玻璃

More information phonetic, trad. (玻璃) ...

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玻璃 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
玻璃 (同性恋) (Written Standard Chinese^?)

Etymology

From Prakrit 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀅 (phālia) (Ji, 1998v4); from Sanskrit स्फटिक (sphaṭika). Cognate with Pali phalika (“crystal”), Thai ผลึก (pà-lʉ̀k, “crystal”), Lao ຜະລຶກ (pha lưk), ຜະລິກະ (pha li ka), Khmer ផលិក (phɑlək), etc. The meaning has been shifted to refer to glass (the material).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bōli, bōlí

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ, ㄅㄛㄌㄧˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bo¹ ni²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бәли (bəli, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): bo¹ lei^4-1 / bo¹ lei⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): bo¹ li
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pô-lì

(Hailu, HRS): bo^ˋ li
Jin (Wiktionary): be¹ li³
Eastern Min (BUC): bŏ̤-là̤
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bor¹ li²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): po-lê

(Teochew, Peng'im): bo¹ li⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹pu-li

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bōli
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: boli̊
  - Wade–Giles: po¹-li⁵
  - Yale: bwō-li
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo.li
  - Palladius: боли (boli)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²/
- (Standard Chinese, former standard in Mainland, common variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bōlí
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛㄌㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bolí
  - Wade–Giles: po¹-li²
  - Yale: bwō-lí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boli
  - Palladius: боли (boli)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: bo¹ ni²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bo li
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁵⁵ ni²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бәли (bəli, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pə²⁴ li²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bo¹ lei^4-1 / bo¹ lei⁴
  - Yale: bō lēi / bō lèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bo¹ lei^4-1 / bo¹ lei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: bo¹ léi^4-1 / bo¹ léi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹⁻⁵⁵/, /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/

Note: bo1 lei4 - literary, rare.

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: bo¹ li
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁴² li²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pô-lì
  - Hakka Romanization System: bo^ˊ li^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bo¹ li²
  - Sinological IPA: /po²⁴ li¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: bo^ˋ li
  - Sinological IPA: /po⁵³ li⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: be¹ li³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pɤ¹¹ li⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bŏ̤-là̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁵⁵ l̃ɛ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bor¹ li² [Phonetic: bor⁵ li²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bo̤-lí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒ⁵³³⁻¹¹ li¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bor¹ li² [Phonetic: bor⁵ li²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ li²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po-lê
  - Tâi-lô: po-lê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poilee
  - IPA (Xiamen): /po⁴⁴⁻²² le²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /po³³ le²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁴⁴⁻²² le¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /po⁴⁴⁻³³ le²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ le²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bo¹ li⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: po lî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /po³³⁻²³ li⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹pu-li
  - MiniDict: pu^平 li
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹pu-li
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pu⁵⁵ li²¹/

Middle Chinese: pha lje

More information Rime, Character ...

Noun

玻璃

glass (Classifier: 張／张 m; 塊／块 m c)
玻璃吹製／玻璃吹制 ― bōli chuīzhì ― glassblowing

小心玻璃。 ― Xiǎoxīn bōli. ― Caution — glass door.

緊急時擊破玻璃。 [MSC, trad.]
紧急时击破玻璃。 [MSC, simp.]
Jǐnjí shí jīpò bōli. [Pinyin]
Break glass in emergency.
generic term for any film material with glass-like transparency, such as cellophane, nylon, plastic, etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m; 塊／块 m)
(Wuhan Mandarin, humorous) eyeglasses; spectacles
(Sichuanese, humorous) plain boiled water
(slang) gay person; male homosexual

Synonyms

(glass): 琉璃 (liúlí)
(eyeglasses):

Dialectal synonyms of 眼鏡 (“eyeglasses”) [map]

More information Variety, Location ...

Derived terms

光學玻璃 / 光学玻璃
吸熱玻璃 / 吸热玻璃
吹玻璃
塑膠玻璃 / 塑胶玻璃
安全玻璃
嵌玻璃
強化玻璃 / 强化玻璃
彩繪玻璃 / 彩绘玻璃 (cǎihuì bōli)
彩色玻璃 (cǎisè bōli)
擋風玻璃 / 挡风玻璃
有機玻璃 / 有机玻璃 (yǒujī bōlí)
有色玻璃 (yǒusè bōli)
毛玻璃 (máobōli)
水晶心肝玻璃人
水玻璃 (shuǐbōli)
泡沫玻璃
火玻璃
玻璃圈
玻璃天花板 (bōli tiānhuābǎn)
玻璃小鞋
玻璃布
玻璃帷幕
玻璃心 (bōlixīn)
玻璃心肝
玻璃杯 (bōlibēi)
玻璃泉
玻璃浮雕
玻璃液
玻璃烤
玻璃版 (bōlibǎn)
玻璃狀態 / 玻璃状态
玻璃畫 / 玻璃画
玻璃目
玻璃磚 / 玻璃砖
玻璃窗
玻璃粉
玻璃紐 / 玻璃纽
玻璃紙 / 玻璃纸
玻璃絲 / 玻璃丝
玻璃絲襪 / 玻璃丝袜 (bōli sīwà)
玻璃纖維 / 玻璃纤维
玻璃質肥料 / 玻璃质肥料
玻璃鋼 / 玻璃钢
玻璃門 / 玻璃门
玻璃骨 (bōlígǔ)
玻璃體 / 玻璃体 (bōlitǐ)
石英玻璃
硬玻璃
硼玻璃
磨砂玻璃 (móshā bōli)
結晶玻璃 / 结晶玻璃
花窗玻璃 (huāchuāng bōli)
鈷玻璃 / 钴玻璃
鉛玻璃 / 铅玻璃
鋼化玻璃 / 钢化玻璃 (gānghuà bōli)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (玻璃):

→ Japanese: 玻璃(はり) (hari)
→ Korean: 파리(玻璃) (pari)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: pha lê

References

Duffus, William (1883), “glass”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 123

	phonetic
trad. (玻璃)	玻	璃
simp. ^#(玻璃)	玻	璃
2nd round simp.	玻玏
alternative forms	玻瓈／玻璃

Rime
Character	玻	璃
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	滂禾切	呂支切
Baxter	pha	lje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰuɑ/	/liᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰuɑ/	/liɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰuɑ/	/ljɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰwa/	/liə̆/
Li Rong	/pʰuɑ/	/lie/
Wang Li	/pʰuɑ/	/lǐe/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰuɑ/	/lie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pō	lí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	po¹	lei⁴

Chinese