菩薩

See also: 菩萨

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (菩薩)		菩	薩
simp. (菩萨)		菩	萨

Wikipedia has an article on:

• 菩薩

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): púsà

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pu² sa¹

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pou⁴ saat³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): po³ lhat¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): pu² sat
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phù-sat

  (Hailu, HRS): pu sad

  (Meixian, Guangdong): pu² sad⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): pu¹ sa³
• Northern Min (KCR): pǔ-să
• Eastern Min (BUC): bù-sák
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pou² sua⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): phô͘-sat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pu⁵ sag⁴

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶bu-saq₇ / ⁶bu₂-saeq₇; ²bu-saeq₇
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pu² sa⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: púsà → púsa (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ → ㄆㄨˊ ˙ㄙㄚ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: púså
    • Wade–Giles: pʻu²-sa⁵
    • Yale: pú-sa
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwu.sah
    • Palladius: пуса (pusa)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/ → /pʰu³⁵ sä³/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: pu² sa¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pusa
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu²¹ sa⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: pou⁴ saat³
    • Yale: pòuh saat
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pou⁴ saat⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: pou⁴ sad³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰou̯²¹ saːt̚³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: po³ lhat¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰᵘɔ²² ɬat̚³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: pu² sat
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu²⁴ sat̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phù-sat
    • Hakka Romanization System: pu^ˇ sad^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pu² sad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹ sat̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: pu sad
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰu⁵⁵ sat⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: pu² sad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹ sat̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: pu¹ sa³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰu¹¹ sa⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pǔ-să
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu²¹ sa²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bù-sák
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu⁵³⁻²¹ ^(s-)lɑʔ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: pou² sua⁵ [Phonetic: pou⁴ lua⁵]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: pó-suā
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔu¹³⁻⁴² ^(ɬ-)lua¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: pou² sua⁵ [Phonetic: pou⁴ lua⁵]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔu²⁴⁻⁴² ^(ɬ-)lua²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phô͘-sat
    • Tâi-lô: phôo-sat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phosad
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² sat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔ¹³⁻²² sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɔ²³⁻³³ sat̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: pu⁵ sag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phû sak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sak̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶bu-saq₇
    • MiniDict: bu^去 sah^入
    • MiniDict: bu^去 seh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bu-saq₄
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bu²² saʔ⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /bu¹¹ sɑʔ⁵³/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶bu₂-saeq₇; ²bu-saeq₇
    • MiniDict: bu^平 saeh^入; bu^平 saeh^入
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /bu²³ saʔ¹¹/, /bu²² saʔ³³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: pu² sa⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu¹³ sa̠²⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: bu sat

Rime
Character	菩	薩
Reading #	1/4	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	曷 (63)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	薄胡切	桑割切
Baxter	bu	sat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buo/	/sɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/buo/	/sɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/bo/	/sɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bɔ/	/sat̚/
Li Rong	/bo/	/sɑt̚/
Wang Li	/bu/	/sɑt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱuo/	/sɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pú	sa
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pou4	saat3

Etymology 1

Short for 菩提薩埵／菩提萨埵 (pútísàduǒ), itself from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta. Later semantically extended to refer to a particularly virtuous person. (Dassanayake (2021))

Noun

菩薩

1. (Buddhism) bodhisattva
2. (figurative, sometimes ironic) kind-hearted person; kind and charitable person

   菩薩心腸／菩萨心肠  ―  púsàxīncháng  ―  heart of a bodhisattva (to be especially kind)

Synonyms

• (bodhisattva): 摩訶薩埵／摩诃萨埵 (móhēsàduǒ), 菩提薩埵／菩提萨埵 (pútísàduǒ); (Hokkien) 佛公

Derived terms

• 四大菩薩 / 四大菩萨 (Sì Dà Púsà)
• 土地菩薩 / 土地菩萨 (tǔdì púsà)
• 土菩薩過江 / 土菩萨过江 (tǔpúsà guòjiāng)
• 地藏王菩薩 / 地藏王菩萨 (Dìzàngwáng Púsà)
• 地藏菩薩 / 地藏菩萨 (Dìzàng Púsà)
• 大勢至菩薩 / 大势至菩萨 (Dàshìzhì Púsà)
• 楊泗菩薩 / 杨泗菩萨
• 泥菩薩 / 泥菩萨
• 泥菩薩落水 / 泥菩萨落水 (nípúsà luòshuǐ)
• 泥菩薩過江 / 泥菩萨过江 (nípúsàguòjiāng)
• 活菩薩 / 活菩萨 (huópúsà)
• 生菩薩 / 生菩萨
• 眼光菩薩 / 眼光菩萨
• 肉身菩薩 / 肉身菩萨
• 菩提正道菩薩戒論 / 菩提正道菩萨戒论
• 菩薩低眉 / 菩萨低眉 (púsà dī méi)
• 菩薩十地 / 菩萨十地
• 菩薩哥兒 / 菩萨哥儿
• 菩薩地 / 菩萨地
• 菩薩心腸 / 菩萨心肠 (púsàxīncháng)
• 菩薩戒 / 菩萨戒 (Púsà jiè)
• 菩薩蠻 / 菩萨蛮 (púsàmán)
• 菩薩面 / 菩萨面 (púsàmiàn)
• 菩薩魚 / 菩萨鱼 (púsàyú)
• 藥王菩薩 / 药王菩萨 (Yàowáng Púsà)
• 觀世音菩薩 / 观世音菩萨 (Guānshìyīn Púsà)
• 觀自在菩薩 / 观自在菩萨 (Guānzìzài Púsà)
• 觀音菩薩 / 观音菩萨 (Guānyīn Púsà)
• 路頭菩薩 / 路头菩萨
• 邊菩薩 / 边菩萨
• 馬明菩薩 / 马明菩萨
• 黃毛菩薩 / 黄毛菩萨

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (菩薩):

• → Japanese: 菩(ぼ)薩(さつ) (bosatsu)
• → Korean: 보살(菩薩) (bosal)
• → Vietnamese: bồ tát (菩薩)

Others:

• → Peranakan Indonesian: powsat
• → Manchu: ᡦᡠᠰᠠ (pusa)

Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of Khmer ពោធិ៍សាត់ (poosat).

Proper noun

菩薩

1. (～省) Pursat (a province of Cambodia)
2. (～市) Pursat (a city in Pursat, Cambodia)