sina

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sina"

Breton

Verb

sina

1. to signal

Cebuano

Verb

sina

1. to envy; to be envious

Estonian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *cinä, from Proto-Uralic *tinä.

Pronoun

sina (genitive sinu, partitive sind)

1. you (informal, sg)

Usage notes

Singular short forms of cases other than nominative, genitive and the locative cases exist, but they are considered nonstandard or dialectal. For example the short form of the singular comitative would be suga.

Declension

Declension of sina
2nd person	singular		plural
	long	short	long	short
nominative	sina	sa	teie	te
genitive	sinu	su	teie	te
partitive	sind		teid
illative	sinusse	susse		teisse
inessive	sinus	sus		teis
elative	sinust	sust		teist
allative	sinule	sulle		teile
adessive	sinul	sul		teil
ablative	sinult	sult		teilt
translative	sinuks	–	teieks	teiks
terminative	sinuni	–	teieni	–
essive	sinuna	–	teiena	–
abessive	sinuta	–	teieta	–
comitative	sinuga	suga	teiega	–

See also

Estonian personal pronouns
		singular		plural
		long	short	long	short
1st person		mina	ma	meie	me
2nd person	familiar	sina	sa	teie	te
	polite	Teie	Te
3rd person	animate	tema	ta	nemad	nad
	inanimate	see		need

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *sini. Cognate with Finnish sini.

Noun

sina (genitive sina, partitive sina)

1. blueness

Declension

Declension of sina (type elu)

	singular	plural
nominative	sina	sinad
genitive	sina	sinade
partitive	sina	sinasid
illative	sinasse	sinadesse
inessive	sinas	sinades
elative	sinast	sinadest
allative	sinale	sinadele
adessive	sinal	sinadel
ablative	sinalt	sinadelt
translative	sinaks	sinadeks
terminative	sinani	sinadeni
essive	sinana	sinadena
abessive	sinata	sinadeta
comitative	sinaga	sinadega

Franco-Provençal

Pronoun

sina

1. feminine singular of sin

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese sina (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin signa, plural of Latin signum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsinɐ]

Noun

sina f (plural sinas)

1. (archaic) sign
2. (archaic) emblem

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022), “sina”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018), “sina”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “sina”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “sina”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɪːna/
• Rhymes: -ɪːna

Etymology 1

Noun

sina f (genitive singular sinu, nominative plural sinur)

1. withered grass

Declension

Declension of sina (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sina	sinan	sinur	sinurnar
accusative	sinu	sinuna	sinur	sinurnar
dative	sinu	sinunni	sinum	sinunum
genitive	sinu	sinunnar	sina	sinanna

Derived terms

• breiðast út eins og eldur í sinu/fara eins og eldur í sinu
• sinubruni

Etymology 2

Noun

sina f

1. indefinite genitive plural of sin

Anagrams

• ansi
• asni

Kari'na

Etymology

Compare Apalaí xina, Trió ina.

Pronunciation

• (Venezuela) IPA^(key): [ʃiɲɲa]
• (Suriname) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɲa]

Noun

sina (possessed sinary)

1. flute

References

• Courtz, Hendrik (2008), A Carib grammar and dictionary‎, Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 369
• Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931), “sińarï”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 437; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes‎, Paris, 1956, page 427

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *cinä.

Pronoun

sina

1. you (singular)

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsiː.nɑ/

Pronoun

sīna

1. nominative/accusative feminine plural of sīn

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *senawō.

Alternative forms

• sin

Noun

sina f (genitive sinu)

1. cord, tendon, sinew; nerve

Declension

Declension of sina (weak ōn-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sina	sinan	sinur	sinurnar
accusative	sinu	sinuna	sinur	sinurnar
dative	sinu	sinunni	sinum	sinunum
genitive	sinu	sinunnar	sina	sinanna

Descendants

• Icelandic: sin
• Faroese: sin, sina
• Norn: sin
• Norwegian Nynorsk: sen, sene
• Norwegian Bokmål: sen, sene
• Old Swedish: sina
  • Swedish: sena
• Danish: sene
• Gutnish: sine

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

sina f (genitive sinu)

1. whithered grass

Descendants

• Icelandic: sina

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “sina”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse sina.

