江河

Chinese

		river	river
simp. and trad. (江河)		江	河
anagram		河江

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiānghé

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gong¹ ho⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kông-hò
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹ ho⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiānghé
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jianghé
    • Wade–Giles: chiang¹-ho²
    • Yale: jyāng-hé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiangher
    • Palladius: цзянхэ (czjanxɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gong¹ ho⁴
    • Yale: gōng hòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹ ho⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: gong¹ ho⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông-hò
    • Hakka Romanization System: gong^ˊ ho^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gong¹ ho²
    • Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴ ho¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gang¹ ho⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang hô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³⁻²³ ho⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kaewng ha

Rime
Character	江	河
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	江 (9)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	古雙切	胡歌切
Baxter	kaewng	ha
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠʌŋ/	/ɦɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚɔŋ/	/ɦɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɔŋ/	/ɣɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨwŋ/	/ɦa/
Li Rong	/kɔŋ/	/ɣɑ/
Wang Li	/kɔŋ/	/ɣɑ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɔŋ/	/ɣɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāng	hé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gong1	ho4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤroŋ  [C.ɡ]ˤaj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kroːŋ  ɡaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	江	河
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāng	hé
Middle Chinese	‹ kæwng ›	‹ ha ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁroŋ/	/*[C.ɡ]ˁaj/
English	(Yangzi) river	river
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	江	河
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3995	7459
Phonetic component	工	可
Rime group	東	歌
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	江	何
Old Chinese	/*kroːŋ/	/*ɡaːl/

Noun

江河

1. (Classical) the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers
2. rivers (in general)

   • 假舟楫者，非能水也，而絕江河。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     假舟楫者，非能水也，而绝江河。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Jiǎ zhōují zhě, fēi néng shuǐ yě, ér jué jiānghé. [Pinyin]

     One who uses a boat, despite not knowing how to swim, can nevertheless cross rivers.

Derived terms

• 江河日下 (jiānghé rìxià)