More information cloudy; shady, trad. (靉靆) ...
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Pronunciation
More information Rime, Character ...
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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
| Zhengzhang system (2003) |
| Character |
靉 |
靆 |
| Reading # |
1/2 |
1/1 |
| No. |
4 |
7956 |
Phonetic
component |
愛 |
隶 |
Rime
group |
隊 |
隊 |
Rime
subdivision |
1 |
1 |
Corresponding
MC rime |
愛 |
代 |
Old
Chinese |
/*qɯːds/ |
/*l'ɯːds/ |
| Notes |
|
見楚辭遠遊 |
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Etymology 2
Phono-semantic matching of a word from an unidentified foreign language (pronounced ai-dai, ai-na, etc.), since the 15th century CE (Chiu, 1936). Frequently cited etymons are Arabic عُوَيْنات (ʕuwaynāt), الْعُوَيْنات (al-ʕuwaynāt, “spectacles”, literally “little eyes”) and Persian عینک ('eynak, “spectacles”), both derived from Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn, “eye”) (Chiu, 1936; Needham, 1962: 118–121; Hong, 1994; Chiu, 2015).
Semantically, the sense “eyeglasses” was associated with Etymology 1, the interpretation being that eyeglasses are what cover the eyes to allow one to see more clearly, akin to the way clouds cover the sky, according to Liuqing rizha (《留青日札》, 1573 CE) by Ming-dynasty scholar Tian Yiheng.
Noun
靉靆
- (literary, obsolete) eyeglasses; spectacles
- alt. forms: 僾逮 / 𫣊逮, 矮納 / 矮纳
靉靆如大錢……色如雲母。老人目力昏倦，不辨細書，以此掩目。精神不散，筆畫倍明。……出於西域滿利國。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
叆叇如大钱……色如云母。老人目力昏倦，不辨细书，以此掩目。精神不散，笔画倍明。……出于西域满利国。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: 16th century, Tian Yiheng (田藝蘅), 《留青日札》
- Àidài rú dàqián...... Sè rú yúnmǔ. Lǎorén mùlì hūnjuàn, bù biàn xìshū, yǐ cǐ yǎn mù. Jīngshén bù sàn, bǐhuà bèi míng....... Chū yú Xīyù Mǎnlìguó. [Pinyin]
- Ai-tai resemble big coins […] and their color is like talc. When eyes of old people are dizzy and tired, and cannot read fine print, they put ai-tai over their eyes, then their concentration will not be dispersed and the strokes of the characters will appear doubly clear. […] Ai-tai come from Malacca in the West [sic].
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
眼鏡 (“eyeglasses”)
[map]
More information Variety, Location ...
| Variety
| Location
| Words |
| Classical Chinese |
靉靆, 眼鏡 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) |
眼鏡 |
| Northeastern Mandarin |
Beijing |
眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子 |
| Taiwan |
眼鏡 |
| Chengde |
眼鏡兒 |
| Chifeng |
眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Hulunbuir (Hailar) |
眼鏡 |
| Heihe |
眼鏡兒 |
| Qiqihar |
眼鏡, 鏡子 |
| Harbin |
眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Jiamusi |
眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Baicheng |
眼鏡兒 |
| Changchun |
眼鏡兒 |
| Tonghua |
眼鏡兒 |
| Shenyang |
眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Jinzhou |
眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Malaysia |
