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強
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
強 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈中戈 (NILI), four-corner 13236, composition ⿰弓𧈧 or ⿸弘虫)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 359, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9815
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 999, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5F37
Chinese
Glyph origin
Zhengzhang (2003): Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ): phonetic 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ) + semantic 虫 (“insect”). Ji Xusheng (2014) gives 𪪺 as the phonetic component instead. Original form of 𧖑 (“rice weevil”). Later borrowed to represent 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ, “strong”).
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ): phonetic 弘 (OC *ɡʷɯːŋ) + semantic 虫 (“insect”).
The character 強 likely originally referred to the rice weevil, an insect that attacks rice and several other crops, before being phonetically borrowed to represent the sense of "strong; powerful", which was previously represented by the character 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ).
Etymology
(egg): Typo of 蛋; they have the same keystrokes in Simplified Cangjie.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): koeng4
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): kiang3
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): koeng4
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): giòng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gyorng2 / gyoeng2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6jian
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qiáng
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciáng
- Wade–Giles: chʻiang2
- Yale: chyáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyang
- Palladius: цян (cjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: koeng4
- Yale: kèuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: koeng4
- Guangdong Romanization: kêng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰœːŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: kiang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiaŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiòng
- Hakka Romanization System: kiongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiong2
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: kiong
- Sinological IPA: /kʰioŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: giòng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyoŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gyorng2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gió̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyɒŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gyoeng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyøŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiûⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kiûnn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kviuu
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /kiũ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiông
- Tâi-lô: kiông
- Phofsit Daibuun: kioong
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /kiɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâng
- Tâi-lô: kiâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiaang
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
Note:
- kiûⁿ - vernacular;
- kiông/kiâng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kiang5 / gion5 / giên5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiâng / kiôⁿ / kiêⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiaŋ⁵⁵/, /kĩõ⁵⁵/, /kĩẽ⁵⁵/
- (Teochew)
- kiang5 - "strong", "forceful";
- gion5/giên5 - "superior, better" (giên5 - Chaozhou).
Note:
