鋼

See also: 钢

鋼 U+92FC, 鋼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-92FC ← 鋻 [U+92FB] CJK Unified Ideographs 鋽 → [U+92FD]

Translingual

Han character

鋼 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金月廿山 (CBTU), four-corner 8712₀, composition ⿰釒岡)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1309, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40509
• Dae Jaweon: page 1810, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4220, character 5
• Unihan data for U+92FC

Chinese

trad.		鋼
simp.		钢
alternative forms		鎠

Wikipedia has an article on:

• 鋼

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
岡	*klaːŋ
崗	*klaːŋ
剛	*klaːŋ
掆	*klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
鋼	*klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
綱	*klaːŋ
犅	*klaːŋ
堈	*klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ).

Etymology

Along with 剛 (OC *klaːŋ, “hard, firm, stiff”), derived from the terminative of 固 (OC *kaːs, “firm, solid, hard”), literally "having become solid, hard" (Schuessler, 2007).

For the identity of the unknown preinitial *C reconstructed by Baxter & Sagart (2014), compare the pre-syllable *t- of Proto-Vietic *t-kaːŋ, its reflex.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāng (gang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gong³ / gong¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gong⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kong

  (Hailu, HRS): gong^ˇ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gong⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): gáung
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kǹg / kòng / kong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): geng³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kaon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gang
    • Wade–Giles: kang¹
    • Yale: gāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
    • Palladius: ган (gan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gong³ / gong¹
    • Yale: gong / gōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gong³ / gong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gong³ / gong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ³³/, /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Note: gong3 - variant.

• • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kong
    • Hakka Romanization System: gong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /koŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gong^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /koŋ¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kɔŋ⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gáung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑuŋ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǹg
    • Tâi-lô: kǹg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kngx
    • IPA (Taipei): /kŋ̍¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kŋ̍²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòng
    • Tâi-lô: kòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koxng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
    • Tâi-lô: kong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

• kǹg - vernacular;
• kòng/kong - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: geng³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ̀ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹kaon
    • MiniDict: kaon^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɑ̃⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kang, kangH

Rime
Character	鋼	鋼
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古郎切	古浪切
Baxter	kang	kangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaŋ/	/kaŋH/
Li Rong	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Wang Li	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāng	gàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gong1	gong3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.kˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/, /*klaːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鋼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kang ›
Old Chinese	/*C.kˁaŋ/
English	cast iron; steel
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鋼	鋼
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3715	3719
Phonetic component	岡	岡
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	岡	鋼
Old Chinese	/*klaːŋ/	/*klaːŋs/

Definitions

鋼

1. steel

See also

• 鐵／铁 (tiě, “iron”)

