韭

See also: 艽 and 非

韭 U+97ED, 韭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-97ED ← 韬 [U+97EC] CJK Unified Ideographs 韮 → [U+97EE]

⾲ U+2FB2, ⾲ KANGXI RADICAL LEEK ← ⾱ [U+2FB1] Kangxi Radicals ⾳ → [U+2FB3]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

See images of
Radical 179 韭

韭 (Kangxi radical 179, 韭+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中尸一一 (LSMM) or 中一一一 (LMMM), four-corner 1110₁, composition ⿱非一)

1. Kangxi radical #179, ⾲.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/韭
• 𭪾, 齑, 齏, 𢌁, 㔐

See also

• 非

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1396, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43236
• Dae Jaweon: page 1911, character 24
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4404, character 1
• Unihan data for U+97ED

Chinese

simp. and trad.		韭
2nd round simp.		艽
alternative forms		韮

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 韭
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) – leek in the ground (一). Unrelated to 非.

Etymology

Cognate to Tibetan སྒོག་པ (sgog pa, “garlic, leek”) and Japhug ɕku (“onion”) (Zhang, Jacques & Lai 2019). One can reconstruct Proto-Sino-Tibetan *skuq to cover these words.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jiǔ (jiu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiu³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gau²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): giu²

• Gan (Wiktionary): jiu³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kiú

  (Meixian, Guangdong): giu³

• Jin (Wiktionary): jiou²
• Northern Min (KCR): hiǔ
• Eastern Min (BUC): giū
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kú / kiú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gu²

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gao²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵cieu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jiou³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒu
    • Wade–Giles: chiu³
    • Yale: jyǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeou
    • Palladius: цзю (czju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: jiu³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gau²
    • Yale: gáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: geo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: giu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiu⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: jiu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiu²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiú
    • Hakka Romanization System: giu^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giu³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯u³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: giu³
    • Sinological IPA: /kiu³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jiou²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hiǔ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiu²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: giū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kieu³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kú
    • Tâi-lô: kú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kuo
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ku⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ku⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ku⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiú
    • Tâi-lô: kiú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiuo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiu⁵³/

Note:

• kú - vernacular;
• kiú - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gu²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵²/
  • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: gao²
    • Sinological IPA: /kau³¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵cieu
    • MiniDict: cieu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɤ³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: jiou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjuwX

Rime
Character	韭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	舉有切
Baxter	kjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuX/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwX/
Li Rong	/kiuX/
Wang Li	/kĭəuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.[k](r)uʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kuʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	韭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*s.[k](r)uʔ/
English	Allium
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	韭
Reading #	1/1
No.	6976
Phonetic component	韭
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	久
Old Chinese	/*kuʔ/