Noun

sina f

1. cord, tendon, sinew; nerve

Declension

Declension of sina (on-stem)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sina	sinan	sinu(r), -o(r)	sinuna(r), -ona(r)
accusative	sinu, -o	sinuna, -ona	sinu(r), -o(r)	sinuna(r), -ona(r)
dative	sinu, -o	sinunni, -onne	sinum, -om	sinumin, -omen
genitive	sinu, -o	sinunna(r), -onna(r)	sina	sinanna

Descendants

• Swedish: sena

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɕi.na/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ina
• Syllabification: si‧na

Adjective

sina

1. feminine nominative/vocative singular of siny

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin signa, from signum. Doublet of senha

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsĩ.nɐ/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsĩ.nɐ/
  • (Porto Alegre) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.na/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.nɐ/

• Hyphenation: si‧na

Noun

sina f (plural sinas)

1. destiny, fate

Samoan

Adjective

sina

1. white
2. grey (referring to hair)

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• sjȅna (Ijekavian)
• sȅna (Ekavian)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sěnь.

Noun

sina f (Cyrillic spelling сина)

1. (Chakavian, Ikavian) shadow; shade

Sidamo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsina/
• Hyphenation: si‧na

Noun

sina m (singulative sincho m, plural sinna f)

1. (collective) branches

Declension

Declension of sina (masculine)

	unmodified	modified
predicative	sina
nominative	sinu	sini
genitive	sinu*)	sini*)
dative	sinaho	sinira
accusative	sina*)
ablative	sinunni	sininni

^*) Stressed on the final vowel.

References

• Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007), A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 345
• Gizaw Shimelis, editor (2007), “sina”, in Sidaama-Amharic-English dictionary, Addis Ababa: Sidama Information and Culture department

Swahili

Verb

sina

1. first-person singular present negative of -wa na

Swedish

Alternative forms

• ſina (obsolete typography)

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

sina

1. plural of sin

Declension

Swedish personal pronouns

Number	Person		nominative	oblique	possessive
					common	neuter	plural
singular	first	—	jag	mig, mej3	min	mitt	mina
	second	—	du	dig, dej3	din	ditt	dina
	third	masculine (person)	han	honom, han2, en5	hans
		feminine (person)	hon	henne, na5	hennes
		gender-neutral (person)1	hen	hen, henom7	hens
		common (noun)	den	den	dess
		neuter (noun)	det	det	dess
		indefinite	man or en4	en	ens
		reflexive	—	sig, sej3	sin	sitt	sina
plural	first	—	vi	oss	vår, våran2	vårt, vårat2	våra
	second	—	ni	er	er, eran2, ers6	ert, erat2	era
		archaic	I	eder	eder, eders6	edert	edra
	third	—	de, dom3	dem, dom3	deras
		reflexive	—	sig, sej3	sin	sitt	sina

¹Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, though it remains limited.

²Informal

³Colloquial pronunciation spelling.

⁴Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.

⁵Informal, somewhat dialectal

⁶Formal address

⁷Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Verb

sina (present sinar, preterite sinade, supine sinat, imperative sina)

1. (of a well) to dry up; to cease containing any water
2. (of a cow or similar) to cease giving milk.
3. (by extension, of some resource) to run out

Conjugation

Conjugation of sina (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	sina		—
supine	sinat		—
imperative	sina		—
imper. plural1	sinen		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	sinar	sinade	—	—
ind. plural1	sina	sinade	—	—
subjunctive2	sine	sinade	—	—
present participle		sinande
past participle		sinad

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Anagrams

• anis, nias

Tagalog

Etymology

Compare Tausug hinda.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /siˈna/ [sɪˈn̪a]
    • Rhymes: -a
  • IPA^(key): /ˈsina/ [ˈsiː.n̪ɐ] (colloquial)
• Syllabification: si‧na

Article

siná or sina (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ)

1. (colloquial) plural direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people

   Synonym: (colloquial) sila

   Nandiyan na sina Pedro at Juan. ― Pedro and Juan are already there.

Usage notes

• 'Sina Pedro at Juan' is a more compact form of 'si Pedro at si Juan'.
• 'Sina Pedro' refers to Pedro and unspecified others.

