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險
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
險 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 弓中人一人 (NLOMO), four-corner 78286, composition ⿰阝僉)
Derived characters
- 𧂹
Related characters
- 険 (Japanese shinjitai)
- 险 (Simplified Chinese)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1361, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41874
- Dae Jaweon: page 1865, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4160, character 8
- Unihan data for U+96AA
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰramʔ): semantic 阝 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
Etymology
May be cognate with 巖 (OC *ŋraːm, “tall; cliff”). See 嚴 for more.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xian3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щян (xi͡an, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): xien3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xie2
- Northern Min (KCR): hǐng / híng
- Eastern Min (BUC): hiēng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5shi
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xienn3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎn
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siǎn
- Wade–Giles: hsien3
- Yale: syǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shean
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xian3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xian
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɛn⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щян (xi͡an, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiæ̃⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: him2
- Yale: hím
- Cantonese Pinyin: him2
- Guangdong Romanization: him2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiːm³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hiam2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiam⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xien3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɛn²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiám
- Hakka Romanization System: hiamˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hiam3
- Sinological IPA: /hi̯am³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xie2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hǐng / híng
- Sinological IPA (key): /xiŋ²¹/, /xiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hiēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hieŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Klang)
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hém
- Tâi-lô: hém
- Phofsit Daibuun: heam
- IPA (Hui'an): /hem⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiáⁿ
- Tâi-lô: hiánn
- Phofsit Daibuun: hviar
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hiã⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /hiã⁵³/
Note:
- hiám/hém - literary;
- hiáⁿ - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hiam2 / hiang2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiám / hiáng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiam⁵²/, /hiaŋ⁵²/
- (Teochew)
Note: hiang2 - Chenghai.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: xjemX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰr[a]mʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰramʔ/
Definitions
險
- (of terrain) difficult and treacherous
- (now in compounds) narrow pass; treacherous place; strategic point
- (now dialectal or in compounds) danger; hazard; peril; risk
- 冒險／冒险 ― màoxiǎn ― to take a risk
- 脫險／脱险 ― tuōxiǎn ― to escape danger
- 避過呢場險 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
- From: 2002, 李榮 (Li Rong), chief editor, 《現代漢語方言大詞典》 [Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects], Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Publishing House, →ISBN, page 5595
- bei6 gwo3 nei1 coeng4 him2 [Jyutping]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
避过呢场险 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
- 故君子居易以俟命，小人行險以徼幸。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Gù jūnzǐ jūyì yǐ sìmìng, xiǎorén xíngxiǎn yǐ jiàoxìng. [Pinyin]
- Thus it is that the superior man is quiet and calm, waiting for the appointments of Heaven, while the mean man walks in dangerous paths, looking for lucky occurrences.