眼鏡 |
| Singapore |
眼鏡 |
| Jilu Mandarin |
Tianjin |
眼鏡兒 |
| Tangshan |
眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子 |
| Cangzhou |
眼鏡兒 |
| Baoding |
眼鏡兒 |
| Shijiazhuang |
眼鏡兒 |
| Lijin |
眼鏡, 鏡子 |
| Jinan |
眼鏡子, 鏡子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin |
Dalian |
眼鏡兒 |
| Dandong |
眼鏡兒 |
| Yantai |
眼鏡 |
| Yantai (Muping) |
眼鏡 |
| Qingdao |
眼鏡 |
| Zhucheng |
眼鏡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin |
Luoyang |
眼鏡兒, 二餅兒 derogatory |
| Lingbao |
眼鏡 |
| Jining |
眼鏡 |
| Wanrong |
眼鏡, 鏡子 dated, 二柄子 derogatory |
| Linfen |
眼鏡兒 |
| Shangqiu |
眼鏡兒 |
| Yuanyang |
眼鏡 |
| Zhengzhou |
眼鏡 |
| Xinyang |
眼鏡兒 |
| Baihe |
眼鏡, 眼鏡子 |
| Xi'an |
眼鏡, 眼鏡兒 |
| Baoji |
眼鏡 |
| Tianshui |
眼鏡 |
| Xining |
眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子, 眼鏡兒子 |
| Xuzhou |
眼鏡, 二餅 humorous |
| Fuyang |
眼鏡, 鏡子 |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) |
眼鏡子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin |
Yinchuan |
眼鏡, 眼鏡兒 |
| Lanzhou |
眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子, 鏡子, 二軲轆 humorous |
| Dunhuang |
眼鏡子 |
| Hami |
眼鏡 |
| Ürümqi |
眼鏡子, 鏡子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin |
Chengdu |
眼鏡兒, 眼鏡 |
| Nanchong |
眼鏡兒 |
| Dazhou |
眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Hanyuan |
眼鏡, 眼鏡子 |
| Xichang |
眼鏡 |
| Zigong |
眼鏡兒 |
| Chongqing |
眼鏡兒 |
| Wuhan |
眼鏡, 鏡子 dated, 玻璃 humorous |
| Yichang |
眼鏡 |
| Xiangyang |
眼鏡, 鏡子 |
| Tianmen |
眼鏡 |
| Guiyang |
眼鏡 |
| Zunyi |
眼鏡 |
| Bijie |
眼鏡 |
| Liping |
眼鏡 |
| Zhaotong |
眼鏡 |
| Dali |
眼鏡 |
| Kunming |
眼鏡 |
| Mengzi |
眼鏡 |
| Guilin |
眼鏡 |
| Liuzhou |
眼鏡 |
| Jishou |
眼鏡 |
| Changde |
眼鏡 |
| Hanzhong |
眼鏡子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin |
Nanjing |
眼鏡, 二餅 humorous |
| Yangzhou |
眼鏡子 |
| Lianyungang |
眼鏡 |
| Lianshui |
眼鏡子 |
| Nantong |
眼鏡 |
| Anqing |
眼鏡, 眼睛罩 dated |
| Wuhu |
眼鏡子 |
| Hefei |
眼鏡子 |
| Huanggang |
眼鏡兒 |
| Hong'an |
眼鏡, 鏡子 |
| Cantonese |
Guangzhou |
眼鏡, 眼枷 |
| Hong Kong |
眼鏡 |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) |
眼鏡 |
| Macau |
眼鏡 |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) |
眼鏡 |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) |
眼鏡 |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) |
眼鏡 |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) |
眼鏡 |
| Foshan |
眼鏡 |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) |
眼鏡 |
| Foshan (Shunde) |
眼鏡 |
| Foshan (Sanshui) |
眼鏡 |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) |
眼鏡 |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) |
眼鏡 |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) |
眼鏡 |
| Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) |
眼鏡 |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) |
眼鏡 |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) |
眼鏡 |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) |
眼鏡 |
| Taishan |
眼鏡 |
| Kaiping (Chikan) |
眼鏡 |
| Enping (Niujiang) |
