Talaan ng mga fossil na transisyonal

Ito ay isang probisyonal na listahan ng palampas fossils (fossil na labi ng isang nilalang na nagpapakita primitive mga ugali sa paghahambing na may higit nagmula organismo na kung saan ito ay may kaugnayan). Ang fossils ay nakalista sa serye, na ipinapakita ang paglipat mula sa isang pangkat sa isa pang, na kumakatawan sa makabuluhang mga hakbang sa paglaki ng mga pangunahing tampok sa iba't-ibang linya. Madalas kumakatawan sa mga pagbabagong ito ang mga pangunahing pagbabago sa anatomya, na may kaugnayan sa paraan ng buhay, tulad ng pagbili ng mga feathered wings para sa isang panghimpapawid na lifestyle sa ibon, o binti sa isda / tetrapod transition. Tulad ng nabanggit na sa pamamagitan ng Darwin, ang fossil record ay hindi kumpleto.

Isa itong nagbabagong talaan na posibleng hindi kailanman makukumpleto mapaanuman ang pamantayan. Makakatulong po kayo sa pamamagitan ng pagdagdag sa mga nawawala o kulang na item na may mga mapagkakatiwalaang sanggunian.

Maaring isa ito sa maayos na napriserbang fossils, sa Berlin isang ispeismen ng isang sinaunang ibon na Archaeopteryx lithographica

May perpektong, listahang ito dapat lamang recursively fossil na transisyunal na kumakatawan sa mga supling na mga specie mula sa kung saan na grupo na lumaki sa ibang pagkakataon, ngunit pinaka-kung hindi lahat, ng mga fossils na ipinapakita dito ay kumakatawan sa mga sanga, higit pa o mas mababa malapit na nauugnay sa ang totoo nitong mga ninuno.

Mula sa Nautiloid Hanggang sa ammonoid

The Nautiloids → Ammonoids Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	kaugnayan	Estado	Deskrpsyon	Imahe
>500 Ma	Subclass: Nautiloidea
390 Ma	Order: Bactritida	myiembro ng mga Nautiloida. isang direktang ninuno ng mga of the ammonoida.
370 Ma	Subclass: Ammonoidea	DIrektang kamag anak ng mga Bactirida.

Cephalopods

The Cephalopod Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	kaugnayan	Estado	Deskrpsyon	Imahe
296 Ma	Uri Pohlsepia			Isang sinaunang Cephalopod na sinasabing isang Pusit.
164 Ma	Genus: Proteroctopus			Ang sinaunag uri ng pugita (octopod).
165–164 Ma	Genus: Vampyronassa			Ang matandang Uri ng Cephalopod na maaring pinag mulan ng Pusit at Mga pugita (Vampyromorphida).
89 - 71 Ma	Genus: Palaeoctopus			Isang sinanunang uri ng octopod.

Ebulusyon ng mga Insekto

The Insect Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	kaugnayan	Estado	Deskrpsyon	Imahe
400 Ma	Genus: Rhyniognatha			Pinaka matatandang insekto sa daigdig.
400 Ma	Genus: Rhyniella			Kauna-unahang uri ng springtail.
300 Ma	Genus: Archimylacris			Ninuno ng mga Ipis,tipaklong at mga Anay.
316.5 Ma	Genus: Aphthoroblattina			Sinaunang ipis.
140 Ma	Genus: Archaeolepis			Pinaka unang Lepidopteran.
92 Ma	Genus: Melittosphex			Pinakamatandang uri ng bubuyog.
80 Ma	Genus: Sphecomyrma			Pinaka matandang lahi ng Langgam.
56 - 34 Ma	Genus: Eophyllium			Unang Leaf Insect sa Talaan ng mga Fossil

Ebulusyon ng mga Gagamba

The Spider Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	kaugnayan	Estado	Deskrpsyon	Imahe
390 Ma	Genus: Attercopus			inanakalang ito ang pinaka matandang uri ng gagamba.
165 Ma	Genus Eoplectreurys			Sinasabing Ang pinakamatatandang gagamba sa uri ng haplogyne.

Mula sa mga Invertebrates Hanggang sa Isda

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The Invertebrates → Fish Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	kaugnayan	Estado	Deskrpsyon	Imahe
523 Ma	Genus: Pikaia			Mukhang Lancelet ninuno ng mga vertebrates Karakter Sinaunang notochord.
504 Ma	Uri: Conodont	Merong mga Palaypay, at hugis-chevron na mga Kalamnan at notokord.
530 Ma	Uri: Haikouichthys			Merongitong cranium, nan naging craniat.[1]
480 to 470 Ma	Genus: Arandaspis		Jawless fish	isang armadong isdang may panga, tulad sa malaking tadpole kung buhay.
422-412 Ma	Genus: Birkenia		Ang anaspid, ninuno ng mga May pangang vertebrates,[2]	An unarmored, scaly jawless fish
419 Ma	Genus: Guiyu		Sinasabing ang pinaka matandang isdang may buto.[3]

Mga Chondrichthyes

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The Chondrichthyes Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	kaugnayan	Estado	Deskrpsyon	Imahe
370 Ma	Uri: Cladoselache			Isang sinaunang Pating.
70 - 65 Ma	Genus: Dalpiazia			Sinaunang uri ng sawfish
99 – 65 Ma	Genus: Cyclobatis			Ang sinaunang Pagi.