See also

Tagalog markers

		direct (ang)	indirect (ng)	oblique (sa)
common	singular	ang	ng	sa
	plural	ang mga	ng mga	sa mga
personal	singular	si	ni	kay
	plural / polite	sina	nina	kina

Anagrams

• nais, anis, asin

Xhosa

Verb

-sína

1. to escape

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zaghawa

Noun

sina

1. nose

References

• Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad

Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *-kɪ́na.

Verb

-sîna

1. to dance (traditional)

Inflection

tone HH (infinitive ukusina)

	positive	negative
infinitive	ukusina	ukungasini
imperative
	simple	+ object concord
singular	sina	-sine
plural	sinani	-sineni
present
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyasina, ngisina	engisinayo, engisina	ngisina	angisini	engingasini	ngingasini
2nd singular	uyasina, usina	osinayo, osina	usina	awusini	ongasini	ungasini
1st plural	siyasina, sisina	esisinayo, esisina	sisina	asisini	esingasini	singasini
2nd plural	niyasina, nisina	enisinayo, enisina	nisina	anisini	eningasini	ningasini
class 1	uyasina, usina	osinayo, osina	esina	akasini	ongasini	engasini
class 2	bayasina, basina	abasinayo, abasina	besina	abasini	abangasini	bengasini
class 3	uyasina, usina	osinayo, osina	usina	awusini	ongasini	ungasini
class 4	iyasina, isina	esinayo, esina	isina	ayisini	engasini	ingasini
class 5	liyasina, lisina	elisinayo, elisina	lisina	alisini	elingasini	lingasini
class 6	ayasina, asina	asinayo, asina	esina	awasini	angasini	engasini
class 7	siyasina, sisina	esisinayo, esisina	sisina	asisini	esingasini	singasini
class 8	ziyasina, zisina	ezisinayo, ezisina	zisina	azisini	ezingasini	zingasini
class 9	iyasina, isina	esinayo, esina	isina	ayisini	engasini	ingasini
class 10	ziyasina, zisina	ezisinayo, ezisina	zisina	azisini	ezingasini	zingasini
class 11	luyasina, lusina	olusinayo, olusina	lusina	alusini	olungasini	lungasini
class 14	buyasina, busina	obusinayo, obusina	busina	abusini	obungasini	bungasini
class 15	kuyasina, kusina	okusinayo, okusina	kusina	akusini	okungasini	kungasini
class 17	kuyasina, kusina	okusinayo, okusina	kusina	akusini	okungasini	kungasini
recent past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngisinile, ngisinē	engisinile, engisinē	ngisinile, ngisinē	angisinanga	engingasinanga	ngingasinanga
2nd singular	usinile, usinē	osinile, osinē	usinile, usinē	awusinanga	ongasinanga	ungasinanga
1st plural	sisinile, sisinē	esisinile, esisinē	sisinile, sisinē	asisinanga	esingasinanga	singasinanga
2nd plural	nisinile, nisinē	enisinile, enisinē	nisinile, nisinē	anisinanga	eningasinanga	ningasinanga
class 1	usinile, usinē	osinile, osinē	esinile, esinē	akasinanga	ongasinanga	engasinanga
class 2	basinile, basinē	abasinile, abasinē	besinile, besinē	abasinanga	abangasinanga	bengasinanga
class 3	usinile, usinē	osinile, osinē	usinile, usinē	awusinanga	ongasinanga	ungasinanga
class 4	isinile, isinē	esinile, esinē	isinile, isinē	ayisinanga	engasinanga	ingasinanga
class 5	lisinile, lisinē	elisinile, elisinē	lisinile, lisinē	alisinanga	elingasinanga	lingasinanga
class 6	asinile, asinē	asinile, asinē	esinile, esinē	awasinanga	angasinanga	engasinanga
class 7	sisinile, sisinē	esisinile, esisinē	sisinile, sisinē	asisinanga	esingasinanga	singasinanga
class 8	zisinile, zisinē	ezisinile, ezisinē	zisinile, zisinē	azisinanga	ezingasinanga	zingasinanga
class 9	isinile, isinē	esinile, esinē	isinile, isinē	ayisinanga	engasinanga	ingasinanga