Compounds

• 不鏽鋼 / 不锈钢 (bùxiùgāng)
• 不鏽鋼板 / 不锈钢板
• 中碳鋼 / 中碳钢
• 九煉成鋼 / 九炼成钢
• 冷軋鋼板 / 冷轧钢板
• 合金鋼 / 合金钢
• 吊鋼絲 / 吊钢丝
• 土法煉鋼 / 土法炼钢 (tǔfǎ liàngāng)
• 型鋼 / 型钢 (xínggāng)
• 塑鋼 / 塑钢
• 小鋼炮 / 小钢炮
• 小鋼珠 / 小钢珠
• 工具鋼 / 工具钢 (gōngjùgāng)
• 工字鋼 / 工字钢 (gōngzìgāng)
• 彈簧鋼 / 弹簧钢 (tánhuánggāng)
• 斬鋼截鐵 / 斩钢截铁
• 槽鋼 / 槽钢 (cáogāng)
• 殷鋼
• 煉鋼 / 炼钢 (liàngāng)
• 煉鋼廠 / 炼钢厂
• 特種鋼 / 特种钢
• 玻璃鋼 / 玻璃钢
• 百鍊之鋼 / 百炼之钢
• 百鍊成鋼 / 百炼成钢 (bǎiliànchénggāng)
• 百鍊鋼 / 百炼钢
• 矽鋼 / 矽钢
• 硬鋼 / 硬钢
• 硼鋼 / 硼钢 (pénggāng)
• 碳素鋼 / 碳素钢
• 磁鋼 / 磁钢
• 碳鋼 / 碳钢 (tàngāng)
• 角鋼 / 角钢 (jiǎogāng)
• 謄寫鋼版 / 誊写钢版
• 走鋼絲 / 走钢丝 (zǒu gāngsī)
• 軋鋼 / 轧钢
• 軋鋼機 / 轧钢机
• 鉬鋼 / 钼钢 (mùgāng)
• 鉻鋼 / 铬钢
• 銦鋼 / 铟钢
• 鋼刀 / 钢刀 (gāngdāo)
• 鋼剪 / 钢剪
• 鋼化玻璃 / 钢化玻璃 (gānghuà bōli)
• 鋼協 / 钢协 (gāngxié)
• 鋼印 / 钢印 (gāngyìn)
• 鋼叉 / 钢叉
• 鋼城 / 钢城 (Gāngchéng)
• 鋼婚 / 钢婚
• 鋼尺 / 钢尺
• 鋼山 / 钢山 (Gāngshān)
• 鋼彈 / 钢弹
• 鋼材 / 钢材 (gāngcái)
• 鋼板 / 钢板 (gāngbǎn)
• 鋼架 / 钢架 (gāngjià)
• 鋼條 / 钢条
• 鋼水 / 钢水 (gāngshuǐ)
• 鋼片琴 / 钢片琴 (gāngpiànqín)
• 鋼版 / 钢版
• 鋼牙 / 钢牙 (gāngyá)
• 鋼珠 / 钢珠
• 鋼琴 / 钢琴 (gāngqín)
• 鋼琴酒吧 / 钢琴酒吧
• 鋼盔 / 钢盔 (gāngkuī)
• 鋼砂 / 钢砂
• 鋼砧 / 钢砧
• 鋼種 / 钢种
• 鋼筆 / 钢笔 (gāngbǐ)
• 鋼筋 / 钢筋 (gāngjīn)
• 鋼筆畫 / 钢笔画
• 鋼管 / 钢管 (gāngguǎn)
• 鋼索 / 钢索 (gāngsuǒ)
• 鋼紙 / 钢纸
• 鋼絲 / 钢丝 (gāngsī)
• 鋼絲刷 / 钢丝刷
• 鋼絲鋸 / 钢丝锯
• 鋼纜 / 钢缆
• 鋼胚 / 钢胚
• 鋼軌 / 钢轨 (gāngguǐ)
• 錳鋼 / 锰钢
• 鋼錠 / 钢锭
• 鋼鐵 / 钢铁 (gāngtiě)
• 鋼鐵工業 / 钢铁工业
• 鋼鑿 / 钢凿
• 鋼骨 / 钢骨
• 鋼骨水泥 / 钢骨水泥
• 鍍鉻鋼 / 镀铬钢
• 鎢鋼 / 钨钢
• 鎳鋼 / 镍钢
• 鑄鋼 / 铸钢
• 高碳鋼 / 高碳钢
• 高速鋼 / 高速钢
• 點鋼槍 / 点钢枪
• 點鋼鍬 / 点钢锹

Descendants

• → Classical Mongolian: ᠭᠠᠩ (ɣang)
  • Mongolian:

    Mongolian script: ᠭᠠᠩ (ɣang)

    Cyrillic script: ган (gan)

  • → Buryat: ган (gan)
  • → Tuvan: каң (kañ)
• → Manchu: ᡬᠠᠨ (g'an)
• → Tai Nüa: ᥐᥣᥒ (kaang)
• → Proto-Vietic: *t-kaːŋ (via Old Chinese)
  • Middle Vietnamese:
    • Vietnamese: gang

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gàng (gang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gong³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gàng
    • Wade–Giles: kang⁴
    • Yale: gàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganq
    • Palladius: ган (gan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gong³
    • Yale: gong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gong³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ³³/

Definitions

鋼

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) hard; strong; tough
2. to sharpen; to whet; to strop

Compounds

• 鋼刀布 / 钢刀布

References

• “鋼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 鋼

鋼

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: はがね (hagane, 鋼, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鋼
はがね Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
刃金

刃 (ha, “blade”) +‎ 金 (kane, “metal”)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) はがね [hàgáné] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ha̠ɡa̠ne̞]

Noun

鋼(はがね) • (hagane) 

1. steel (metal produced from iron)

   鋼(はがね)のように硬(かた)い。

   Hagane no yō ni katai.

   Hard as steel.

Synonyms

• 鋼(こう)鉄(てつ) (kōtetsu)

Korean

Hanja

鋼 (eumhun 강철/굳셀 강 (gangcheol/gutsel gang))

1. hanja form^? of 강 (“steel”)
2. hanja form^? of 강 (“hard; strong”)

Compounds

• 강철 (鋼鐵, gangcheol, “steel”)

Vietnamese

Han character

鋼: Hán Nôm readings: cương, gang, cang

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.