Mabubutong Isda

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The Bony Fish Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	kaugnayan	Estado	Deskrpsyon	Imahe
420 Ma	Genus: Andreolepis			Ang pinaka matandang Actinopterygii.
??? Ma	uri: Amphistium			Isang Matandang lahi ng mgaIsdang Lapad.
48 – 37 Ma	Genus: Eobothus			Isang unang isda na masasabing kamukha ng Isdang lapad
183.7–125.0 Ma	Genus: Leptolepis			Isa sa mga unang teleost.
99 – 93 Ma	Genus: Anguillavus			Ang pinaka matandang uri ng Palos.
13 Ma	Genus: Hippocampus sarmaticus			Isa sa mga sinaunang seahorse.
13 Ma	Genus: Hippocampus slovenicus			Sinaunang seahorses.
83 - 70 Ma	Genus: Nardovelifer			Sinasabing Unang lahi ng lamprid na isda
56 - 34 Ma	Genus: Eomola			Primitibong uri ng Molidae Sun fish
58 - 55 Ma	Uri: Corydoras revelatus			Ang Pinaka matandang uri sa grupo ng mga Hito, sa pamilya ng mga Callichthyidae.
56 - 34 Ma	Genus: Ruffoichthys			Sinaunang rabbitfish.
48 - 37 Ma	Genus: Palaeoperca			Sinaunag perch
58 - 55 Ma	Uri: Trachicaranx			A primitive pomfret
48 - 40 Ma	Genus: Histionotophorus			Ang unang handfish
48 - 40 Ma	Genus: Eolactoria			Sinasabing ang sinaunang uri ng ostraciid boxfish
48 - 40 Ma	Genus: Proaracana			Pnakamatandang uri ng aracanid boxfish
48 - 40 Ma	Genus: Gazolaichthys			A Pninuno ng surgeonfish
48 - 40 Ma	Genus: Psettopsis			isang primitibong uri ng monodactylid moonyfish
48 - 40 Ma	Genus: Pasaichthys			A primitive monodactylid moonyfish
48 - 40 Ma	uri: Eozanclus			ninuno ng modernong Moorish Idol.
83 - 65 Ma	Genus: Cretatriacanthus			Ang Primitibong myembro ng Tetraodontidae
83 - 65 Ma	Uri : Nardoichthys			Ang primibong uri ng Perciforme
58 - 55 Ma	Genus: Protozeus			Ang primitibong myembro ng Zeidae
58 - 55 Ma	Genus: Archaeozeus			Sinaunang Zeidae
??? Ma	Uri' Cooyoo			A primitive member of the Ichthyodectidae
65 Ma	Genus: Protriacanthus			A primitive tetraodontid

