁵/
Hohhot	/t͡suɤ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zu²³/
Suzhou	/zəu³¹/
Hangzhou	/d͡zo¹³/
Wenzhou	/zo³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰo³⁵/
Tunxi	/t͡sʰo²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡so⁵⁵/ /t͡so¹¹/
Xiangtan	/d͡zo²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰo²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰo⁴⁴/
Taoyuan	/t͡sʰo²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɔ²²/ /t͡sʰɔ²³/
Nanning	/t͡sʰɔ²⁴/
Hong Kong	/t͡sɔ²²/ /t͡sʰɔ¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡so²²/ /t͡se²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sɔy²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡so⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡so³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡se³³/

Middle Chinese: dzwaX

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	坐
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徂果切
Baxter	dzwaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zuɑ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zuɑ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zuɑ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zwa^X/
Li Rong	/d͡zuɑ^X/
Wang Li	/d͡zuɑ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱuɑ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zuò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zo⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ/, /*m-[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*zoːlʔ/

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	坐	坐
Reading #	1/3	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zuò	zuò
Middle Chinese	‹ dzwa^X ›	‹ dzwa^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ/	/*m-[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ/
English	sit	to set
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坐
Reading #	1/2
No.	18064
Phonetic component	坐
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	坐
Old Chinese	/*zoːlʔ/

Definitions

坐

to sit; to take a seat
坐下 ― zuòxià ― to sit down

請坐！／请坐！ [Hokkien] ― Chhiáⁿ chē! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Please take a seat!
to go by; to travel by; to ride
坐公交車不小心坐過頭 [MSC, trad.]
坐公交车不小心坐过头 [MSC, simp.]
zuò gōngjiāochē bù xiǎoxīn zuò guòtóu [Pinyin]
to miss one's stop on the bus

我坐飛機去上海。 [MSC, trad.]
我坐飞机去上海。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ zuò fēijī qù Shànghǎi. [Pinyin]
I go to Shanghai by plane.

她開車去，不坐火車去。 [MSC, trad.]
她开车去，不坐火车去。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā kāichē qù, bù zuò huǒchē qù. [Pinyin]
She does not go by train, she drives.
to bear fruit
(literary) because of; on the ground of
to be in charge of; to manage
to uphold; to fight until the end without giving up
坐鎮／坐镇 ― zuòzhèn ― to assume personal command
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to be convicted (of a crime)
- 元狩元年，坐與淮南王謀反，誅。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  元狩元年，坐与淮南王谋反，诛。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 漢書·卷十六高惠高后文功臣表第四
  Yuánshòu yuánnián, zuò yǔ huáinán wáng móufǎn, zhū. [Pinyin]
  In the first year of Yuanshou, convicted of conspiring with King of Huainan to rebel, executed.

