-ella - Wikiwand

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ella"

Translingual

Etymology

From Latin -ella.

Suffix

-ella f

(taxonomy) A suffix used to form taxonomic names, of genera of bacteria.

Derived terms

Remove ads

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -ella.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈe.ʎə]

IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈe.ʎa]

Suffix

-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -elles)

forms feminine noun from nouns, indicating a particular kind or class of the root; often, but not always, used to indicate a diminutive form

Derived terms

Remove ads

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-(ë)ldak, from Proto-Uralic *-le-.

Suffix

-ella (front vowel harmony variant -ellä, stem -ele-, linguistic notation -ele- or -ellA)

Forms frequentative verbs. The resulting verb often describes a more or less leisurely or long-lasting activity, or an activity that is not overly goal-oriented.
‎käsittää (“to grasp, understand”) + ‎-ella → ‎käsitellä (“to handle, process”)

‎muistaa (“to remember”) + ‎-ella → ‎muistella (“to think back, commemorate”)

‎nostaa (“to lift”) + ‎-ella → ‎nostella (“to lift repeatedly”)

‎ostaa (“to buy”) + ‎-ella → ‎ostella (“to shop”)

‎rakastaa (“to love”) + ‎-ella → ‎rakastella (“to make love”)

‎savuttaa (“to smoke, to produce smoke”) + ‎-ella → ‎savutella (“to smoke, to consume tobacco”)

Usage notes

Originally in complementary distribution with -illa, but recent coinages may use either (compare nakata → nakella, but hakata → hakkailla).

Some frequentative verbs are formed with the suffix -ia. See list of Finnish frequentative verbs for examples.

Conjugation

More information indicative mood, present tense ...

Inflection of -ella (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation)

indicative mood

present tense

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-elen

en -ele

1st sing.

olen -ellut

en ole -ellut

2nd sing.

-elet

et -ele

2nd sing.

olet -ellut

et ole -ellut

3rd sing.

-elee

ei -ele

3rd sing.

on -ellut

ei ole -ellut

1st plur.

-elemme

emme -ele

1st plur.

olemme -elleet

emme ole -elleet

2nd plur.

-elette

ette -ele

2nd plur.

olette -elleet

ette ole -elleet

3rd plur.

-elevat

eivät -ele

3rd plur.

ovat -elleet

eivät ole -elleet

passive

-ellaan

ei -ella

passive

on -eltu

ei ole -eltu

past tense

pluperfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-elin

en -ellut

1st sing.

olin -ellut

en ollut -ellut

2nd sing.

-elit

et -ellut

2nd sing.

olit -ellut

et ollut -ellut

3rd sing.

-eli

ei -ellut

3rd sing.

oli -ellut

ei ollut -ellut

1st plur.

-elimme

emme -elleet

1st plur.

olimme -elleet

emme olleet -elleet

2nd plur.

-elitte

ette -elleet

2nd plur.

olitte -elleet

ette olleet -elleet

3rd plur.

-elivat

eivät -elleet

3rd plur.

olivat -elleet

eivät olleet -elleet

passive

-eltiin

ei -eltu

passive

oli -eltu

ei ollut -eltu

conditional mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-elisin

en -elisi

1st sing.

olisin -ellut

en olisi -ellut

2nd sing.

-elisit

et -elisi

2nd sing.

olisit -ellut

et olisi -ellut

3rd sing.

-elisi

ei -elisi

3rd sing.

olisi -ellut

ei olisi -ellut

1st plur.

-elisimme

emme -elisi

1st plur.

olisimme -elleet

emme olisi -elleet

2nd plur.

-elisitte

ette -elisi

2nd plur.

olisitte -elleet

ette olisi -elleet

3rd plur.

-elisivat

eivät -elisi

3rd plur.

olisivat -elleet

eivät olisi -elleet

passive

-eltaisiin

ei -eltaisi

passive

olisi -eltu

ei olisi -eltu

imperative mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

—

1st sing.

—

2nd sing.

-ele

älä -ele

2nd sing.

—

3rd sing.

-elkoon

älköön -elko

3rd sing.

olkoon -ellut

älköön olko -ellut

1st plur.

-elkaamme

älkäämme -elko

1st plur.

—

2nd plur.

-elkaa

älkää -elko

2nd plur.

—

3rd plur.

-elkoot

älkööt -elko

3rd plur.

olkoot -elleet

älkööt olko -elleet

passive

-eltakoon

älköön -eltako

passive

olkoon -eltu

älköön olko -eltu

potential mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-ellen

en -elle

1st sing.

lienen -ellut

en liene -ellut

2nd sing.

-ellet

et -elle

2nd sing.

lienet -ellut

et liene -ellut

3rd sing.

-ellee

ei -elle

3rd sing.

lienee -ellut

ei liene -ellut

1st plur.

-ellemme

emme -elle

1st plur.

lienemme -elleet

emme liene -elleet

2nd plur.

-ellette

ette -elle

2nd plur.

lienette -elleet

ette liene -elleet

3rd plur.

-ellevat

eivät -elle

3rd plur.

lienevät -elleet

eivät liene -elleet

passive

-eltaneen

ei -eltane

passive

lienee -eltu

ei liene -eltu

Nominal forms

infinitives

participles

active

passive

active

passive

1st

-ella

present

-eleva

-eltava

long 1st¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-ellakseni	-ellaksemme
2nd	-ellaksesi	-ellaksenne
3rd	-ellakseen -ellaksensa

past

-ellut

-eltu

2nd

inessive²

-ellessa

-eltaessa

agent⁴

-elema

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-ellessani	-ellessamme
2nd	-ellessasi	-ellessanne
3rd	-ellessaan -ellessansa

negative

-elematon

instructive

-ellen

—

¹⁾ Used only with a possessive suffix.

²⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
³⁾ Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

⁴⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

3rd

inessive

-elemassa

—

elative

-elemasta

—

illative

-elemaan

—

adessive

-elemalla

—

abessive

-elematta

—

instructive

-eleman

-eltaman

4th³

verbal noun

-eleminen

5th¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-elemaisillani	-elemaisillamme
2nd	-elemaisillasi	-elemaisillanne
3rd	-elemaisillaan -elemaisillansa

Note that if the stem has gradation, it is (almost always) preserved.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ella

Anagrams

alle

Remove ads

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-(e)ldak. Cognates include Finnish -ella and Estonian -leda.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-elːɑ/, [-e̞ɫː]

(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-elːɑ/, [-e̞ɫːɑ]

Suffix

-ella (front vowel variant -ellä)

Used to form frequentative verbs.
‎tappaa (“to kill”) + ‎-ella → ‎tapella (“to fight”)

Conjugation

More information Conjugation of (type 12/kuulla, no gradation), Indikativa ...

Conjugation of -ella (type 12/kuulla, no gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-elen	en -ele	1st singular	oon -elt, oon -ellut	en oo -elt, en oo -ellut
2nd singular	-elet	et -ele	2nd singular	oot -elt, oot -ellut	et oo -elt, et oo -ellut
3rd singular	-eloo	ei -ele	3rd singular	ono -elt, ono -ellut	ei oo -elt, ei oo -ellut
1st plural	-elemma	emmä -ele	1st plural	oomma -elleet	emmä oo -elleet
2nd plural	-eletta	että -ele	2nd plural	ootta -elleet	että oo -elleet
3rd plural	-eloot¹⁾, -elevat²⁾, -ellaa	evät -ele, ei -ella	3rd plural	ovat -elleet	evät oo -elleet, ei oo -eltu
impersonal	-ellaa	ei -ella	impersonal	ono -eltu	ei oo -eltu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-elin	en -elt, en -ellut	1st singular	olin -elt, olin -ellut	en olt -elt, en olt -ellut
2nd singular	-elit	et -elt, et -ellut	2nd singular	olit -elt, olit -ellut	et olt -elt, et olt -ellut
3rd singular	-eli	ei -elt, ei -ellut	3rd singular	oli -elt, oli -ellut	ei olt -elt, ei olt -ellut
1st plural	-elimma	emmä -elleet	1st plural	olimma -elleet	emmä olleet -elleet
2nd plural	-elitta	että -elleet	2nd plural	olitta -elleet	että olleet -elleet
3rd plural	-eliit¹⁾, -elivat²⁾, -eltii	evät -elleet, ei -eltu	3rd plural	olivat -elleet	evät olleet -elleet, ei olt -eltu
impersonal	-eltii	ei -eltu	impersonal	oli -eltu	ei olt -eltu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-elisin	en -elis	1st singular	olisin -elt, olisin -ellut	en olis -elt, en olis -ellut
2nd singular	-elisit, -eliist¹⁾	et -elis	2nd singular	olisit -elt, olisit -ellut	et olis -elt, et olis -ellut
3rd singular	-elis	ei -elis	3rd singular	olis -elt, olis -ellut	ei olis -elt, ei olis -ellut
1st plural	-elisimma	emmä -elis	1st plural	olisimma -elleet	emmä olis -elleet
2nd plural	-elisitta	että -elis	2nd plural	olisitta -elleet	että olis -elleet
3rd plural	-elisiit¹⁾, -elisivat²⁾, -eltais	evät -elis, ei -eltais	3rd plural	olisivat -elleet	evät olis -elleet, ei olis -eltu
impersonal	-eltais	ei -eltais	impersonal	olis -eltu	ei olis -eltu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	-ele	elä -ele	2nd singular	oo -elt, oo -ellut	elä oo -elt, elä oo -ellut
3rd singular	-elkoo	elköö -elko	3rd singular	olkoo -elt, olkoo -ellut	elköö olko -elt, elköö olko -ellut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	-elkaa	elkää -elko	2nd plural	olkaa -elleet	elkää olko -elleet
3rd plural	-elkoot	elkööt -elko, elköö -eltako	3rd plural	olkoot -elleet	elkööt olko -elleet, elköö olko -eltu
impersonal	-eltakkoo	elköö -eltako	impersonal	olkoo -eltu	elköö olko -eltu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	-ellen	en -elle
2nd singular	-ellet	et -elle
3rd singular	-elloo	ei -elle
1st plural	-ellemma	emmä -elle
2nd plural	-elletta	että -elle
3rd plural	-elloot	evät -elle, ei -eltane
impersonal	-eltannoo	ei -eltane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		-ella	present	-eleva	-eltava
2nd	inessive	-ellees	past	-elt, -ellut	-eltu
2nd	instructive	-ellen	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-elkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	-elommaa
	inessive	-elomas
	elative	-elomast
	abessive	-elomata
4th	nominative	-elomiin
	partitive	-elomista, -elomist

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -ella

Remove ads

Italian

Suffix

-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -elle)

used with female nouns to form diminutives
Synonyms: -cella, -etta, -ina, -uzza

‎busta (“envelope”) + ‎-ella → ‎bustarella (“small envelope, bribe”)