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夷
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
夷 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大弓 (KN) or 難大弓 (XKN), four-corner 50032, composition ⿻大弓)
Derived terms
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 249, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5852
- Dae Jaweon: page 509, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 527, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5937
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Originally ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 矢 (“arrow”) + [Term?] (“rope”).
Later forms ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 大 (“person; big”) + 弓 (“bow”).
Etymology 1
According to Yuè Juè Shū (越絕書), 夷 (OC *lil) is also the Yue word for "sea" (1). Therefore, Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *d(n)liʔ (“large river, sea”) (whence Khmer ទន្លេ (tŭənlei, “large river”) and Kuy [script needed] (thlèː, “sea”)). Meanwhile, Schuessler associates similar Hmong forms like Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao tl̥e (“river”) (< Proto-Hmong-Mien *gle) to *溪 (OC *kʰeː) "creek, rivulet, rill" instead.
In contrast, Ferlus (2009) reconstructs 夷's Old Chinese pronunciation as [lɨ] and connects 夷 to Proto-Kra-Dai *k-ri: (“Kra-Dai endonym”) (whence Thai ไท (tai, “"Tai endonym"”) and Hlai Hlai (“"Hlai endonym"”)). However, Ferlus concedes that such a derivation of 夷 from *k-ri: "remains speculative, [...] not as firmly established as for Hlai and Tai/Thai".
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ji4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì
- Northern Min (KCR): ǐ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6yi / 2yi
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yí
- Zhuyin: ㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yí
- Wade–Giles: i2
- Yale: yí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yi
- Palladius: и (i)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ji4
- Yale: yìh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ji4
- Guangdong Romanization: yi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /i²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Wugniu: 6yi
- MiniDict: yi去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3hhi
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/
- (Northern: Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
- Wugniu: 2yi
- MiniDict: yi平
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɦi³¹/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦi²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦi²²³/
- Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɦi¹³/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ɦi³¹/
- Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /ɦi²²/
- Sinological IPA (Haining): /ɦi¹¹³/
- Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /ɦi³¹/
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦi²³/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɦi²³¹/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɦi³¹³/
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: yij
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ləj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*lil/
Definitions
夷
(obsolete)
- an ancient tribe in eastern China
- (derogatory) barbarian; foreigners; non-Han people
- to level; to raze
- to eradicate; to obliterate
- 夷三族 [Classical Chinese] ― yí sān zú [Pinyin] ― to exterminate three clans (as a form of kin punishment)
- (in compound) flat; level; smooth; safe
- 23rd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ease" (𝌜)
Synonyms
Compounds
- 不夷
- 不夷不惠
- 以夷伐夷
- 以夷制夷
- 以夷治夷
- 伯夷
- 伯夷叔齊 / 伯夷叔齐
- 伯夷父
- 優婆夷 / 优婆夷 (yōupóyí)
- 冰夷 (Bīngyí)
- 凌夷 (língyí)
- 創夷 / 创夷
- 化險為夷 / 化险为夷 (huà xiǎn wéi yí)
- 匪夷所思 (fěiyísuǒsī)
- 南夷
- 參夷 / 参夷
- 唐夷
- 四夷 (sìyí)
- 均夷作用
- 坦夷
- 夏威夷
- 夏威夷州
- 夷三族
- 夷世
- 夷九族
- 夷人 (yírén)
- 夷俟
- 夷堅志 / 夷坚志
- 夷姤
- 夷平 (yípíng)
- 夷延
- 夷悅 / 夷悦 (yíyuè)
- 夷惠
- 夷愉 (yíyú)
- 夷懌 / 夷怿
- 夷戮
- 夷易
- 夷昧
- 夷服
- 夷槃 (yípán)
- 夷歌
- 夷滅 / 夷灭
- 夷漫
- 夷為平地 / 夷为平地 (yíwéipíngdì)
- 夷狄 (yídí)
- 夷猶 / 夷犹
- 夷由
- 夷瘳
- 夷白
- 夷簡 / 夷简
- 夷衾
- 夷陵 (Yílíng)
- 夷險 / 夷险
- 夷險一節 / 夷险一节
- 夷靡
- 夷齊 / 夷齐
- 女夷
- 尊王攘夷 (zūnwángrǎngyí)
- 履險如夷 / 履险如夷
- 島夷 / 岛夷 (dǎoyí)
- 嵎夷
- 希夷
- 平夷
- 擺夷 / 摆夷 (Bǎiyí)
- 攘夷 (rǎngyí)
- 新夷
- 明夷 (míngyí)
- 昆夷
- 東夷 / 东夷 (Dōngyí)
- 武夷山 (Wǔyíshān)
- 毀宗夷族 / 毁宗夷族
- 民夷
- 江左夷吾
- 波羅夷 / 波罗夷 (bōluóyí)
- 淮夷
- 淩夷 / 凌夷 (língyí)
- 混夷
- 無夷 / 无夷
- 燒夷彈 / 烧夷弹
- 猶夷 / 犹夷 (yóuyù)
- 用夏變夷 / 用夏变夷
- 畎夷
- 番夷
- 視險如夷 / 视险如夷 (shìxiǎnrúyí)
- 視險若夷 / 视险若夷 (shìxiǎnruòyí)
- 芟夷 (shānyí)
- 蠻夷 / 蛮夷 (mányí)
- 蠻夷戎狄 / 蛮夷戎狄 (mányí róngdí)
- 裔夷 (yìyí)
- 西南夷 (Xīnányí)
- 讎夷 / 雠夷
- 赴險如夷 / 赴险如夷
- 辛夷 (xīnyí)
- 鄙夷 (bǐyí)
- 醜夷 / 丑夷
- 陵夷 (língyí)
- 馮夷 / 冯夷 (Féngyí)
- 鳥夷 / 鸟夷
- 鴟夷 / 鸱夷
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thâi
Definitions
夷
References
- “夷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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