class 10	zisinile, zisinē	ezisinile, ezisinē	zisinile, zisinē	azisinanga	ezingasinanga	zingasinanga
class 11	lusinile, lusinē	olusinile, olusinē	lusinile, lusinē	alusinanga	olungasinanga	lungasinanga
class 14	businile, businē	obusinile, obusinē	businile, businē	abusinanga	obungasinanga	bungasinanga
class 15	kusinile, kusinē	okusinile, okusinē	kusinile, kusinē	akusinanga	okungasinanga	kungasinanga
class 17	kusinile, kusinē	okusinile, okusinē	kusinile, kusinē	akusinanga	okungasinanga	kungasinanga
remote past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngāsina	engāsina	ngāsina	angisinanga	engingasinanga	ngingasinanga
2nd singular	wāsina	owāsina	wāsina	awusinanga	ongasinanga	ungasinanga
1st plural	sāsina	esāsina	sāsina	asisinanga	esingasinanga	singasinanga
2nd plural	nāsina	enāsina	nāsina	anisinanga	eningasinanga	ningasinanga
class 1	wāsina	owāsina	āsina	akasinanga	ongasinanga	engasinanga
class 2	bāsina	abāsina	bāsina	abasinanga	abangasinanga	bengasinanga
class 3	wāsina	owāsina	wāsina	awusinanga	ongasinanga	ungasinanga
class 4	yāsina	eyāsina	yāsina	ayisinanga	engasinanga	ingasinanga
class 5	lāsina	elāsina	lāsina	alisinanga	elingasinanga	lingasinanga
class 6	āsina	āsina	āsina	awasinanga	angasinanga	engasinanga
class 7	sāsina	esāsina	sāsina	asisinanga	esingasinanga	singasinanga
class 8	zāsina	ezāsina	zāsina	azisinanga	ezingasinanga	zingasinanga
class 9	yāsina	eyāsina	yāsina	ayisinanga	engasinanga	ingasinanga
class 10	zāsina	ezāsina	zāsina	azisinanga	ezingasinanga	zingasinanga
class 11	lwāsina	olwāsina	lwāsina	alusinanga	olungasinanga	lungasinanga
class 14	bāsina	obāsina	bāsina	abusinanga	obungasinanga	bungasinanga
class 15	kwāsina	okwāsina	kwāsina	akusinanga	okungasinanga	kungasinanga
class 17	kwāsina	okwāsina	kwāsina	akusinanga	okungasinanga	kungasinanga
potential
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngingasina	—	ngingasina	ngingesine	—	ngingesine
2nd singular	ungasina	—	ungasina	ungesine	—	ungesine
1st plural	singasina	—	singasina	singesine	—	singesine
2nd plural	ningasina	—	ningasina	ningesine	—	ningesine
class 1	angasina	—	engasina	angesine	—	engesine
class 2	bangasina	—	bengasina	bangesine	—	bengesine
class 3	ungasina	—	ungasina	ungesine	—	ungesine
class 4	ingasina	—	ingasina	ingesine	—	ingesine
class 5	lingasina	—	lingasina	lingesine	—	lingesine
class 6	angasina	—	engasina	angesine	—	engesine
class 7	singasina	—	singasina	singesine	—	singesine
class 8	zingasina	—	zingasina	zingesine	—	zingesine
class 9	ingasina	—	ingasina	ingesine	—	ingesine
class 10	zingasina	—	zingasina	zingesine	—	zingesine
class 11	lungasina	—	lungasina	lungesine	—	lungesine
class 14	bungasina	—	bungasina	bungesine	—	bungesine
class 15	kungasina	—	kungasina	kungesine	—	kungesine
class 17	kungasina	—	kungasina	kungesine	—	kungesine
immediate future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngizosina	engizosina	ngizosina	angizusina	engingezusina	ngingezusina
2nd singular	uzosina	ozosina	uzosina	awuzusina	ongezusina	ungezusina
1st plural	sizosina	esizosina	sizosina	asizusina	esingezusina	singezusina
2nd plural	nizosina	enizosina	nizosina	anizusina	eningezusina	ningezusina
class 1	uzosina	ozosina	ezosina	akazusina	ongezusina	engezusina
class 2	bazosina	abazosina	bezosina	abazusina	abangezusina	bengezusina
class 3	uzosina	ozosina	uzosina	awuzusina	ongezusina	ungezusina
class 4	izosina	ezosina	izosina	ayizusina	engezusina	ingezusina