- Middle Chinese: gjang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kaŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaŋ/
Definitions
強
- strong; powerful; energetic
- to strengthen
- staunch; strong-willed
- brutal; forceful
- capable; of a high level
- superior; better
- slightly more than; plus
- 束緼宵行十里强，挑得詩囊，抛了衣囊。 [Ci, trad.]
- From: c. 1239, Liu Kezhuang（劉克莊）,一剪梅•余赴廣東實之夜餞於風亭
- Shù yùn xiāo xíng shílǐ qiáng, tiǎo dé shī náng, pāo le yī náng. [Pinyin]
- With burning hemps, I walked for more than ten li.
Carrying on my shoulders a bundle of poetry books,
And the parcel of garments I threw into brooks.
束缊宵行十里强，挑得诗囊，抛了衣囊。 [Ci, simp.]
- final contestants in a competition; finalist
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, sometimes deliberate) misspelling of 蛋 (dàn)
Synonyms
Antonyms
- 弱 (ruò)
Compounds
- 不強 / 不强
- 不憚強禦 / 不惮强御
- 不畏強禦 / 不畏强御
- 以弱制強 / 以弱制强
- 以強陵弱 / 以强陵弱
- 伯強 / 伯强
- 倚強凌弱
- 倚強欺弱 / 倚强欺弱 (yǐqiáng qī ruò)
- 兵強 / 兵强
- 兵強將勇 / 兵强将勇
- 兵強將盛 / 兵强将盛 (bīng qiáng jiàng shèng)
- 兵強馬壯 / 兵强马壮 (bīngqiángmǎzhuàng)
- 刁蹬用強 / 刁蹬用强
- 列強 / 列强 (lièqiáng)
- 剛強 / 刚强 (gāngqiáng)
- 力強 / 力强
- 加強 / 加强 (jiāqiáng)
- 北方之強 / 北方之强
- 南方之強 / 南方之强
- 博聞強記 / 博闻强记 (bówénqiángjì)
- 博聞強識 / 博闻强识 (bówénqiángzhì)
- 占強
- 口強 / 口强
- 四強 / 四强 (sìqiáng)
- 國富兵強 / 国富兵强 (guófùbīngqiáng)
- 國富民強 / 国富民强 (guófùmínqiáng)
- 地震強度 / 地震强度
- 堅強 / 坚强 (jiānqiáng)
- 增強 / 增强 (zēngqiáng)
- 壓強 / 压强 (yāqiáng)
- 外強中乾 / 外强中干 (wàiqiángzhōnggān)
- 多聞強記 / 多闻强记
- 奮發圖強 / 奋发图强 (fènfātúqiáng)
- 奮發自強 / 奋发自强
- 女強人 / 女强人 (nǚqiángrén)
- 好強 / 好强 (hàoqiáng)
- 富國強兵 / 富国强兵 (fùguóqiángbīng)
- 富強 / 富强 (fùqiáng)
- 富強康樂 / 富强康乐
- 差強人意 / 差强人意
- 年富力強 / 年富力强 (niánfùlìqiáng)
- 康強 / 康强
- 強人 / 强人 (qiángrén)
- 強仕 / 强仕
- 強似 / 强似 (qiángsì)
- 強健 / 强健 (qiángjiàn)
- 強力 / 强力 (qiánglì)
- 強力膠 / 强力胶 (qiánglìjiāo)
- 強勁 / 强劲 (qiángjìng)
- 強勢 / 强势 (qiángshì)
- 強勢貨幣 / 强势货币
- 強化 / 强化 (qiánghuà)
- 強化玻璃 / 强化玻璃
- 強化食品 / 强化食品
- 強半 / 强半 (qiángbàn)
- 強占 (qiángzhàn)
- 強固 / 强固 (qiánggù)
- 強圉 / 强圉
- 強壯 / 强壮 (qiángzhuàng)
- 強壯劑 / 强壮剂
- 強大 / 强大 (qiángdà)
- 強奪 / 强夺 (qiángduó)
- 強姦 / 强奸 (qiángjiān)
- 強姦民意 / 强奸民意
- 強宗 / 强宗
- 強寇 / 强寇
- 強幹弱枝 / 强干弱枝
- 強度 / 强度 (qiángdù)
- 強弓硬弩 / 强弓硬弩 (qiáng gōng yìng nǔ)
- 強弩 / 强弩
- 強弩之末 / 强弩之末 (qiángnǔzhīmò)
- 強弱 / 强弱 (qiángruò)
- 強弱懸殊 / 强弱悬殊
- 強強滾 / 强强滚 (qiángqiánggǔn)
- 強心劑 / 强心剂 (qiángxīnjì)
- 強心針 / 强心针 (qiángxīnzhēn)
- 強悍 / 强悍 (qiánghàn)
- 強搶 / 强抢 (qiángqiǎng)
- 強敵環伺 / 强敌环伺
- 強暴 / 强暴 (qiángbào)
- 強有力 / 强有力 (qiángyǒulì)
- 強本弱枝 / 强本弱枝
- 強梁 (qiángliáng)
- 強梗 / 强梗
- 強棒 / 强棒
- 強橫 / 强横 (qiánghèng)
- 強權 / 强权 (qiángquán)
- 強權外交 / 强权外交
- 強權政治 / 强权政治 (qiángquán zhèngzhì)
- 強死 / 强死 (qiángsǐ)
- 強波器 / 强波器
- 強渡 / 强渡 (qiángdù)
- 強烈 / 强烈 (qiángliè)
- 強盛 / 强盛 (qiángshèng)
- 強盜 / 强盗 (qiángdào)
- 強盜演戲 / 强盗演戏
- 強硬 / 强硬 (qiángyìng)
- 強硬手段 / 强硬手段
- 強者 / 强者 (qiángzhě)
- 強虜 / 强虏
- 強行軍 / 强行军 (qiángxíngjūn)
- 強記 / 强记
- 強記洽聞 / 强记洽闻
- 強調 / 强调 (qiángdiào)
- 強諫 / 强谏
- 強酸 / 强酸 (qiángsuān)
- 強韌 / 强韧
- 強項 / 强项 (qiángxiàng)
- 強風特報 / 强风特报
- 強鹼 / 强碱
- 強點 / 强点 (qiángdiǎn)
- 恃強凌弱 (shìqiánglíngruò)
- 恃強欺弱 / 恃强欺弱
- 抓尖要強 / 抓尖要强
- 扶弱抑強 / 扶弱抑强
- 抑強扶弱 / 抑强扶弱 (yìqiángfúruò)
- 撇強 / 撇强
- 木強則折 / 木强则折
- 本事高強 / 本事高强
- 板強 / 板强
- 極限強度 / 极限强度
- 民富國強 / 民富国强 (mínfùguóqiáng)
- 氣強 / 气强
- 洽聞強記 / 洽闻强记
- 濟弱鋤強 / 济弱锄强
- 火性強陽 / 火性强阳
- 煞強如 / 煞强如
- 爭勝要強 / 争胜要强
- 爭強 / 争强 (zhēngqiáng)
- 爭強好勝 / 争强好胜
- 爭強賭勝 / 争强赌胜
- 爭強顯勝 / 争强显胜
- 爭強鬥勝 / 争强斗胜
- 特強 / 特强
- 畏強凌弱
- 疲乏強度 / 疲乏强度
- 發憤圖強 / 发愤图强 (fāfèntúqiáng)
- 硬弩強弓 / 硬弩强弓
- 精明強幹 / 精明强干
- 索強如 / 索强如
- 維新圖強 / 维新图强
- 繁榮富強 / 繁荣富强
- 肥強 / 肥强
- 自強 / 自强 (zìqiáng)
- 自強不息 / 自强不息 (zìqiángbùxī)
- 自強學堂 / 自强学堂
- 自強活動 / 自强活动
- 自立自強 / 自立自强 (zìlìzìqiáng)
- 莊敬自強 / 庄敬自强
- 補強 / 补强 (bǔqiáng)
- 要強 / 要强 (yàoqiáng)
- 誇勝道強 / 夸胜道强
- 誇強說會 / 夸强说会
- 豪俠強徒 / 豪侠强徒
- 豪強 / 豪强 (háoqiáng)
- 超強 / 超强
- 超級強國 / 超级强国
- 身強力壯 / 身强力壮 (shēnqiánglìzhuàng)
- 逞強 / 逞强 (chěngqiáng)
- 逞強稱能 / 逞强称能
- 違強陵弱 / 违强陵弱
- 鋤強扶弱 / 锄强扶弱 (chúqiángfúruò)
- 電流強度 / 电流强度
- 音強 / 音强
- 頑強 / 顽强 (wánqiáng)
- 頑強不屈 / 顽强不屈
- 馬壯人強 / 马壮人强
- 騁強背理 / 骋强背理
- 高強 / 高强 (gāoqiáng)