Definitions

韭

1. garlic chives; Chinese chives; Chinese leek (Allium tuberosum)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 韭菜 (“garlic chives”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		韭
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		韭菜
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	韭菜
	Taiwan	韭菜
	Chengde	韭菜
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	韭菜
	Heihe	韭菜
	Qiqihar	韭菜
	Harbin	韭菜
	Jiamusi	韭菜
	Baicheng	韭菜
	Changchun	韭菜
	Tonghua	韭菜
	Shenyang	韭菜
	Jinzhou	韭菜
	Malaysia	韭菜
	Singapore	韭菜
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	韭菜
	Tangshan	韭菜
	Cangzhou	韭菜
	Baoding	韭菜
	Shijiazhuang	韭菜
	Lijin	韭菜
	Jinan	韭菜
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	韭菜
	Dandong	韭菜
	Yantai	韭菜
	Yantai (Muping)	韭菜
	Qingdao	韭菜
	Zhucheng	韭菜
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	韭菜
	Lingbao	韭菜
	Jining	韭菜
	Wanrong	韭菜
	Linfen	韭菜
	Shangqiu	韭菜
	Yuanyang	韭菜
	Zhengzhou	韭菜
	Xinyang	韭菜
	Baihe	韭菜
	Xi'an	韭菜
	Baoji	韭菜
	Tianshui	韭菜
	Xining	韭菜
	Xuzhou	韭菜
	Fuyang	韭菜
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	韭菜
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	韭菜
	Lanzhou	韭菜
	Dunhuang	韭菜
	Hami	韭菜
	Ürümqi	韭菜
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	韭菜
	Nanchong	韭菜
	Dazhou	韭菜
	Hanyuan	韭菜
	Xichang	韭菜
	Zigong	韭菜
	Chongqing	韭菜
	Wuhan	韭菜
	Yichang	韭菜
	Xiangyang	韭菜
	Tianmen	韭菜
	Guiyang	韭菜
	Zunyi	韭菜
	Bijie	韭菜
	Liping	韭菜
	Zhaotong	韭菜
	Dali	韭菜
	Kunming	韭菜
	Mengzi	韭菜
	Guilin	韭菜
	Liuzhou	韭菜, 扁菜
	Nanning (Wuming)	扁菜
	Jishou	韭菜
	Changde	韭菜
	Hanzhong	韭菜
	Dagudi (Maliba)	韭菜
	Reshuitang (Longling)	韭菜
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	韭菜
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	韭菜
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	韭菜
	Yangzhou	韭菜
	Lianyungang	韭菜
	Lianshui	韭菜
	Nantong	韭菜
	Anqing	韭菜
	Wuhu	韭菜
	Hefei	韭菜
	Huanggang	韭菜
	Hong'an	韭菜
Cantonese	Guangzhou	韭菜
	Hong Kong	韭菜
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	韭菜
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	韭菜
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	韭菜
	Macau	韭菜
	Macau (Tanka)	韭菜
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	韭菜
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	韭菜
	Taishan	韭菜
	Taishan (Guanghai)	韭菜
	Dongguan	韭菜
	Yangjiang	韭菜
	Maoming (Xinpo)	韭菜
	Gaozhou	快菜
	Nanning	扁菜
	Nanning (Tanka)	扁菜
	Wuzhou	快菜
	Yulin	韭菜
	Rongxian	韭菜
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	韭菜
	Hepu (Shatian)	韭菜
	Guiping	快菜, 扁菜
	Guiping (Mule)	快菜
	Pingnan	韭菜
	Guigang (Gangcheng)	韭菜
	Guigang (Pingdong)	韭菜
	Beihai	韭菜
	Beihai (Nankang)	韭菜
	Beihai (Yingpan)	韭菜
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	韭菜
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	韭菜
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	韭菜
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	韭菜
	Ipoh (Guangfu)	韭菜
	Sarikei (Xinhui)	韭菜
	Singapore (Guangfu)	韭菜
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	韭菜
	Móng Cái	快菜, 韭菜
	Mandalay (Taishan)	韭菜
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	韭菜
	Betong (Rongxian)	韭菜
Gan	Nanchang	韭菜, 快菜 dated
	Pengze	韭菜
	Lichuan	韭菜
	Pingxiang	韭菜
Hakka	Meixian	韭菜, 快菜
	Xingning	快菜
	Dabu (Xihe)	韭菜
	Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng)	韭菜
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	韭菜
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	韭菜, 快菜
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	快菜
	Wuhua (Changbu)	韭菜
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	韭菜
	Jiexi	韭菜
	Luhe	韭菜
	Nanjing (Meilin)	韭菜
	Nanjing (Tianluokeng, Shuyang)	韭菜
	Changting	韭菜
	Longyan (Yongding)	韭菜
	Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding)	韭菜
	Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding)	韭菜
	Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding)	韭菜
	Liancheng (Peitian)	韭菜
	Liancheng (Laiyuan)	韭菜
	Yudu	韭菜, 快菜 sailors
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	韭菜
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	快菜