class 5	lizosina	elizosina	lizosina	alizusina	elingezusina	lingezusina
class 6	azosina	azosina	ezosina	awazusina	angezusina	engezusina
class 7	sizosina	esizosina	sizosina	asizusina	esingezusina	singezusina
class 8	zizosina	ezizosina	zizosina	azizusina	ezingezusina	zingezusina
class 9	izosina	ezosina	izosina	ayizusina	engezusina	ingezusina
class 10	zizosina	ezizosina	zizosina	azizusina	ezingezusina	zingezusina
class 11	luzosina	oluzosina	luzosina	aluzusina	olungezusina	lungezusina
class 14	buzosina	obuzosina	buzosina	abuzusina	obungezusina	bungezusina
class 15	kuzosina	okuzosina	kuzosina	akuzusina	okungezusina	kungezusina
class 17	kuzosina	okuzosina	kuzosina	akuzusina	okungezusina	kungezusina
remote future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyosina	engiyosina	ngiyosina	angiyusina	engingeyusina	ngingeyusina
2nd singular	uyosina	oyosina	uyosina	awuyusina	ongeyusina	ungeyusina
1st plural	siyosina	esiyosina	siyosina	asiyusina	esingeyusina	singeyusina
2nd plural	niyosina	eniyosina	niyosina	aniyusina	eningeyusina	ningeyusina
class 1	uyosina	oyosina	eyosina	akayusina	ongeyusina	engeyusina
class 2	bayosina	abayosina	beyosina	abayusina	abangeyusina	bengeyusina
class 3	uyosina	oyosina	uyosina	awuyusina	ongeyusina	ungeyusina
class 4	iyosina	eyosina	iyosina	ayiyusina	engeyusina	ingeyusina
class 5	liyosina	eliyosina	liyosina	aliyusina	elingeyusina	lingeyusina
class 6	ayosina	ayosina	eyosina	awayusina	angeyusina	engeyusina
class 7	siyosina	esiyosina	siyosina	asiyusina	esingeyusina	singeyusina
class 8	ziyosina	eziyosina	ziyosina	aziyusina	ezingeyusina	zingeyusina
class 9	iyosina	eyosina	iyosina	ayiyusina	engeyusina	ingeyusina
class 10	ziyosina	eziyosina	ziyosina	aziyusina	ezingeyusina	zingeyusina
class 11	luyosina	oluyosina	luyosina	aluyusina	olungeyusina	lungeyusina
class 14	buyosina	obuyosina	buyosina	abuyusina	obungeyusina	bungeyusina
class 15	kuyosina	okuyosina	kuyosina	akuyusina	okungeyusina	kungeyusina
class 17	kuyosina	okuyosina	kuyosina	akuyusina	okungeyusina	kungeyusina
present subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngisine	ngingasini
2nd singular	usine	ungasini
1st plural	sisine	singasini
2nd plural	nisine	ningasini
class 1	asine	angasini
class 2	basine	bangasini
class 3	usine	ungasini
class 4	isine	ingasini
class 5	lisine	lingasini
class 6	asine	angasini
class 7	sisine	singasini
class 8	zisine	zingasini
class 9	isine	ingasini
class 10	zisine	zingasini
class 11	lusine	lungasini
class 14	busine	bungasini
class 15	kusine	kungasini
class 17	kusine	kungasini
past subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngasina	ngangasina, angasina, angangasina
2nd singular	wasina	wangasina, awasina, awangasina
1st plural	sasina	sangasina, asasina, asangasina
2nd plural	nasina	nangasina, anasina, anangasina
class 1	wasina	wangasina, akasina, akangasina
class 2	basina	bangasina, abasina, abangasina
class 3	wasina	wangasina, awasina, awangasina
class 4	yasina	yangasina, ayasina, ayangasina
class 5	lasina	langasina, alasina, alangasina
class 6	asina	angasina, awasina, awangasina
class 7	sasina	sangasina, asasina, asangasina
class 8	zasina	zangasina, azasina, azangasina
class 9	yasina	yangasina, ayasina, ayangasina
class 10	zasina	zangasina, azasina, azangasina
class 11	lwasina	lwangasina, alwasina, alwangasina
class 14	basina	bangasina, abasina, abangasina
class 15	kwasina	kwangasina, akwasina, akwangasina
class 17	kwasina	kwangasina, akwasina, akwangasina