故君子居易以俟命，小人行险以徼幸。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- dangerous; hazardous
- 驚險／惊险 ― jīngxiǎn ― breathtaking
- 險得滯 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
- From: 2002, 李榮 (Li Rong), chief editor, 《現代漢語方言大詞典》 [Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects], Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Publishing House, →ISBN, page 5595
- him2 dak1 zai6 [Jyutping]
- too dangerous
险得滞 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
- (now dialectal or in compounds) sinister; vicious
- (of bad things) almost; nearly
- (in compounds) short for 保險／保险 (bǎoxiǎn, “insurance”)
Synonyms
- (almost):
- 差一點 / 差一点
- 差啲 (caa1 di1) (Cantonese)
- 差小可 (Hokkien)
- 差小可仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 差小可囝 (Puxian Min)
- 差少少 (Puxian Min)
- 差淡薄 (Hokkien)
- 差淡薄仔 (Hokkien)
- 差滴涓 (Puxian Min)
- 差滴涓囝 (Puxian Min)
- 差無偌 / 差无偌 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
- 差點 / 差点 (chàdiǎn)
- 差點咖子 / 差点咖子 (ca1 dienn3 ga zr) (Xiang)
- 差點囝 / 差点囝 (Puxian Min)
- 急下烏 / 急下乌 (7ciq-shia-u) (Wu)
- 爭些 / 争些 (zhēngxiē) (obsolete)
- 爭啲 / 争啲 (zaang1 di1) (Cantonese)
- 爭差點兒 / 争差点儿 (zen1 ca1 dianr3) (Sichuanese)
- 爭滴滴兒 / 争滴滴儿 (zen1 di1 dir3-1) (Sichuanese)
- 爭點兒 / 争点儿 (zen1 dianr3) (Sichuanese)
- 絀滴囝 / 绌滴囝 (Teochew)
- 臨臨仔 / 临临仔 (Hokkien)
- 險些 / 险些 (xiǎnxiē) (of bad things)
- 險介乎 / 险介乎 (5shi-cia-wu) (Wu)
- 險險 / 险险 (Hokkien)
Compounds
- 人壽保險 / 人寿保险 (rénshòu bǎoxiǎn)
- 人身保險 / 人身保险 (rénshēn bǎoxiǎn)
- 保險 / 保险 (bǎoxiǎn)
- 保險人 / 保险人 (bǎoxiǎnrén)
- 保險公司 / 保险公司 (bǎoxiǎn gōngsī)
- 保險刀片 / 保险刀片
- 保險利益 / 保险利益
- 保險單 / 保险单 (bǎoxiǎndān)
- 保險套 / 保险套 (bǎoxiǎntào)
- 保險桿 / 保险杆 (bǎoxiǎngǎn)
- 保險業 / 保险业 (bǎoxiǎnyè)
- 保險槓 / 保险杠 (bǎoxiǎngàng)
- 保險櫃 / 保险柜 (bǎoxiǎnguì)
- 保險法 / 保险法 (bǎoxiǎnfǎ)
- 保險燈 / 保险灯 (bǎoxiǎndēng)
- 保險箱 / 保险箱 (bǎoxiǎnxiāng)
- 保險絲 / 保险丝 (bǎoxiǎnsī)
- 保險給付 / 保险给付
- 保險費 / 保险费 (bǎoxiǎnfèi)
- 保險賠償 / 保险赔偿
- 保險金 / 保险金 (bǎoxiǎnjīn)
- 保險開關 / 保险开关
- 健康保險 / 健康保险 (jiànkāng bǎoxiǎn)
- 偏險 / 偏险
- 傷害保險 / 伤害保险
- 全民保險 / 全民保险
- 公共保險 / 公共保险
- 兵災保險 / 兵灾保险
- 兵險 / 兵险
- 冒險 / 冒险 (màoxiǎn)
- 冒險犯難 / 冒险犯难
- 冒險進取 / 冒险进取
- 凶險 (xiōngxiǎn)
- 出險 / 出险 (chūxiǎn)
- 勞動保險 / 劳动保险
- 包裹保險 / 包裹保险
- 化險為夷 / 化险为夷 (huà xiǎn wéi yí)
- 千難萬險 / 千难万险
- 危險 / 危险 (wēixiǎn)
- 危險分子 / 危险分子
- 危險性 / 危险性 (wēixiǎnxìng)
- 危險期 / 危险期
- 危險物 / 危险物
- 地窄路險 / 地窄路险
- 壽險 / 寿险 (shòuxiǎn)
- 大驚大險 / 大惊大险
- 太空探險 / 太空探险
- 天險 / 天险 (tiānxiǎn)
- 失業保險 / 失业保险
- 夷險 / 夷险
- 夷險一節 / 夷险一节
- 好險 / 好险 (hǎoxiǎn)
- 奸險 (jiānxiǎn)
- 定期保險 / 定期保险
- 履險如夷 / 履险如夷
- 山險 / 山险 (shānxiǎn)
- 平安險 / 平安险
- 幽險 / 幽险
- 弄險 / 弄险
- 強制保險 / 强制保险
- 意外險 / 意外险
- 憑險 / 凭险
- 拉保險 / 拉保险
- 探險 / 探险 (tànxiǎn)
- 探險家 / 探险家
- 擔險 / 担险
- 有驚無險 / 有惊无险 (yǒujīngwúxiǎn)
- 歷盡艱險 / 历尽艰险
- 歷險 / 历险 (lìxiǎn)
- 水險 / 水险
- 汽車保險 / 汽车保险
- 海上保險 / 海上保险
- 涉危履險 / 涉危履险
- 海門天險 / 海门天险
- 涉險 / 涉险
- 漁民保險 / 渔民保险
- 火災保險 / 火灾保险
- 火險 / 火险 (huǒxiǎn)
- 產物保險 / 产物保险
- 產險 / 产险
- 社會保險 / 社会保险 (shèhuì bǎoxiǎn)
- 視險如夷 / 视险如夷 (shìxiǎnrúyí)
- 視險若夷 / 视险若夷 (shìxiǎnruòyí)
- 私校保險 / 私校保险
- 稻作保險 / 稻作保险
- 竊盜險 / 窃盗险
- 終身保險 / 终身保险
- 耽險 / 耽险
- 脫險 / 脱险 (tuōxiǎn)
- 艱險 / 艰险 (jiānxiǎn)
- 艱難險阻 / 艰难险阻 (jiānnánxiǎnzǔ)
- 被保險人 / 被保险人 (bèibǎoxiǎnrén)
- 設險 / 设险
- 責任保險 / 责任保险 (zérèn bǎoxiǎn)
- 赴險 / 赴险 (fùxiǎn)
- 赴險如夷 / 赴险如夷
- 遇險 / 遇险 (yùxiǎn)
- 鋌而走險 / 铤而走险 (tǐng'érzǒuxiǎn)
- 阻險 / 阻险
- 陰險 / 阴险 (yīnxiǎn)
- 隘險 / 隘险
- 險些 / 险些 (xiǎnxiē)
- 險勝 / 险胜 (xiǎnshèng)
- 險句 / 险句
- 險固 / 险固 (xiǎngù)
- 險地 / 险地 (xiǎndì)
- 險塞 / 险塞
- 險境 / 险境 (xiǎnjìng)
- 險峰 / 险峰
- 險峻 / 险峻 (xiǎnjùn)
- 險巇 / 险巇 (xiǎnxī)
- 險工 / 险工
- 險惡 / 险恶 (xiǎn'è)
- 險戲 / 险戏
- 險易 / 险易
- 險棘 / 险棘
- 險滑 / 险滑
- 險灘 / 险滩 (xiǎntān)
- 險症 / 险症
- 險要 / 险要 (xiǎnyào)
- 險詐 / 险诈 (xiǎnzhà)
- 險詖 / 险诐
- 險語 / 险语
- 險譎 / 险谲
- 險象 / 险象 (xiǎnxiàng)
- 險象環生 / 险象环生 (xiǎnxiànghuánshēng)
- 險路 / 险路
- 險途 / 险途
- 險道神 / 险道神
- 險遭不測 / 险遭不测
- 險釁 / 险衅
- 險阻 / 险阻 (xiǎnzǔ)
- 險阻艱難 / 险阻艰难
- 險隘 / 险隘
- 險韻 / 险韵
- 風險 / 风险 (fēngxiǎn)
- 驚險 / 惊险 (jīngxiǎn)
- 驚險百出 / 惊险百出
Descendants
References
- “險”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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Japanese
| 険 | |
| 險 |
Kanji
險
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 険)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
險 • (heom) (hangeul 험, revised heom, McCune–Reischauer hŏm, Yale hem)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
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