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): koeng5
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): giōng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6jian
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎng
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎng
- Wade–Giles: chʻiang3
- Yale: chyǎng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheang
- Palladius: цян (cjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: qiang3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kiang
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: koeng5
- Yale: kéuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: koeng5
- Guangdong Romanization: kêng5
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰœːŋ¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiòng / khióng
- Hakka Romanization System: kiongˇ / kiongˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiong2 / kiong3
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/, /kʰi̯oŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: giōng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyoŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kióng
- Tâi-lô: kióng
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiorng
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiáng
- Tâi-lô: kiáng
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiarng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ⁵³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: giang2 / kiang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiáng / khiâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiaŋ⁵²/, /kʰiaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: gjangX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kaŋʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaŋʔ/
Definitions
強
Compounds
- 勉強 / 勉强
- 強人所難 / 强人所难 (qiǎngrénsuǒnán)
- 強作鎮靜 / 强作镇静
- 強使 / 强使
- 強制 / 强制 (qiángzhì)
- 強制保險 / 强制保险
- 強制執行 / 强制执行
- 強制罪 / 强制罪
- 強制處分 / 强制处分
- 強制認領 / 强制认领
- 強制辯護 / 强制辩护
- 強加 / 强加
- 強勉 / 强勉
- 強勒 / 强勒
- 強幹 / 强干
- 強忍 / 强忍 (qiǎngrěn)
- 強攻 / 强攻
- 強文假醋 / 强文假醋
- 強死強活 / 强死强活
- 強求 / 强求
- 強聒不舍 / 强聒不舍
- 強行 / 强行 (qiángxíng)
- 強行法 / 强行法
- 強詞奪理 / 强词夺理 (qiǎngcíduólǐ)
- 強辯 / 强辩 (qiǎngbiàn)
- 強迫 / 强迫
- 強迫中獎 / 强迫中奖
- 強迫儲蓄 / 强迫储蓄
- 強迫取分 / 强迫取分
- 強迫教育 / 强迫教育
- 強迫降落 / 强迫降落
- 強逼 / 强逼 (qiǎngbī)
- 強酒 / 强酒
- 強顏 / 强颜
- 強顏歡笑 / 强颜欢笑 (qiǎngyánhuānxiào)
- 強飯為嘉 / 强饭为嘉
- 惡醉強酒 / 恶醉强酒
- 牽強 / 牵强 (qiānqiǎng)
- 牽強附會 / 牵强附会 (qiānqiǎngfùhuì)
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiàng
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiàng
- Wade–Giles: chiang4
- Yale: jyàng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianq
- Palladius: цзян (czjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: goeng6
- Yale: geuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: goeng6
- Guangdong Romanization: gêng6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kœːŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiōng
- Tâi-lô: kiōng
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiong
- IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ³³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiāng
- Tâi-lô: kiāng
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiang
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: giang6 / kiang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiăng / khiâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiaŋ³⁵/, /kʰiaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Middle Chinese: gjangX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kaŋʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaŋʔ/
Definitions
強
Compounds
Pronunciation 4
| For pronunciation and definitions of 強 – see 勥 (“to compel; valiant; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 勥). |
References
- “強”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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