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	韭菜
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	快菜
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	快菜
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	快菜
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	快菜
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	韭菜
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	韭菜
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	韭菜
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	韭菜
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	韭菜
	Hong Kong	韭菜
	Fumian (Xisha, Xinqiao)	韭菜
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	韭菜
	Luchuan (Sihe, Hengshan)	韭菜
	Bobai (Cuntou, Xintian)	韭菜, 快菜
	Beiliu (Mumian, Xilang)	韭菜
	Xingye (Gaofeng)	韭菜
	Rongxian (Xiandi)	韭菜
	Sabah (Longchuan)	韭菜
	Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	韭菜
	Senai (Huiyang)	韭菜
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	快菜, 韭菜
	Singkawang	快菜
	Bangkok (Meixian)	韭菜, 快菜
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	韭菜
	Bangkok (Jiexi)	韭菜
Huizhou	Jixi	韭菜
	Shexian	韭菜
	Fuliang	韭菜
Jin	Taiyuan	韭菜
	Yangyuan	韭菜
	Datong	韭菜
	Xinzhou	韭菜
	Lüliang (Lishi)	韭菜
	Changzhi	韭菜
	Linhe	韭菜
	Jining	韭菜
	Hohhot	韭菜
	Erenhot	韭菜
	Pingshan	韭菜
	Zhangjiakou	韭菜
	Handan	韭菜
	Linzhou	韭菜
	Suide	韭菜
Northern Min	Jian'ou	韭仔
	Wuyishan	韭仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	韭菜
	Fuqing	韭菜
	Matsu	韭菜
Southern Min	Xiamen	韭菜
	Quanzhou	韭菜
	Zhangzhou	韭菜
	Zhao'an	韭菜
	Taipei	韭菜
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	韭菜
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	韭菜
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	韭菜
	Kaohsiung	韭菜
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	韭菜
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	韭菜
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	韭菜
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	韭菜
	Yilan (Luodong)	韭菜
	Yilan (Toucheng)	韭菜
	Changhua (Yongjing)	韭菜
	Tainan (Anping)	韭菜
	Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng)	韭菜
	Kinmen	韭菜
	Kinmen (Jinsha)	韭菜
	Penghu (Magong)	韭菜
	Penghu (Xiyu)	韭菜
	Penang (Hokkien)	韭菜
	Singapore (Hokkien)	韭菜
	Manila (Hokkien)	韭菜
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	韭菜
	Datian	韭菜仔
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	韭菜
	Chaozhou	韭菜
	Bangkok (Teochew)	韭菜
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	韭菜
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	韭菜
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	韭菜
	Haikou	韭菜
Puxian Min	Putian	韭菜
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	韭菜
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	韭菜
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	韭菜
	Xianyou	韭菜
	Xianyou (Fengting)	韭菜
	Xianyou (Youyang)	韭菜
Central Min	Yong'an	韭菜
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	扁菜, 韭菜
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	韭菜
Wu	Shanghai	韭菜
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	韭菜
	Shanghai (Jiading)	韭菜
	Shanghai (Chongming)	韭菜
	Suzhou	韭菜
	Danyang	韭菜
	Hangzhou	韭菜
	Ningbo	韭菜
	Wenzhou	韭菜
	Jinhua	韭菜
Xiang	Changsha	韭菜
	Loudi	韭菜
	Shuangfeng	韭菜
	Quanzhou	韭菜

Compounds

• 冒雨剪韭
• 堯韭 / 尧韭
• 水韭
• 芽韭
• 韭芽
• 韭菜 (jiǔcài)
• 韭菜盒 (jiǔcàihé)
• 韭菜盒子 (jiǔcài hézi)
• 韭菜花 (jiǔcàihuā)
• 韭黃 / 韭黄 (jiǔhuáng)
• 黃芽韭 / 黄芽韭

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 韭

韭

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. garlic chive

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
• Kun: にら (nira, 韭)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
韭
にら Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 韭 – see the following entry.

【韮にら】H [noun] garlic chive (Allium tuberosum) Alternative spelling ニラ

(This term, 韭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

See also

• 葱(ねぎ) (negi)

Korean

Hanja

韭 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

韭: Hán Nôm readings: cửu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.