眼鏡 |
| Heshan (Yayao) |
眼鏡 |
| Dongguan |
眼鏡, 二文錢 dated |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) |
眼鏡 |
| Qingyuan |
眼鏡 |
| Fogang |
眼鏡 |
| Yingde (Hanguang) |
眼鏡 |
| Yangshan |
眼鏡 |
| Lianshan (Butian) |
眼鏡 |
| Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) |
眼鏡 |
| Shaoguan |
眼鏡 |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) |
眼鏡 |
| Renhua |
眼鏡 |
| Lechang |
眼鏡 |
| Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) |
眼鏡 |
| Sihui |
眼鏡 |
| Guangning |
眼鏡 |
| Deqing |
眼鏡 |
| Huaiji |
眼鏡 |
| Fengkai (Nanfeng) |
眼鏡 |
| Yunfu |
眼鏡 |
| Xinxing |
眼鏡 |
| Luoding |
眼鏡 |
| Yunan (Pingtai) |
眼鏡 |
| Xinyi |
眼鏡 |
| Lianjiang |
眼鏡 |
| Nanning |
眼鏡 |
| Wuzhou |
眼鏡 |
| Yulin |
眼鏡 |
| Hepu (Lianzhou) |
眼鏡 |
| Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) |
眼鏡 |
| Singapore (Guangfu) |
眼鏡 |
| Gan |
Nanchang |
眼鏡子 |
| Lichuan |
眼鏡 |
| Pingxiang |
眼鏡 |
| Hakka |
Meixian |
目鏡, 眼鏡 |
| Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) |
眼鏡 |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) |
眼鏡 |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) |
眼鏡 |
| Wuhua (Shuizhai) |
眼鏡 |
| Wuhua (Huacheng) |
眼鏡 |
| Wuhua (Changbu) |
眼鏡 |
| Wuhua (Mianyang) |
眼鏡 |
| Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) |
眼鏡 |
| Jiexi |
目鏡 |
| Luhe |
目鏡 |
| Changting |
眼鏡 |
| Longyan (Yongding) |
眼鏡 |
| Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) |
目鏡, 眼鏡 |
| Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) |
眼鏡 |
| Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) |
目鏡 |
| Wuping (Zhongshan) |
目鏡 |
| Liancheng (Peitian) |
眼鏡 |
| Liancheng (Zhongbao) |
眼鏡 |
| Liancheng (Laiyuan) |
目鏡 |
| Yudu |
眼鏡 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) |
目鏡 |
| Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian) |
目鏡 |
| Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian) |
目鏡 |
| Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian) |
目鏡 |
| Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian) |
目鏡 |
| Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian) |
目鏡 |
| Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) |
目鏡 |
| Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) |
目鏡 |
| Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) |
目鏡 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) |
眼鏡 |
| Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) |
目鏡 |
| Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) |
眼枷仔 |
| Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) |
眼枷仔 |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) |
目鏡 |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) |
目鏡 |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) |
目鏡 |
| Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) |
目鏡 |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) |
目鏡 |
| Luchuan (Daqiao) |
眼鏡 |
| Sabah (Longchuan) |
眼鏡 |
| Kuching (Hepo) |
目鏡 |
| Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) |