Descendants

→ Ai-Cham: zai⁶

Compounds

上高坐
不忍坐視 / 不忍坐视 (bùrěnzuòshì)
並坐 / 并坐
主坐
久坐 (jiǔzuò)
乘亂坐大 / 乘乱坐大
乘坐 (chéngzuò)
乘機坐大 / 乘机坐大
住坐
促坐
倒坐
僭坐
兀坐
兩坐 / 两坐
列坐 (lièzuò)
割席分坐
匡坐
升坐
危坐
反坐 (fǎnzuò)
同坐 (tóngzuò)
同起同坐
告坐
呆坐
四坐
因循坐誤 / 因循坐误
圍坐 / 围坐 (wéizuò)
團坐 / 团坐 (tuánzuò)
坐下 (zuòxià)
坐上客
坐不住 (zuò bu zhù)
坐不垂堂
坐不安席 (zuò bù ān xí)
坐不穩 / 坐不稳
坐不窺堂 / 坐不窥堂
坐井觀天 / 坐井观天 (zuòjǐngguāntiān)
坐交椅
坐享 (zuòxiǎng)
坐享其成 (zuòxiǎngqíchéng)
坐以待斃 / 坐以待毙 (zuòyǐdàibì)
坐以待旦
坐位 (zuòwèi)
坐具 (zuòjù)
坐冷子
坐冷板凳 (zuò lěngbǎndèng)
坐功
坐化 (zuòhuà)
坐名
坐吃山崩
坐吃山空 (zuòchīshānkōng)
坐喫山崩 / 坐吃山崩
坐嘯 / 坐啸
坐困 (zuòkùn)
坐困愁城
坐地 (zuòdì)
坐地分贓 / 坐地分赃
坐坐
坐坡
坐堂 (zuòtáng)
坐墊 / 坐垫 (zuòdiàn)
坐夜 (zuòyè)
坐大
坐天下
坐失 (zuòshī)
坐失良機 / 坐失良机
坐婆
坐守 (zuòshǒu)
坐定 (zuòdìng)
坐客
坐家女兒 / 坐家女儿
坐家虎
坐富貴 / 坐富贵
坐實 / 坐实 (zuòshí)
坐席 (zuòxí)
坐帳 / 坐帐
坐年
坐床
坐床富貴 / 坐床富贵
坐床撒帳 / 坐床撒帐
坐廳 / 坐厅 (zuòtīng)
坐忘
坐性
坐懷不亂 / 坐怀不乱
坐擁書城 / 坐拥书城
坐擁百城 / 坐拥百城
坐收漁利 / 坐收渔利 (zuòshōuyúlì)
坐斷 / 坐断
坐春風 / 坐春风
坐更
坐曹
坐月子 (zuòyuèzi)
坐板瘡 / 坐板疮
坐標 / 坐标 (zuòbiāo)
坐標軸 / 坐标轴
坐檯子 / 坐台子
坐殿
坐江山
坐法 (zuòfǎ)
坐浴
坐無車公 / 坐无车公
坐牢 (zuòláo)
坐產招夫 / 坐产招夫
坐監 / 坐监
坐視 / 坐视 (zuòshì)
坐視成敗 / 坐视成败
坐禪 / 坐禅 (zuòchán)
坐科
坐窩子 / 坐窝子
坐立不安 (zuòlìbù'ān)
坐簿
坐籌帷幄 / 坐筹帷幄
坐紅椅子 / 坐红椅子
坐索
坐纛旂兒 / 坐纛旗儿
坐罪
坐而待斃 / 坐而待毙
坐而待旦
坐而論道 / 坐而论道 (zuò'érlùndào)
坐臥不安 / 坐卧不安
坐臥不寧 / 坐卧不宁 (zuòwòbùníng)
坐致
坐草
坐莊 / 坐庄 (zuòzhuāng)
坐落 (zuòluò)
坐蓐 (zuòrù)
坐薪嘗膽 / 坐薪尝胆
坐薪懸膽 / 坐薪悬胆
坐藥 / 坐药 (zuòyào)
坐蘿蔔 / 坐萝卜
坐蠟 / 坐蜡
坐褥
坐觀成敗 / 坐观成败
坐言起行
坐賈 / 坐贾
坐起
坐車 / 坐车 (zuòchē)
坐轎 / 坐轿
坐部伎
坐鎮 / 坐镇 (zuòzhèn)
坐鐘 / 坐钟
坐間 / 坐间
坐關 / 坐关
坐隱 / 坐隐
坐頭 / 坐头
坐食 (zuòshí)
坐館 / 坐馆 (zuòguǎn)
坐馳 / 坐驰
坐騎 / 坐骑 (zuòqí)
坐骨 (zuògǔ)
坐骨神經 / 坐骨神经 (zuògǔ shénjīng)
如坐春風 / 如坐春风
如坐針氈 / 如坐针毡 (rúzuòzhēnzhān)
如坐鍼氈 / 如坐针毡
如坐雲霧 / 如坐云雾
存坐
安坐 (ānzuò)
安坐待斃 / 安坐待毙
宥坐器
宴坐
寬坐 / 宽坐 (kuānzuò)
對坐 / 对坐
小坐 (xiǎozuò)
少坐
就坐 (jiùzuò)
尻坐
席地而坐 (xídì'érzuò)
席坐
平起平坐 (píngqǐpíngzuò)
廣坐 / 广坐 (guǎngzuò)
從坐 / 从坐 (cóngzuò)
悶坐 / 闷坐
愁坐
打坐 (dǎzuò)
打坐坡
打酒坐
掇坐
搖席破坐 / 摇席破坐
擦坐
敦坐
敬陪末坐
整襟危坐
旁坐
日坐愁城
枕戈坐甲
枯坐 (kūzuò)
極坐標 / 极坐标 (jízuòbiāo)
橫坐標 / 横坐标 (héngzuòbiāo)
正襟危坐 (zhèngjīnwēizuò)
歸坐 / 归坐
法坐
灌夫罵坐 / 灌夫骂坐
燕坐
爭坐位帖 / 争坐位帖
環坐 / 环坐
發風罵坐 / 发风骂坐
盤坐 / 盘坐
盤腿而坐 / 盘腿而坐
盤膝而坐 / 盘膝而坐
直角坐標 / 直角坐标
相坐 (xiāngzuò)
看坐兒 / 看坐儿
禁坐
稠人廣坐 / 稠人广坐 (chóurén guǎngzuò)
端坐 (duānzuò)
箕坐
緣坐 / 缘坐
縱坐標 / 纵坐标 (zòngzuòbiāo)
罵坐 / 骂坐
罵坐灌夫 / 骂坐灌夫
肅坐 / 肃坐
落坐
行三坐五
行動坐臥 / 行动坐卧
行吟坐詠 / 行吟坐咏
行坐
行坐不安 (xíngzuòbù'ān)
行思坐想
行思坐憶 / 行思坐忆
行監坐守 / 行监坐守
起坐
趺坐 (fūzuò)
跂坐
跛立箕坐
跪坐
踞坐
蹲坐
連坐 / 连坐 (liánzuò)
酒坐 (jiǔzuò)
閒坐 / 闲坐
陪坐
隅坐
隨坐 / 随坐
靜坐 / 静坐 (jìngzuò)
面壁坐禪 / 面壁坐禅
竟坐
顒坐 / 颙坐
驚坐 / 惊坐
高坐 (gāozuò)
默坐 (mòzuò)

Etymology 2

More information simp. and trad. ...

simp. and trad.	坐

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zuò (zuo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zo⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zuò
  - Wade–Giles: tso⁴
  - Yale: dzwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoh
  - Palladius: цзо (czo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zo⁶
  - Yale: joh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzo⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔː²²/

Middle Chinese: dzwaH

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	坐
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徂卧切
Baxter	dzwaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zuɑ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zuɑ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zuɑ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zwa^H/
Li Rong	/d͡zuɑ^H/
Wang Li	/d͡zuɑ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱuɑ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zuò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zo⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*zoːls/

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	坐
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zuò
Middle Chinese	‹ dzwa^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ-s/
English	seat n.
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坐
Reading #	2/2
No.	18065
Phonetic component	坐
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*zoːls/

Definitions

坐

alternative form of 座 (zuò)

Usage notes

This form was also proposed in the second round of simplification.

References

“坐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“坐”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “坐”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 128.