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犯

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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犯 U+72AF, 犯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AF
← 犮
[U+72AE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 犰 →
[U+72B0]
Thumb
犯 U+FA9F, 犯
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA9F
← 爵
[U+FA9E] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 猪 →
[U+FAA0]

Translingual

Han character

犯 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大竹尸山 (KHSU), four-corner 47212, composition ⿰犭㔾)

Derived characters

  • 𠱍, 𣳜

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 706, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20238
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+72AF

Chinese

More information simp. and trad. ...

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 犯, Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) ...
Characters in the same phonetic series (氾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
More information Old Chinese ...

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bomʔ): semantic 犬 + phonetic 𢎘 (hàn).

Etymology

"To pass over" > "to offend against, oppose". Compare 氾.

This character originally had bilabial nasal (*-m) final in Old and Middle Chinese, but had undergone dissimilation (from bilabial plosive *b-) to become *-n in most dialects. However, there are still some dialects that retain this feature, such as Meixian and Teochew dialect. Similar dissimilation happened in 帆 and 風.

Pronunciation

Note: faan6-2 - noun only.
Note:
  • huang6 - Shantou;
  • huam6 - Chaozhou.
More information Rime, Character ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Definitions

犯

  1. to infringe on; to attack; to encroach
    人不犯我，我不犯人 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    rén bù fàn wǒ, wǒ bù fàn rén [Pinyin]
    We will not attack if we are not attacked.
  2. to commit (crime); to violate
    犯罪  ―  fànzuì  ―  to commit crime
  3. criminal; offender; culprit
    罪犯  ―  zuìfàn  ―  criminal
    俾個犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, trad.]
    俾个犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, simp.]
    bei2 go3 faan6-2 zau2 lat1 zo2 aa3! [Jyutping]
    The criminal ran loose!
  4. to happen; to break out (usually something wrong or bad)
    犯脾氣／犯脾气  ―  fànpíqì  ―  to get angry; to lose one's temper
  5. to brave; to face; to withstand
  6. to be worth; to merit; to deserve; to be worthy of

Synonyms

  • (to violate):
  • (criminal):
  • (to be worth):

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (犯):
  • → Japanese: 犯(はん) (han)
  • → Korean: 범(犯) (beom)
  • → Vietnamese: phạm (犯)

Compounds

References

  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “犯”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 258.
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Japanese

Kanji

犯

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. crime, offense
  2. criminal, culprit, offender

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

More information Kanji in this term ...

/pɨɐm/ → /pamʉ/ → /famʉ/ → /haɴ/

From Middle Chinese, 犯 (MC bjomX).

Suffix

犯(はん) • (-han) 

  1. perpetrators of a crime
  2. some types of crime

Derived terms

  • 危険(きけん)犯(はん) (kiken-han)
  • 教唆(きょうさ)犯(はん) (kyōsa-han)
  • 強力(ごうりき)犯(はん) (gōriki-han)
  • 財政(ざいせい)犯(はん) (zaisei-han)
  • 集合(しゅうごう)犯(はん) (shūgō-han)
  • 状態(じょうたい)犯(はん) (jōtai-han)
  • 即(そく)時(じ)犯(はん) (sokuji-han)
  • 法定(ほうてい)犯(はん) (hōtei-han)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 犯 (MC bjomX).

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pɘ(ː)m]
  • Phonetic hangul: [범(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

犯 (eumhun 범할 범 (beomhal beom))

  1. hanja form? of 범 (“to violate; to commit”) [verbal root]
  2. hanja form? of 범 (“criminal”) [suffix]
  3. hanja form? of 범 (“count of crime”) [counter]

Compounds

  • 간명범의 (干名犯義, ganmyeongbeomui)
  • 간통범 (姦通犯, gantongbeom)
  • 강간범 (強姦犯, gangganbeom)
  • 강도범 (強盜犯, gangdobeom)
  • 경범 (輕犯, gyeongbeom)
  • 공범 (共犯, gongbeom)
  • 교사범 (敎唆犯, gyosabeom)
  • 군사범 (軍事犯, gunsabeom)
  • 납치범 (拉致犯, napchibeom)
  • 도망범 (逃亡犯, domangbeom)
  • 방범 (防犯, bangbeom)
  • 방외범색 (房外犯色, bang'oebeomsaek)
  • 방임범 (放任犯, bang'imbeom)
  • 범금 (犯禁, beomgeum)
  • 범소 (犯所, beomso)
  • 범월 (犯越, beomwol)
  • 범인 (犯人, beomin)
  • 범접 (犯接, beomjeop)
  • 범죄 (犯罪, beomjoe)
  • 범죄성 (犯罪性, beomjoeseong)
  • 범행 (犯行, beomhaeng)
  • 사기범 (詐欺犯, sagibeom)
  • 사불범정 (邪不犯正, sabulbeomjeong)
  • 사칭범 (詐稱犯, sachingbeom)
  • 살인범 (殺人犯, sarinbeom)
  • 상습범 (常習犯, sangseupbeom)
  • 생계범 (生計犯, saenggyebeom)
  • 성인범 (成人犯, seong'inbeom)
  • 소년범 (少年犯, sonyeonbeom)
  • 수범 (首犯, subeom)
  • 우범자 (虞犯者, ubeomja)
  • 유괴범 (誘拐犯, yugoebeom)
  • 인질범 (人質犯, injilbeom)
  • 일생불범 (一生不犯, ilsaengbulbeom)
  • 일죄재범 (一罪再犯, iljoejaebeom)
  • 잡범 (雜犯, japbeom)
  • 재범 (再犯, jaebeom)
  • 전문범 (專門犯, jeonmunbeom)
  • 전범 (戰犯, jeonbeom)
  • 전쟁범 (戰爭犯, jeonjaengbeom)
  • 절도범 (竊盜犯, jeoldobeom)
  • 정치범 (政治犯, jeongchibeom)
  • 죄범 (罪犯, joebeom)
  • 죄중우범 (罪中又犯, joejung'ubeom)
  • 주범 (主犯, jubeom)
  • 중노난범 (衆怒難犯, jungnonanbeom)
  • 중범 (重犯, jungbeom)
  • 질주범 (疾走犯, jiljubeom)
  • 침범 (侵犯, chimbeom)
  • 탈주범 (脫走犯, taljubeom)
  • 폭파범 (爆破犯, pokpabeom)
  • 폭행범 (暴行犯, pokhaengbeom)
  • 현행범 (現行犯, hyeonhaengbeom)
  • 협박범 (脅迫犯, hyeopbakbeom)
  • 확신범 (確信犯, hwaksinbeom)
  • 흉악범 (凶惡犯, hyung'akbeom)
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Vietnamese

Han character

犯: Hán Nôm readings: phạm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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