皋

See also: 皐 and 臯

皋 U+768B, 皋 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-768B ← 皊 [U+768A] CJK Unified Ideographs 皌 → [U+768C]

Translingual

Han character

皋 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹日大十 (HAKJ), four-corner 2640₃, composition ⿱白夲)

Derived characters

• 嗥, 𡟷, 㟸, 滜, 獆, 暤, 𦞵, 槔, 皞, 𥡅, 𥻷, 䜂, 䜰, 𨎀, 𤾲, 韟, 𫑯, 䣗, 翱, 䚌, 䫧, 鷎(𬸢), 㿁, 䔌

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 787, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22714
• Dae Jaweon: page 1202, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2647, character 15
• Unihan data for U+768B

Chinese

trad.		皋/皐/臯
simp.		皋
alternative forms		睪 睾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 皋
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (皋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
睾	*kuː
皋	*kuː

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 白 (“white, bright”) + 夲 (“to advance”), although the connection to the modern meaning is unclear.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāo (gao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gou¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gao
    • Wade–Giles: kao¹
    • Yale: gāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gau
    • Palladius: гао (gao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gou¹
    • Yale: gōu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gou¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko
    • Tâi-lô: ko
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koy
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ko⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ko³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ko⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ko⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ⁴⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹kau
    • MiniDict: kau^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɔ⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kaw

Rime
Character	皋
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古勞切
Baxter	kaw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaw/
Li Rong	/kɑu/
Wang Li	/kɑu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gou1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤu/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kuː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	皋
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāo
Middle Chinese	‹ kaw ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁu/
English	announce
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	皋
Reading #	1/1
No.	3793
Phonetic component	皋
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	髙
Old Chinese	/*kuː/
Notes	同臯

Definitions

皋

1. (literary) shore; land by a body of water
2. (literary) highland
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) marsh; pool

   • 鶴鳴于九皋，聲聞于野。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     鹤鸣于九皋，声闻于野。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Hè míng yú jiǔ gāo, shēng wén yú yě. [Pinyin]

     The crane cries in the ninth marsh,
     And her voice is heard in the [distant] wilds.

4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) rice paddy
5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) (alt. form 高) tall; high
6. a surname

Compounds

• 九皋
• 亭皋
• 如皋射雉
• 平皋
• 成皋 (Chénggāo)
• 東皋 / 东皋
• 江皋
• 漢皋解佩 / 汉皋解佩
• 皋壤
• 皋比 (gāopí)
• 皋澤 / 皋泽
• 皋牢
• 皋門 / 皋门 (gāomén)
• 皋陶 (Gāoyáo)
• 皋隰
• 皋魚之泣 / 皋鱼之泣
• 蘅皋
• 隰皋
• 鶴鳴九皋 / 鹤鸣九皋

References

• “皋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

皋

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: さわ (sawa, 皋)、さかい (sakai, 皋)、さつき (satsuki)

Korean

Hanja

皋 (eumhun 언덕 고 (eondeok go))

1. alternative form of 皐 (“hanja form^? of 고 (“highland”)”)

References

• Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 3.

Vietnamese

Han character

皋: Hán Nôm readings: cao

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Nôm: cao

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999