明年

More information clear; bright; to understandclear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty, year ...

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): míngnián

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): min² nyian²

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): mínlien

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): миннян (minni͡an, I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): ming⁴ nin^4-2 / ming⁴ nin⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): 'miang⁴ nyien⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): miàng-ngièn / màng-ngièn / mìn-ngièn / miàng-ngiàn / mìn-ngiàn

(Meixian, Guangdong): miang² ngian²
Jin (Wiktionary): ming¹ nie¹
Northern Min (KCR): mâng-nîng
Eastern Min (BUC): màng-nièng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): mê-nî / môa-nî / bîn-nî / mêe-nî / môa-lîn / mî-nî / mâ-nî / bêng-liân

(Teochew, Peng'im): mê⁵ ni⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶min-gni₆
Xiang
(Changsha, Wiktionary): min² nyienn²

(Hengyang, Wiktionary): mai² nien²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: míngnián
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: míngnián
  - Wade–Giles: ming²-nien²
  - Yale: míng-nyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mingnian
  - Palladius: миннянь (minnjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: min² nyian²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: minnian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /min²¹ nʲiɛn²¹/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: mínlien [Phonetic: mǐnlien]
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): min² lien⁰ [Phonetic: min³ lien⁰]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liẽ/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: миннян (minni͡an, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ²⁴ niæ̃⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ming⁴ nin^4-2 / ming⁴ nin⁴
  - Yale: mìhng nín / mìhng nìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ming⁴ nin^4-2 / ming⁴ nin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ming⁴ nin^4-2 / ming⁴ nin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɪŋ²¹ niːn²¹⁻³⁵/, /mɪŋ²¹ niːn²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'miang⁴ nyien⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈmiaŋ³⁵ n̠ʲiɛn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miàng-ngièn / màng-ngièn / mìn-ngièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: miang^ˇ ngien^ˇ / mang^ˇ ngien^ˇ / min^ˇ ngien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: miang² ngian² / mang² ngian² / min² ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /mi̯aŋ¹¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/, /maŋ¹¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/, /min¹¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miàng-ngiàn / mìn-ngiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: miang^ˇ ngian^ˇ / min^ˇ ngian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: miang² ngian² / min² ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /mi̯aŋ¹¹ ŋi̯an¹¹/, /min¹¹ ŋi̯an¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: miang² ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /miaŋ¹¹ ŋian¹¹/

Note:

miàng-ngièn/màng-ngièn - vernacular;
mìn-ngièn - literary.

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ming¹ nie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /miŋ¹¹ nie¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mâng-nîng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maŋ³³ niŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: màng-nièng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maŋ⁵³⁻³³ nˡieŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mê-nî
  - Tâi-lô: mê-nî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: menii
  - IPA (Xiamen): /mẽ²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Yilan, Tainan): /mẽ²⁴⁻³³ nĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /mẽ²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa-nî
  - Tâi-lô: muâ-nî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moanii
  - IPA (Taipei): /muã²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /muã²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bîn-nî
  - Tâi-lô: bîn-nî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: binnii
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bin²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /bin²⁴⁻¹² nĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mêe-nî
  - Tâi-lô: mêe-nî
  - IPA (Penang): /mɛ²³⁻²¹ ni²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɛ̃¹³⁻²² nĩ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa-lîn
  - Tâi-lô: muâ-lîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moaliin
  - IPA (Hui'an): /muã²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Tainan, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mî-nî
  - Tâi-lô: mî-nî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: minii
  - IPA (Tainan): /mĩ²⁴⁻³³ nĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mâ-nî
  - Tâi-lô: mâ-nî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: manii
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /mã²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /mã²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng-liân
  - Tâi-lô: bîng-liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: benglieen
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³⁻²² liɛn¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mê⁵ ni⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mê nî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /me⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ni⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶min-gni₆
  - MiniDict: min^去 nyi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³min-nyi₃
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /min²² n̠ʲi⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: min² nyienn²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /min¹³ n̠ʲi̯ẽ¹³/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary: mai² nien²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mai̯¹¹ n̠ʲi̯ɛn¹¹/

Middle Chinese: mjaeng nen

More information Rime, Character ...

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mraŋ C.nˤi[ŋ]/

(Zhengzhang): /*mraŋ niːŋ/

More information Character, Reading # ...

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Noun

明年

next year
- 今茲魯多大喪，明年齊有亂。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  今兹鲁多大丧，明年齐有乱。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Jīnzī Lǔ duō dàsàng, míngnián Qí yǒu luàn. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(literary) the second year

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 明年 (“next year”) [map]

More information Variety, Location ...

(the second year): 翌年 (yìnián)

		clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty	year
simp. and trad. (明年)		明	年
alternative forms		門年／门年 (men-) Northern Wu/Huai

Rime
Character	明	年
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	武兵切	奴顚切
Baxter	mjaeng	nen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiæŋ/	/nen/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚiaŋ/	/nen/
Shao Rongfen	/miaŋ/	/nɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miajŋ/	/nɛn/
Li Rong	/miɐŋ/	/nen/
Wang Li	/mĭɐŋ/	/nien/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ɐŋ/	/nien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	míng	nián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ming⁴	nin⁴

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	明	年
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9188	9482
Phonetic component	明	秊
Rime group	陽	眞
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	明
Old Chinese	/*mraŋ/	/*niːŋ/
Notes		同秊

Kanji in this term
明	年
みょう Grade: 2	ねん Grade: 1

時 (“Time”)
		日 (“Day”)	週 (“Week”)	月 (“Month”)	年 (“Year”)	暁 (“Morning”)	朝 (“Morning”)	夕 (“Evening”)	晩 (“Evening”)	夜 (“Night”)
Every		毎日, 日日	毎週	毎月, 月月	毎年, 年年		毎朝		毎晩	毎夜
Every other			隔週	隔月	隔年
Whole		日間, 日中, 終日	週間	月間	年間, 年中, 終年					夜間, 夜中, 終夜
Half		半日		半月	半年
Absolute	−3	一昨昨日, 一昨々日			一昨昨年, 再昨年
	−2	一昨日	先々週	先々月	一昨年		一昨朝		一昨晩	一昨夜
	−1	昨日	先週, 昨週	先月, 後月, 去月, 昨月	去年, 昨年, 旧年	昨暁	昨朝	昨夕	昨晩	昨夜
	0	今日, 本日	今週	今月, 本月	今年, 本年	今暁	今朝	今夕	今晩, 今宵	今夜
	+1	明日	来週, 次週	来月	来年, 明年		明朝		明晩	明夜
	+2	明後日	再来週	再来月	再来年, 明後年
	+3	明明後日, 弥の明後日
	+4	弥の明後日, 明明後日, 明明明後日
Relative	−2	前前日	前前週	前前月	前前年
	−1	前日	前週	前月	前年			前夕		前夜
	0	当日, 同日	当週	当月	当年, 同年					当夜
	+1	翌日	翌週	翌月	翌年		翌朝			翌晩
	+2	翌翌日	翌翌週	翌翌月	翌翌年
Usage note: 前 and 翌 may be repeated further or instead use the 々 iteration mark

明年

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Further reading

Japanese

Noun

Coordinate terms

Wikiwand - on

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	明	年
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	míng	nián
Middle Chinese	‹ mjæng ›	‹ nen ›
Old Chinese	/*mraŋ/	/*C.nˁi[ŋ]/
English	bright	harvest; year
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.