Derived terms

• insini
• umafikazisina
• umsini
• umsino

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *-kéna (“show teeth”).

Verb

-sina

1. to grin
2. to snarl

Inflection

tone L (infinitive ukusina)

	positive	negative
infinitive	ukusina	ukungasini
imperative
	simple	+ object concord
singular	sina	-sine
plural	sinani	-sineni
present
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyasina, ngisina	engisinayo, engisina	ngisina	angisini	engingasini	ngingasini
2nd singular	uyasina, usina	osinayo, osina	usina	awusini	ongasini	ungasini
1st plural	siyasina, sisina	esisinayo, esisina	sisina	asisini	esingasini	singasini
2nd plural	niyasina, nisina	enisinayo, enisina	nisina	anisini	eningasini	ningasini
class 1	uyasina, usina	osinayo, osina	esina	akasini	ongasini	engasini
class 2	bayasina, basina	abasinayo, abasina	besina	abasini	abangasini	bengasini
class 3	uyasina, usina	osinayo, osina	usina	awusini	ongasini	ungasini
class 4	iyasina, isina	esinayo, esina	isina	ayisini	engasini	ingasini
class 5	liyasina, lisina	elisinayo, elisina	lisina	alisini	elingasini	lingasini
class 6	ayasina, asina	asinayo, asina	esina	awasini	angasini	engasini
class 7	siyasina, sisina	esisinayo, esisina	sisina	asisini	esingasini	singasini
class 8	ziyasina, zisina	ezisinayo, ezisina	zisina	azisini	ezingasini	zingasini
class 9	iyasina, isina	esinayo, esina	isina	ayisini	engasini	ingasini
class 10	ziyasina, zisina	ezisinayo, ezisina	zisina	azisini	ezingasini	zingasini
class 11	luyasina, lusina	olusinayo, olusina	lusina	alusini	olungasini	lungasini
class 14	buyasina, busina	obusinayo, obusina	busina	abusini	obungasini	bungasini
class 15	kuyasina, kusina	okusinayo, okusina	kusina	akusini	okungasini	kungasini
class 17	kuyasina, kusina	okusinayo, okusina	kusina	akusini	okungasini	kungasini
recent past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngisinile, ngisinē	engisinile, engisinē	ngisinile, ngisinē	angisinanga	engingasinanga	ngingasinanga
2nd singular	usinile, usinē	osinile, osinē	usinile, usinē	awusinanga	ongasinanga	ungasinanga
1st plural	sisinile, sisinē	esisinile, esisinē	sisinile, sisinē	asisinanga	esingasinanga	singasinanga
2nd plural	nisinile, nisinē	enisinile, enisinē	nisinile, nisinē	anisinanga	eningasinanga	ningasinanga
class 1	usinile, usinē	osinile, osinē	esinile, esinē	akasinanga	ongasinanga	engasinanga
class 2	basinile, basinē	abasinile, abasinē	besinile, besinē	abasinanga	abangasinanga	bengasinanga
class 3	usinile, usinē	osinile, osinē	usinile, usinē	awusinanga	ongasinanga	ungasinanga
class 4	isinile, isinē	esinile, esinē	isinile, isinē	ayisinanga	engasinanga	ingasinanga
class 5	lisinile, lisinē	elisinile, elisinē	lisinile, lisinē	alisinanga	elingasinanga	lingasinanga
class 6	asinile, asinē	asinile, asinē	esinile, esinē	awasinanga	angasinanga	engasinanga
class 7	sisinile, sisinē	esisinile, esisinē	sisinile, sisinē	asisinanga	esingasinanga	singasinanga
class 8	zisinile, zisinē	ezisinile, ezisinē	zisinile, zisinē	azisinanga	ezingasinanga	zingasinanga
class 9	isinile, isinē	esinile, esinē	isinile, isinē	ayisinanga	engasinanga	ingasinanga
class 10	zisinile, zisinē	ezisinile, ezisinē	zisinile, zisinē	azisinanga	ezingasinanga	zingasinanga
class 11	lusinile, lusinē	olusinile, olusinē	lusinile, lusinē	alusinanga	olungasinanga	lungasinanga
class 14	businile, businē	obusinile, obusinē	businile, businē	abusinanga	obungasinanga	bungasinanga
