幸福

Chinese

		fortunate; lucky	good fortune; happiness; luck good fortune; happiness; luck; Fujian province (abbrev.); surname
simp. and trad. (幸福)		幸	福

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• 幸福

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xìngfú

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hang⁶ fuk¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hen-fuk

  (Hailu, HRS): hen^˖ fug

• Eastern Min (BUC): hâing-hók
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hēng-hok / hěng-hok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng⁶ hog⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yin-foq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xìngfú
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sìngfú
    • Wade–Giles: hsing⁴-fu²
    • Yale: syìng-fú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinqfwu
    • Palladius: синфу (sinfu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁵¹ fu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)⁺
    • Jyutping: hang⁶ fuk¹
    • Yale: hahng fūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁶ fuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: heng⁶ fug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²² fʊk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hen-fuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: hen fug^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hen⁴ fug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /hen⁵⁵ fuk̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: hen^˖ fug
    • Sinological IPA: /hen³³ fuk⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hâing-hók
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(h-)ŋouʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēng-hok
    • Tâi-lô: hīng-hok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hexnghog
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hěng-hok
    • Tâi-lô: hǐng-hok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²² hɔk̚⁵/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hêng⁶ hog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hĕng hok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /heŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hok̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶yin-foq
    • MiniDict: yin^去 foh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhin-foq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦin²² foʔ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: heangX pjuwk

Rime
Character	幸	福
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	胡耿切	方六切
Baxter	heangX	pjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛŋX/	/pɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæŋX/	/piuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐŋX/	/piuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨjŋX/	/puwk̚/
Li Rong	/ɣɛŋX/	/piuk̚/
Wang Li	/ɣæŋX/	/pĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣæŋX/	/pi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hèng	fu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang6	fuk1

Adjective

幸福

1. (of one's life, circumstances, etc.) blessed and satisfactory; consummate; joyful; (of a person) living a blessed and contented life

   祝你幸福。  ―  Zhù nǐ xìngfú.  ―  Wish you happiness.

   幸福的家庭  ―  xìngfú de jiātíng  ―  happy family

   幸福的童年  ―  xìngfú de tóngnián  ―  happy childhood

   幸福的婚姻  ―  xìngfú de hūnyīn  ―  happy marriage

   從此過著幸福快樂的日子 [MSC, trad.]
   从此过着幸福快乐的日子 [MSC, simp.]

   cóngcǐ guòzhe xìngfú kuàilè de rìzi [Pinyin]

   to live happily ever after

   單身也可以很幸福。 [MSC, trad.]
   单身也可以很幸福。 [MSC, simp.]

   Dānshēn yě kěyǐ hěn xìngfú. [Pinyin]

   A single life can also be a happy one.

   我們都嚮往幸福的生活。 [MSC, trad.]
   我们都向往幸福的生活。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒmen dōu xiàngwǎng xìngfú de shēnghuó. [Pinyin]

   We all long for a happy life.

Usage notes

The meaning of this word is difficult to render accurately in English. It is typically glossed as “happy; happiness” in dictionaries, however, a sharp distinction between 幸福 and some of the other words for “happy” is made in Chinese.

Xingfu typically refers to a state of long-term happiness with one's life, and implies having a loving family, spouse, or a sense of general well-being. This is in contrast to words such as 開心／开心 (kāixīn) and 快樂／快乐 (kuàilè), which refer to a state of fleeting happiness, or a relatively short elevation in mood that comes with certain news, event, activity, etc.

Derived terms

• 小幸福
• 幸福度
• 幸福感 (xìngfúgǎn)
• 幸福論 / 幸福论
• 幸福院

Noun

幸福

1. sense of contentment stemming from having a blessed and fulfilled life; blissful life or living circumstances; happiness

   曬幸福／晒幸福  ―  shài xìngfú  ―  to show off one's moments of happiness (on social media)

   婚姻幸福  ―  hūnyīn xìngfú  ―  to have a happy marriage

   追求幸福  ―  zhuīqiú xìngfú  ―  to pursue happiness

   創造幸福／创造幸福  ―  chuàngzào xìngfú  ―  to create happiness in life

   一點一滴的幸福／一点一滴的幸福  ―  yīdiǎnyīdī de xìngfú  ―  every little bits of happiness in life

   沒有成功，哪來的幸福？ [MSC, trad.]
   没有成功，哪来的幸福？ [MSC, simp.]

   Méiyǒu chénggōng, nǎ lái de xìngfú? [Pinyin]

   How can one be happy without success?

Synonyms

• (literary, or in compounds) 福 (fú)

Derived terms

• 性福 (xìngfú)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (幸福):

• → Japanese: 幸福(こうふく) (kōfuku)
• → Korean: 행복(幸福) (haengbok)
• → Vietnamese: hạnh phúc (幸福)

Others:

• → Bouyei: xinqfuf

Proper noun

幸福

1. (～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan

See also

• 開心／开心 (kāixīn)
• 快樂／快乐 (kuàilè)