成功

Chinese

		finish; complete; accomplish finish; complete; accomplish; become; turn into; win; succeed; one tenth	merit; achievement; result merit; achievement; result; service; accomplishment
simp. and trad. (成功)		成	功
anagram		功成

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 成功 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• Sêng-kong-tìn (Southern Min)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): chénggōng

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄥ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чынгун (čɨngun, I-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁴ gung¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n-kûng

  (Hailu, HRS): shin gung^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): sìng-gŭng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing² gorng¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sêng-kong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵ gong¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zen-kon

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chénggōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chénggong
    • Wade–Giles: chʻêng²-kung¹
    • Yale: chéng-gūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chernggong
    • Palladius: чэнгун (čɛngun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чынгун (čɨngun, I-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ kuŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sing⁴ gung¹
    • Yale: sìhng gūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴ gung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴ gung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n-kûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: siin^ˇ gung^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sin² gung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: shin gung^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃin⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng-gŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(k-)ŋuŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing² gorng¹ [Phonetic: sing⁵ ngorng¹]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: síng-go̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^(k-)ŋɒŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing² gorng¹ [Phonetic: sing⁵ ngorng¹]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^(k-)ŋɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-kong
    • Tâi-lô: sîng-kong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sengkofng
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sêng⁵ gong¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng kong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zen-kon
    • MiniDict: zen^去 kon
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen-kon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²² koŋ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyeng kuwng

Rime
Character	成	功
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	是征切	古紅切
Baxter	dzyeng	kuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇŋ/	/kuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛŋ/	/kuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiæŋ/	/kuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiajŋ/	/kəwŋ/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛŋ/	/kuŋ/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛŋ/	/kuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛŋ/	/kuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chéng	gōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing4	gung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]eŋ|m-[d]eŋ  kˤoŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djeŋ  koːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	成	成	功
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chéng	chéng	gōng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyeng ›	‹ dzyeng ›	‹ kuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]eŋ/	/*m-[d]eŋ/	/*kˁoŋ/
English	to become (v.i.)	to complete (tr. v)	work, effort
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	成	功
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1417	4021
Phonetic component	成	工
Rime group	耕	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	成	公
Old Chinese	/*djeŋ/	/*koːŋ/
Notes	說文丁聲，甲文戌下一豎， 或表戈已製成

Verb

成功

1. to succeed; to achieve success; to be successful

   付款成功。  ―  Fùkuǎn chénggōng.  ―  Payment successful.

   那次抗議沒成功。 [MSC, trad.]
   那次抗议没成功。 [MSC, simp.]

   Nà cì kàngyì méi chénggōng. [Pinyin]

   That protest was not successful.

   雖然我們不敢說你一定會成功，但是也絕對沒有人敢說你一定不會成功！ [MSC, trad.]
   虽然我们不敢说你一定会成功，但是也绝对没有人敢说你一定不会成功！ [MSC, simp.]

   Suīrán wǒmen bùgǎn shuō nǐ yīdìng huì chénggōng, dànshì yě juéduì méiyǒu rén gǎn shuō nǐ yīdìng bùhuì chénggōng! [Pinyin]

   Though we dare not say you'll definitely succeed, no one would dare say you definitely won't!

2. (literary) to complete a task

   • 東漸于海，西被于流沙，朔南暨聲教訖于四海。禹錫玄圭，告厥成功。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     东渐于海，西被于流沙，朔南暨声教讫于四海。禹锡玄圭，告厥成功。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE

     Dōng jiàn yú hǎi, xī bèi yú liúshā, shuò nán jì shēngjiào qì yú sìhǎi. Yǔ xī xuánguī, gào jué chénggōng. [Pinyin]

     On the east, reaching to the sea; on the west, extending to the moving sands; to the utmost limits of the north and south— his fame and influence filled up (all within) the four seas. Yu presented the dark-coloured symbol of his rank, and announced the completion of his work.

3. (literary) to gather in the crops; to harvest
4. (literary) to agree; to allow; to permit

Synonyms

• (to succeed):

edit

• 勝利 / 胜利 (shènglì)
• 樂成 / 乐成 (lèchéng) (literary)
• 獲得成功 / 获得成功 (huòdé chénggōng)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “to succeed”): 失敗／失败 (shībài)

Noun

成功

1. success; prosperity

   取得成功  ―  qǔdé chénggōng  ―  to succeed

   沒有成功，哪來的幸福？ [MSC, trad.]
   没有成功，哪来的幸福？ [MSC, simp.]

   Méiyǒu chénggōng, nǎ lái de xìngfú? [Pinyin]

   How can one be happy without success?

   失敗乃成功之母。 [MSC, trad.]
   失败乃成功之母。 [MSC, simp.]

   Shībài nǎi chénggōng zhī mǔ. [Pinyin]

   Failure is the mother of success. (proverb)

   最後，預祝大會獲得圓滿成功！ [MSC, trad.]
   最后，预祝大会获得圆满成功！ [MSC, simp.]

   Zuìhòu, yùzhù dàhuì huòdé yuánmǎn chénggōng! [Pinyin]

   To conclude, I wish the conference a great success!

2. (literary) achievements; exploits; deeds
3. (literary) effect; outcome

Adjective

成功

1. successful

   一個很成功的人／一个很成功的人  ―  yī ge hěn chénggōng de rén  ―  a very successful person

   他成功獲得哈佛大學獎學金，前往美國深造。 [MSC, trad.]
   他成功获得哈佛大学奖学金，前往美国深造。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā chénggōng huòdé Hāfó Dàxué jiǎngxuéjīn, qiánwǎng Měiguó shēnzào. [Pinyin]

   He successfully gained a scholarship from the Harvard University, and went to the US to further his studies.

Proper noun

成功

1. (～鎮) Chenggong (an urban township in Taitung County, Taiwan)
2. (～村) Chenggong (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

Derived terms

• 失敗是成功之母 / 失败是成功之母 (shībài shì chénggōng zhī mǔ)
• 成功嶺 / 成功岭
• 成功率 (chénggōnglǜ)
• 迄未成功
• 馬到成功 / 马到成功 (mǎdào-chénggōng)

See also

• 功成 (gōngchéng)
• 功成名就 (gōngchéngmíngjiù)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (成功):

• → Japanese: 成功(せいこう) (seikō)
• → Korean: 성공(成功) (seonggong)
• → Vietnamese: thành công (成功)

References

• “成功”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 37.