Mula sa Isda Hanggang sa tetrapods

The Fish → Tetrapods Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	kaugnayan	Estado	Deskrpsyon	Imahe
416-359 Ma	Genus: Osteolepis	isang sinaunang miyembro ng uring Tetrapodomorpha, Ang piscine ay naging tetrapods o Osteolepis ay ang ninuno ng mga mga tetrapods at lungfish.[4]	Fish	isang maliit at may katamtamang sukat na isdasng sarcopterygian na may butas ng ilong at palaypay na may mabubutong pangangatawan.[4]
385 Ma	Genus: Eusthenopteron	Belonging to the family Tristichopteridae, a family that form a sister group to Panderichthys and the tetrapods.[4]	Though not on the evolutionary path to tetrapods, Eusthenopteron is of fairly general build and is very well known, serving as an iconic model organism in tetrapod evolution.[5]	A medium sized, mainly pelagic fish, Eusthenopteron mainly use the pectoral and pelvic fins for navigation, and the tail for propulsion.[5] The fin was of diphycercal, foreshadowing the straightening of the spine and the evolution of a contiguous fin in fish like Panderichthys
380 Ma	Genus: Panderichthys	Very close to the origin of tetrapods, a "fishapod" elpistostegalian.[4]	Fish	A large, predatory shallow water fish. As common in shallow water fish, the pectoral and pelvic fins were flexible and paddle-like for propulsion.[6] The dorsal and anal fins are lost, the tail fin contiguous.[7] The spiracles were short and wide, indication large amount of oxygen were taken up by the lungs rather than through the gills.[8]
375 Ma	Genus: Tiktaalik	A "fishapod" more tetrapod-like than Panderichthys.[4]	A fish, transitional between fish and the early, fish-like labyrinthodonts.[9][10]	"Fish" with stout, fleshy pectoral fins with a joint between the innermost and the two next bony elements, corresponding to the elbow in higher tetrapods. The cleithrum bone was free of the skull, functioning as anchoring for the pectoral fins, and at the same time allowing for movement of the neck.[10][11]
368 Ma	Genus: Elginerpeton	Analysis of the cranial material shows it was more advanced than Tiktaalik, and together with Obruchevichthys form a sister group to the higher tetrapods.[12]	A fairly fragmentary find, Elginerpeton straddles the fish/tetrapod divide with a mosaic of features resembling Panderichthys, Ichthyostega and Hynerpeton.[12] Probably one of the "fishapods".[13]	Though fragmentary, the find includes a shoulder blade (Cleitrum bone) as well as elements of the limbs, which shows it had comparable limbs Ichthyostega and Hynerpeton, indicating feet rather than fins.
365 Ma	Genus: Ventastega	Known only from fragmentary remains, mostly a lower jaw, Ventastega is morphologically midway between Tiktaalik and Acanthostega/Ichthyostega.[14]	Possibly oldest animal to have feet rather than fins.[14]	A large, dorso-ventrally flattened predatory fish with a well armoured labyrinthodont-like skull. While the fins themselves has not been found, the shoulder girdle is essentially similar to that of Acanthostega, indicating it too had feet rather than fins.[14]
365 Ma	Genus: Acanthostega		Together with Ichthyostega the sole early labyrinthodont known from fairly complete skeletons. It is the oldest animal known to have feet rather than fins, thus making it a true tetrapod and the oldest known unquestionable ichthyostegalian.[15]	First known animal with toes rather than fins. The feet were broad and paddle-like, adapted for movement in water.[16] It retained functional gills in adulthood, behind a fleshy operculum.
365 Ma	Genus: Ichthyostega	Fairly closely related to Acanthostega. It possibly represent an early (and ultimately unsuccessful) line adapted to moving on land by inchworm-like movements.	Together with Acanthostega the sole early labyrinthodont known from fairly complete skeletons.	Early labyrinthodont with polydactylous, paddle-like feet and reinforced vertebrae and neural spines. It probably spent time on land, yet retained gills and a tail with fin rayes.
360 Ma	Genus: Hynerpeton	While known only from fragmentary remains, it is more advanced than Ichthyostega.	Early labyrinthodont amphibian	A large, basically salamander-like creature. The shoulder girdle was powerful, indicating it was a competent walker.[17]
??? Ma	Genus: Tulerpeton		An advanced ichthyostegalian, it straddle the divide between the fish-like Devonian forms and the more advanced Carboniferous amphibians. It has been suggested it is an early reptil-like amphibian.[18]	A large animal with paddle-like six-toed feet. It did however not have gills in adulthood, and is thus the oldest labyrinthodont known to depend entirely on breathing with its lungs.[19]
359 - 345 Ma	Genus: Pederpes	Hailing from the fossil-poor Romer's Gap, Pederpes may be ancestral to the higher labyrinthodonts.	Intermediate between the earlier Ichthyostegalian and the later, more advanced labyrinthodonts.	Despite an extra toe on the forelimbs, Pederpes had limbs that terminated in feet adapted primarely for walking rather than paddles for combined swimming and walking like the earlier groups.[20]
295 Ma	Genus: Eryops	The Temnospondyli are derived paleozoic amphibians, possibly ancestral to modern amphibians	A "classical" temnospondyl, an advanced labyrinthodont group.	One of the best known labyrinthodonts, Eryops combines the large, flat skull and short limbs typical of the group.

The Labyrinthodontia → Lissamphibia Evolutionary Series
Appearance	Taxa	Relationships	Status	Description	Image
290 Ma	Genus: Gerobatrachus	Colloquially referred to as a "frogamander" due to this taxon being both chronologically and morphologically basal to both anurans and salamanders	One of the first transitional fossils towards modern amphibians (Lissamphibia).[21]	Primitive traits Backbone with intermediate characteristics Retains a fully developed tail Derived traits Bears a large space for a tympanic ear Ankle bones are fused together like in salamanders Lightly built wide skull as in frogs[21]
250 Ma	Genus: Triadobatrachus	Intermediate between generalized amphibians and derived frogs	Early "almost frog" transitional amphibian	Primitive traits Possessed short limbs and therefore was unable to hop, unlike all extant anurans Retains fourteen vertebra unlike modern frogs who have four to nine vertebra Tibia and fibula are not fused into a tibiofibula Derived traits Skull resembles that of modern anuran skull with a latticework of thin bones in skull
190 Ma	Genus: Prosalirus	Another transitional form which could be properly classified as a frog	An intermediate form which may replace Triadobatrachus as the "ultimate" ancestor of anurans	Primitive traits Still possess relatively short limbs Derived traits Tail is greatly reduced Does not have greatly enlarged legs, but shows some adaptations for hopping, such as a three-pronged pelvis
213-188 Ma	Genus: Vieraella	A derived fossil frog completing the series of transitional fossils between early amphibians and modern anurans	The oldest "true" frog[22]	Primitive traits Retains ten presacral vertebra Derived traits Hind legs are adapted for hopping
210 Ma	Genus: Eocaecilia	Intermediate between basal amphibians and caecilians	An early caecilian	Primitive traits Bears three-toed vestigial limbs The size of the orbits indicates well developed eyes and suggest a non-subterranean lifestyle Derived traits The body has been adapted to a sort of serpentine shape

