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江

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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江 U+6C5F, 江
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C5F
← 汞
[U+6C5E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 池 →
[U+6C60]

Translingual

Han character

More information Stroke order ...

江 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水一 (EM), four-corner 31110, composition ⿰氵工)

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters
  • 𰂂, 𭇮, 𡷍, 𢏠, 𢬥, 𭥺, 𣑴, 𥆀, 𭁑, 𨀹, 𪀤, 𬇧, 𣽝, 𭳼, 𬻶, 𤭊, 𥬮, 𮤏 (𮤳), 𭍟

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 606, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17140
  • Dae Jaweon: page 999, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1551, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6C5F
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Chinese

More information simp. and trad., alternative forms ...
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 江 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 江 (Cantonese)
  • 江 (Classical)
  • 江 (Gan)
  • 江 (Hakka)

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 江, Warring States ...
More information Old Chinese ...
Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kroːŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).

Etymology 1

"Yangtze River"

Borrowed from a substrate Austroasiatic language as Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river, valley”); compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ (“river”) > Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”) (Vietnamese sông), Mon ကြုၚ် (krɜŋ, “small river, creek”).

Derivative: 港 (OC *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs, “harbour”).

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...
More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Note: gĕ̤ng - refers to rivers, gŏng - used in place names or as a surname.
Note:
  • gang1 - vernacular;
  • gorng1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data

Definitions

江

  1. Yangtze River
  2. (by extension) river (Classifier: 條／条)
  3. (～日) (telegraphy) the third day of a month
  4. a surname, Jiang (Mainland China), Chiang (Taiwan), Kong (Hong Kong), or Kiang (archaic)
    江澤民／江泽民  ―  Jiāng Zémín  ―  Jiang Zemin
Usage notes

The word that referred to a body of flowing water such as stream, creek or river was represented in early Chinese with 水 (shuǐ), a pictograph showing water flowing between two banks, similar to the form of the character 川 (chuān).

In early times, specialized characters were created to represent words that described particular bodies of water. These words often contain the water radical (氵), which was originally written in the same way that the original form of 水 was written.

In early texts, the term 河 (hé) usually referred directly to the 黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé, “Yellow River”). Over time, 河 became used as a generalized term for rivers that were bigger than a stream. The term is sometimes associated with an 'older' body of flowing water that has a smaller volume. Similarly, 江 was originally the name of the Yangtze River which is a relatively larger body of flowing water. 江 became the standard bearer for a slightly differentiated category of river. It was then applied broadly as a generic term.

Among Chinese users, there are commonly held beliefs about the differences between these near synonyms that may not be reflected in an ordinary dictionary. 江 are often thought of as the larger rivers that are usually in southern China, while 河 are usually rivers with comparatively lesser volume or that are artificial and are usually found in northern China (and may be considered culturally 'older'). These two terms are often the subject of attempts at comparisons. Terms for smaller bodies of flowing water include: 川 (chuān) which are usually mid-sized or relatively small rivers, 溪 (xī) and 流 (liú) which are creeks, streams, brooks, and gullies, and 水 (shuǐ) which are streams (but can also be medium-sized tributary rivers like the Han River (漢水／汉水 (Hànshuǐ)). There are many exceptions to these patterns owing to inconsistent usage of the relevant terms in different forms of Chinese and English over time, and also due to cultural attitudes about proper usage of the terms.

See also

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (江):
  • → Japanese: 江(こう) (kō)
  • → Korean: 강(江) (gang)
  • → Vietnamese: giang (江)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 江 – see 豇 (“cowpea”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 豇).
Notes:
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Japanese

Korean

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Vietnamese

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