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糖
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 醣
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Translingual
Han character
糖 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火木戈中口 (FDILR), four-corner 90967, composition ⿰米唐)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 911, character 38
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27070
- Dae Jaweon: page 1338, character 29
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3157, character 7
- Unihan data for U+7CD6
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'aːŋ): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 唐 (OC *ɡl'aːŋ).
Etymology
Original meaning was “sweet rice cake” or “sugar syrup”. Cognate with 餳 (OC *ljaːŋ).
Compare Proto-Lingao lhaŋ2 ("sugar"), whence Lincheng /haŋ˧/, Qiongshan /liaŋ˩˧/.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tang2
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): táng
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): tán
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): тон (ton, I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tong4 / tong4-2
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): tong4
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): hong3 / hong3*
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tong4 / tong4-2
- Gan (Wiktionary): tong2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ton1
- Northern Min (KCR): tô̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): tòng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tung2 / tng2 / torng2
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): taang4
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dan2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: táng
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: táng
- Wade–Giles: tʻang2
- Yale: táng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarng
- Palladius: тан (tan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: tang2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tang
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaŋ²¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: táng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaŋ²⁴/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: tán
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): tan2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰã²⁴/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: тон (ton, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɑŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tong4 / tong4-2
- Yale: tòhng / tóng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tong4 / tong4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: tong4 / tong4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔːŋ²¹/, /tʰɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- tong4 - “sugar”;
- tong4-2 - “candy”.
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: tong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hong3 / hong3*
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔŋ²²/, /hɔŋ²²⁻²²⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- hong3 - “sugar”;
- hong3* - “candy”.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: tong2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔŋ²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thòng
- Hakka Romanization System: tongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tong2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰoŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: tong
- Sinological IPA: /tʰoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ton1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰɒ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tô̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tòng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰouŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tung2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tńg
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰuŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰŋ̍²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: torng2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tó̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɒŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: torng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɒŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- tung2/tng2 - vernacular;
- torng2 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore, Philippines, Medan, Klang)
- (Hokkien: Changtai, Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thôⁿ
- Tâi-lô: thônn
- Phofsit Daibuun: tvoo
- IPA (Changtai): /tʰɔ̃²⁴/
- IPA (Longyan): /tʰõ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore, Philippines, Medan)
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thâng
- Tâi-lô: thâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: taang