class 15	kusinile, kusinē	okusinile, okusinē	kusinile, kusinē	akusinanga	okungasinanga	kungasinanga
class 17	kusinile, kusinē	okusinile, okusinē	kusinile, kusinē	akusinanga	okungasinanga	kungasinanga
remote past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngāsina	engāsina	ngāsina	angisinanga	engingasinanga	ngingasinanga
2nd singular	wāsina	owāsina	wāsina	awusinanga	ongasinanga	ungasinanga
1st plural	sāsina	esāsina	sāsina	asisinanga	esingasinanga	singasinanga
2nd plural	nāsina	enāsina	nāsina	anisinanga	eningasinanga	ningasinanga
class 1	wāsina	owāsina	āsina	akasinanga	ongasinanga	engasinanga
class 2	bāsina	abāsina	bāsina	abasinanga	abangasinanga	bengasinanga
class 3	wāsina	owāsina	wāsina	awusinanga	ongasinanga	ungasinanga
class 4	yāsina	eyāsina	yāsina	ayisinanga	engasinanga	ingasinanga
class 5	lāsina	elāsina	lāsina	alisinanga	elingasinanga	lingasinanga
class 6	āsina	āsina	āsina	awasinanga	angasinanga	engasinanga
class 7	sāsina	esāsina	sāsina	asisinanga	esingasinanga	singasinanga
class 8	zāsina	ezāsina	zāsina	azisinanga	ezingasinanga	zingasinanga
class 9	yāsina	eyāsina	yāsina	ayisinanga	engasinanga	ingasinanga
class 10	zāsina	ezāsina	zāsina	azisinanga	ezingasinanga	zingasinanga
class 11	lwāsina	olwāsina	lwāsina	alusinanga	olungasinanga	lungasinanga
class 14	bāsina	obāsina	bāsina	abusinanga	obungasinanga	bungasinanga
class 15	kwāsina	okwāsina	kwāsina	akusinanga	okungasinanga	kungasinanga
class 17	kwāsina	okwāsina	kwāsina	akusinanga	okungasinanga	kungasinanga
potential
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngingasina	—	ngingasina	ngingesine	—	ngingesine
2nd singular	ungasina	—	ungasina	ungesine	—	ungesine
1st plural	singasina	—	singasina	singesine	—	singesine
2nd plural	ningasina	—	ningasina	ningesine	—	ningesine
class 1	angasina	—	engasina	angesine	—	engesine
class 2	bangasina	—	bengasina	bangesine	—	bengesine
class 3	ungasina	—	ungasina	ungesine	—	ungesine
class 4	ingasina	—	ingasina	ingesine	—	ingesine
class 5	lingasina	—	lingasina	lingesine	—	lingesine
class 6	angasina	—	engasina	angesine	—	engesine
class 7	singasina	—	singasina	singesine	—	singesine
class 8	zingasina	—	zingasina	zingesine	—	zingesine
class 9	ingasina	—	ingasina	ingesine	—	ingesine
class 10	zingasina	—	zingasina	zingesine	—	zingesine
class 11	lungasina	—	lungasina	lungesine	—	lungesine
class 14	bungasina	—	bungasina	bungesine	—	bungesine
class 15	kungasina	—	kungasina	kungesine	—	kungesine
class 17	kungasina	—	kungasina	kungesine	—	kungesine
immediate future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngizosina	engizosina	ngizosina	angizusina	engingezusina	ngingezusina
2nd singular	uzosina	ozosina	uzosina	awuzusina	ongezusina	ungezusina
1st plural	sizosina	esizosina	sizosina	asizusina	esingezusina	singezusina
2nd plural	nizosina	enizosina	nizosina	anizusina	eningezusina	ningezusina
class 1	uzosina	ozosina	ezosina	akazusina	ongezusina	engezusina
class 2	bazosina	abazosina	bezosina	abazusina	abangezusina	bengezusina
class 3	uzosina	ozosina	uzosina	awuzusina	ongezusina	ungezusina
class 4	izosina	ezosina	izosina	ayizusina	engezusina	ingezusina
class 5	lizosina	elizosina	lizosina	alizusina	elingezusina	lingezusina
class 6	azosina	azosina	ezosina	awazusina	angezusina	engezusina
class 7	sizosina	esizosina	sizosina	asizusina	esingezusina	singezusina
class 8	zizosina	ezizosina	zizosina	azizusina	ezingezusina	zingezusina