目鏡 |
| Singkawang |
目鏡 |
| Bangkok (Meixian) |
眼鏡 |
| Bangkok (Fengshun) |
目鏡 |
| Huizhou |
Jixi |
眼鏡 |
| Shexian |
眼鏡 |
| Jin |
Taiyuan |
眼鏡 |
| Yangyuan |
眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Datong |
眼鏡兒 |
| Xinzhou |
眼鏡, 二餅子 derogatory |
| Lüliang (Lishi) |
眼鏡兒 |
| Changzhi |
眼鏡兒 |
| Linhe |
眼鏡 |
| Jining |
眼鏡兒 |
| Hohhot |
眼鏡 |
| Erenhot |
眼鏡兒 |
| Pingshan |
眼鏡子, 鏡子 |
| Zhangjiakou |
眼鏡兒, 鏡子 |
| Handan |
眼鏡 |
| Linzhou |
眼鏡 |
| Suide |
眼鏡 |
| Northern Min |
Jian'ou |
眼鏡 |
| Songxi |
眼鏡 |
| Jianyang |
眼鏡 |
| Eastern Min |
Fuzhou |
眼鏡 |
| Fuqing |
眼鏡 |
| Gutian |
眼鏡 |
| Ningde |
眼鏡 |
| Zhouning |
眼鏡 |
| Fuding |
眼鏡 |
| Youxi |
眼鏡 |
| Matsu |
眼鏡 |
| Southern Min |
Xiamen |
目鏡 |
| Quanzhou |
目鏡 |
| Jinjiang |
目鏡 |
| Yongchun |
目鏡 |
| Zhangzhou |
目鏡 |
| Zhao'an |
目鏡 |
| Taipei |
目鏡 |
| Taipei (Wanhua) |
目鏡 |
| New Taipei (Tamsui) |
目鏡 |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) |
目鏡 |
| New Taipei (Pingxi) |
目鏡 |
| Kaohsiung |
目鏡 |
| Kaohsiung (Cijin) |
目鏡 |
| Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) |
目鏡 |
| Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) |
目鏡 |
| Kaohsiung (Tianliao) |
目鏡 |
| Yilan |
目鏡 |
| Yilan (Luodong) |
目鏡 |
| Yilan (Toucheng) |
目鏡 |
| Changhua (Lukang) |
目鏡 |
| Taichung |
目鏡 |
| Taichung (Wuqi) |
目鏡 |
| Tainan |
目鏡 |
| Tainan (Anping) |
目鏡 |
| Taitung |
目鏡 |
| Hsinchu |
目鏡 |
| Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) |
目鏡 |
| Penghu (Magong) |
目鏡 |
| Penghu (Xiyu) |
目鏡 |
| Penang (Hokkien) |
目鏡 |
| Singapore (Hokkien) |
目鏡 |
| Manila (Hokkien) |
目鏡 |
| Longyan |
目鏡 |
| Zhangping (Yongfu) |
目鏡 |
| Datian |
眼鏡 |
| Pingnan (Shangdu) |
眼鏡 |
| Chaozhou |
目鏡 |
| Shantou |
目鏡 |
| Shantou (Chenghai) |
目鏡 |
| Shantou (Chaoyang) |
目鏡 |
| Jieyang |
目鏡 |
| Haifeng |
目鏡 |
| Phnom Penh (Teochew) |
目鏡 |
| Singapore (Teochew) |
目鏡 |
| Leizhou |
目鏡 |
| Wenchang |
目鏡 |
| Haikou |
目鏡 |
| Puxian Min |
Putian |
目鏡 |
| Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) |
目鏡 |
| Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) |
目鏡 |
| Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) |
目鏡 |
| Xianyou |
目鏡 |
| Xianyou (Fengting) |
目鏡 |
| Xianyou (Youyang) |
目鏡 |
| Central Min |
Yong'an |
眼鏡, 目鏡 |
| Sanming (Shaxian) |
目鏡 |
| Shaojiang Min |
Shaowu |
眼鏡 |
| Zhongshan Min |
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) |
眼鏡 |
| Zhongshan (Sanxiang) |
目鏡 |
| Southern Pinghua |
Nanning (Tingzi) |
眼鏡, 眼枷 |
| Northern Pinghua |
Guilin (Dahe) |
眼鏡子 |
| Waxiang |
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) |
眼鏡 |
| Wu |
Shanghai |
眼鏡, 托力克 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) |
眼鏡 |
| Suzhou |
眼鏡 |
| Danyang |
眼鏡子 |
| Hangzhou |
眼鏡兒 |
| Ningbo |
蔡眼 |
| Wenzhou |
眼鏡, 眼視鏡 |
| Jinhua |
眼鏡 |
| Xiang |
Changsha |
眼鏡 |
| Loudi |
眼鏡 |
| Quanzhou |
眼鏡 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua |
Jiangyong |
眼鏡 |
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