- IPA (Longyan): /tʰaŋ¹¹/
- thn̂g/thôⁿ - vernacular;
- thông/thâng - literary.
- to5 - vernacular;
- tang5 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: taang4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaŋ²¹/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Wugniu: 6daon
- MiniDict: daon去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3daan
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dɑ̃²³/
- (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- Wugniu: 2daon
- MiniDict: daon平
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /dɑ̃³¹/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /dɒ̃³¹/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /dɑ̃²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /dɑ̃²²³/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /dɑ̃³¹/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /dɒŋ²³¹/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /dɔ̃³¹³/
- Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /dɔ²²/
- (Northern: Chuansha)
- (Northern: Changzhou, Hangzhou)
- (Jinhua)
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: dan2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tan¹³/
- (Changsha)
Note:
Note:
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: dang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.lˤaŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːŋ/
Definitions
糖
- sugar
- short for 糖果 (tángguǒ) sweets; candy; lollies; confectionery (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 粒 c)
- (organic chemistry) saccharide; carbohydrate
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to preserve food in alcohol or alcohol dregs
- 蟹之將糖，躁擾彌甚。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Southern Qi, by Xiao Zixian, 6th century CE
- Xiè zhī jiāng táng, zàorǎo mí shèn. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
蟹之将糖，躁扰弥甚。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
- (Internet slang, figurative) loveable and likeable, cute
- 撒糖 ― sǎtáng ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (transgender slang, figurative) HRT (hormone replacement therapy) drugs, especially pills
Synonyms
- (sweets):
Compounds
- 丁丁糖 (dīngdīngtáng)
- 丙糖 (bǐngtáng)
- 乞糖
- 乳糖 (rǔtáng)
- 二糖 (èrtáng)
- 五碳糖 (wǔtàntáng)
- 代糖 (dàitáng)
- 低血糖 (dīxuètáng)
- 來蘇糖 / 来苏糖 (láisūtáng)
- 六碳糖 (liùtàntáng)
- 冰糖 (bīngtáng)
- 冰糖壺盧 / 冰糖壶卢
- 冰糖葫蘆 / 冰糖葫芦 (bīngtáng húlu)
- 冰花糖
- 升糖指數 / 升糖指数 (shēngtáng zhǐshù)
- 半乳糖 (bànrǔtáng)
- 南糖
- 口香糖 (kǒuxiāngtáng)
- 吹糖
- 吹糖人
- 吹糖人兒 / 吹糖人儿
- 喜糖 (xǐtáng)
- 單糖 / 单糖 (dāntáng)
- 四碳糖
- 多糖 (duōtáng)
- 多糖體 / 多糖体
- 太妃糖 (tàifēitáng)
- 寡糖 (guǎtáng)
- 寶塔糖 / 宝塔糖
- 寶糖 / 宝糖
- 己糖 (jǐtáng)
- 庚糖
- 戊糖 (wùtáng)
- 扭股兒糖 / 扭股儿糖
- 拿糖
- 拿糖作醋
- 方糖 (fāngtáng)
- 木糖 (mùtáng)
- 木聚糖
- 木酮糖 (mùtóngtáng)
- 果味膠糖 / 果味胶糖
- 果寡糖
- 果糖 (guǒtáng)
- 桂糖
- 核糖 (hétáng)
- 核糖核酸 (hétánghésuān)
- 核糖體 / 核糖体 (hétángtǐ)
- 桂花糖
- 核酮糖 (hétóngtáng)
- 條兒糖 / 条儿糖
- 條糖兒 / 条糖儿
- 梨膏糖 (lígāotáng)
- 棒棒糖 (bàngbàngtáng)
- 棒糖 (bàngtáng)
- 棉花糖 (miánhuātáng)
- 楓糖 / 枫糖 (fēngtáng)
- 槭糖漿 / 槭糖浆 (cùtángjiāng)
- 橄欖糖 / 橄榄糖
- 欖糖 / 榄糖
- 氨基葡糖
- 氨基葡萄糖
- 水果糖
- 沙糖 (shātáng)
- 波板糖 (bōbǎntáng)
- 泡泡口香糖
- 泡泡糖 (pàopàotáng)
- 洗心糖
- 洋糖
- 混糖
- 澆切糖 / 浇切糖
- 無糖 / 无糖 (wútáng)
- 焦糖 (jiāotáng)
- 熬糖
- 牛奶糖 (niúnǎitáng)
- 牛皮糖 (niúpítáng)
- 猊糖
- 獸糖 / 兽糖
- 琥珀糖
- 甜菊糖
- 畫糖 / 画糖
- 白砂糖 (báishātáng)
- 白糖 (báitáng)
- 砂糖 (shātáng)
- 砂糖魚兒 / 砂糖鱼儿
- 破米糟糖
- 硬糖 (yìngtáng)
- 窠絲糖 / 窠丝糖
- 窩絲糖 / 窝丝糖
- 糖人 (tángrén)
- 糖人兒 / 糖人儿
- 糖元
- 糖分 (tángfèn)
- 糖化 (tánghuà)
- 糖原 (tángyuán)
- 糖婚
- 糖尿病 (tángniàobìng)
- 糖廠 / 糖厂 (tángchǎng)
- 糖彈 / 糖弹 (tángdàn)
- 糖房
- 糖果 (tángguǒ)
- 糖水 (tángshuǐ)
- 糖汁
- 糖漿 / 糖浆 (tángjiāng)
- 糖炒栗子
- 糖瓜 (tángguā)
- 糖異生 / 糖异生 (tángyìshēng)
- 糖皮質激素 / 糖皮质激素 (tángpízhìjīsù)
- 糖稀 (tángxī)
- 糖粉 (tángfěn)
- 糖精 (tángjīng)
- 糖紙 / 糖纸
- 糖罐
- 糖脂 (tángzhī)
- 糖舌蜜口
- 糖苷 (tánggān)
- 糖苷類 / 糖苷类
- 糖萼
- 糖葫蘆 / 糖葫芦 (tánghúlu)
- 糖蒜 (tángsuàn)
- 糖蘿蔔 / 糖萝卜 (tángluóbo)
- 糖蛋白 (tángdànbái)
- 糖蜜 (tángmì)
- 糖蟹
- 糖衣 (tángyī)
- 糖衣炮彈 / 糖衣炮弹 (tángyī pàodàn)
- 糖解作用
- 糖質新生 / 糖质新生 (tángzhìxīnshēng)
- 糖酯
- 糖酵解 (tángjiàojiě)
- 糖醋 (tángcù)
- 糖醇 (tángchún)
- 糖醋肉 (tángcùròu)
- 糖醋里脊
- 糖醋魚 / 糖醋鱼
- 糖霜 (tángshuāng)
- 糖類 / 糖类 (tánglèi)
- 糖食 (tángshí)
- 糖餅 / 糖饼 (tángbǐng)
- 紅糖 / 红糖 (hóngtáng)
- 綿白糖 / 绵白糖 (miánbáitáng)
- 綿糖 / 绵糖 (miántáng)
- 繭糖 / 茧糖
- 肝糖 (gāntáng)
- 肽聚糖 (tàijùtáng)
- 脫氧核糖 / 脱氧核糖 (tuōyǎng hétáng)
- 膠姆糖 / 胶姆糖 (jiāomǔtáng)
- 菊糖
- 葡糖 (pútáng)
- 葡萄糖 (pútáotáng)
- 蔗糖 (zhètáng)
- 蜂糖 (fēngtáng)
- 蠟糖人 / 蜡糖人
- 血糖 (xuètáng)
- 詹糖
- 賣糖 / 卖糖
- 軟糖 / 软糖 (ruǎntáng)
- 轉化糖 / 转化糖
- 透糖
- 遼花糖 / 辽花糖
- 配糖體 / 配糖体 (pèitángtǐ)
- 酥糖
- 酮糖 (tóngtáng)
- 醛糖 (quántáng)
- 鉤子麻糖 / 钩子麻糖
- 關東糖 / 关东糖
- 阿拉伯糖 (ālābótáng)
- 雙糖 / 双糖 (shuāngtáng)
- 霜糖
- 響糖 / 响糖
- 響糖獅子 / 响糖狮子
- 食糖 (shítáng)
- 飴糖 / 饴糖 (yítáng)
- 餳糖 / 饧糖 (xíngtáng)
- 饗糖 / 飨糖
- 高血糖 (gāoxuètáng)
- 高血糖症
- 麥芽糖 / 麦芽糖 (màiyátáng)
- 麻糖 (mátáng)
- 麻酥糖 (másūtáng)
- 黃糖 / 黄糖 (huángtáng)
- 黃繭糖 / 黄茧糖
- 黑糖 (hēitáng)
- 鼻凹糖
Descendants
Others:
- → Guiqiong: d’ɐŋ
- → Macanese: tôm-tôm
References
- “糖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03070
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