class 9	izosina	ezosina	izosina	ayizusina	engezusina	ingezusina
class 10	zizosina	ezizosina	zizosina	azizusina	ezingezusina	zingezusina
class 11	luzosina	oluzosina	luzosina	aluzusina	olungezusina	lungezusina
class 14	buzosina	obuzosina	buzosina	abuzusina	obungezusina	bungezusina
class 15	kuzosina	okuzosina	kuzosina	akuzusina	okungezusina	kungezusina
class 17	kuzosina	okuzosina	kuzosina	akuzusina	okungezusina	kungezusina
remote future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyosina	engiyosina	ngiyosina	angiyusina	engingeyusina	ngingeyusina
2nd singular	uyosina	oyosina	uyosina	awuyusina	ongeyusina	ungeyusina
1st plural	siyosina	esiyosina	siyosina	asiyusina	esingeyusina	singeyusina
2nd plural	niyosina	eniyosina	niyosina	aniyusina	eningeyusina	ningeyusina
class 1	uyosina	oyosina	eyosina	akayusina	ongeyusina	engeyusina
class 2	bayosina	abayosina	beyosina	abayusina	abangeyusina	bengeyusina
class 3	uyosina	oyosina	uyosina	awuyusina	ongeyusina	ungeyusina
class 4	iyosina	eyosina	iyosina	ayiyusina	engeyusina	ingeyusina
class 5	liyosina	eliyosina	liyosina	aliyusina	elingeyusina	lingeyusina
class 6	ayosina	ayosina	eyosina	awayusina	angeyusina	engeyusina
class 7	siyosina	esiyosina	siyosina	asiyusina	esingeyusina	singeyusina
class 8	ziyosina	eziyosina	ziyosina	aziyusina	ezingeyusina	zingeyusina
class 9	iyosina	eyosina	iyosina	ayiyusina	engeyusina	ingeyusina
class 10	ziyosina	eziyosina	ziyosina	aziyusina	ezingeyusina	zingeyusina
class 11	luyosina	oluyosina	luyosina	aluyusina	olungeyusina	lungeyusina
class 14	buyosina	obuyosina	buyosina	abuyusina	obungeyusina	bungeyusina
class 15	kuyosina	okuyosina	kuyosina	akuyusina	okungeyusina	kungeyusina
class 17	kuyosina	okuyosina	kuyosina	akuyusina	okungeyusina	kungeyusina
present subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngisine	ngingasini
2nd singular	usine	ungasini
1st plural	sisine	singasini
2nd plural	nisine	ningasini
class 1	asine	angasini
class 2	basine	bangasini
class 3	usine	ungasini
class 4	isine	ingasini
class 5	lisine	lingasini
class 6	asine	angasini
class 7	sisine	singasini
class 8	zisine	zingasini
class 9	isine	ingasini
class 10	zisine	zingasini
class 11	lusine	lungasini
class 14	busine	bungasini
class 15	kusine	kungasini
class 17	kusine	kungasini
past subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngasina	ngangasina, angasina, angangasina
2nd singular	wasina	wangasina, awasina, awangasina
1st plural	sasina	sangasina, asasina, asangasina
2nd plural	nasina	nangasina, anasina, anangasina
class 1	wasina	wangasina, akasina, akangasina
class 2	basina	bangasina, abasina, abangasina
class 3	wasina	wangasina, awasina, awangasina
class 4	yasina	yangasina, ayasina, ayangasina
class 5	lasina	langasina, alasina, alangasina
class 6	asina	angasina, awasina, awangasina
class 7	sasina	sangasina, asasina, asangasina
class 8	zasina	zangasina, azasina, azangasina
class 9	yasina	yangasina, ayasina, ayangasina
class 10	zasina	zangasina, azasina, azangasina
class 11	lwasina	lwangasina, alwasina, alwangasina
class 14	basina	bangasina, abasina, abangasina
class 15	kwasina	kwangasina, akwasina, akwangasina
class 17	kwasina	kwangasina, akwasina, akwangasina

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “sina”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sina (3.9)”
• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “sina”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sina (6.3)”