Mula sa mga Amphibians hanggang sa mga amniotes (unang lahi ng mga reptilya)

The Amphibians → Reptiles Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	Kaugnayan	Estado	Diskripsyon	Imahe
326 - 318 Ma	Genus: Proterogyrinus	One of the early reptile-like amphibians	Amphibian	A large, somewhat lizard-like labyrinthodont with a deep skull, laterally placed eyes and five digits to each foot.
??? Ma	Genus: Limnoscelis	The order Diadectomorpha is the sister group of the amniotes.	The Limnoscelis was originally described as a "cotylosaur" (early reptiles) together with the other diadectomorphans. Today the large-bodied diadectomorphs are thought to have had a larval stage, falling close to, but just outside the amphibian/reptile divide.	A large, predatory reptile-like amphibian. The limbs are extremely heavily built, indicating it fed on slow moving prey.
??? Ma	Genus: Tseajaia	Uncertain phylogeny, possibly a Seymouriamorph or Diadectomorph[23][24]	Amphibian	A medium sized, probably herbivorious animal
350 Ma	Genus: Westlothiana	Uncertain phylogenetic position. Westlothiana may be a small-bodied diadectopmorph, falling just outside the amphibian/reptile divide	Originally described as the first reptile, it is now considered an advanced reptile-like amphibian.	Small, probably insectovorious animal. The body and tail was long, the limbs small, somewhat like a modern skink.
320-305 Ma	Genus: Solenodonsaurus	Possibly allied to the Diadectomorpha, or belonging to a sister group to Diadectomorpha and Amniota[25]	Likely an amphibian[25]	Smallish, likely carnivorious.[26]
340 Ma	Genus: Casineria	The fragmentary nature of the fossil (it lacks a cranium) makes an exact phylogenetic position hard to establish.	Possibly the first animal with an amniote egg, and thus the first reptile.	Small lizard-like animal, the first known tetrapod to possess claws, indicating it has reptilian type skin with scutes.[27]
315 Ma	Genus: Hylonomus	One of several small, basal reptile genera	Reptile	An early anapsid reptile, considered to be ancestral to both the synapsid and sauropsid lines, and thus the oldest representative of the crown group amniotes.
312 - 304 Ma	Genus: Paleothyris	One of several small, basal reptile genera	Reptile (most likely a sauropsid)	An early anapsid reptile. In phylogenetic analysis it falls on the sauropsid side, it is thus likely a progenitor of the diapsids

Pinag mulan ng mga Pagong at mga Pawikan

The Turtle Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	Relasyon	Estado	Diskripsyon	Imahe
220 Ma	Genus: Odontochelys			Pinaka matandang uri ng Pagong.
210 Ma	Uri: Proganochelys
164 Ma	Uri: Eileanchelys			Isang Tulay ng Ebolusyon sa pagitan ng mga pagong at mga sea turtles.

Mula sa mga Butiki hanggang sa mga Ahas

The Lizard → Snake Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	Relasyon	Estado	Diskripsyon	Imahe
92 Ma	Uri: Eupodophis			Isang uri ng Butiki na nasa anyong ahas na mula sa Panahong Cretaceous , Ito ay may apat na mga paa , (Marahil nagagamit o Marring ding hindi ang mga ito) .[28]
90 Ma	Uri: Najash			Isang uri ng Sinaunang ahas na may dalwang paa.

Uri ng mga Butiki

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The Lizard Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	Relasyon	Estado	Diskripsyon	Imahe
61 - 58 Ma	Genus: Anqingosaurus			Isa sa mga nakitang kauna-unahang chameleon.
92 Ma	Genus: Dallasaurus			isang uri ng mosasauroid mula s Upper Cretaceous ng Hilanagng Amerika.
71 - 82 Ma	Genus: Palaeosaniwa			Isa sa mga matandang uri ng Varanoidea.
146–100 Ma	Genus: Gangiguana			isang sinaunang uri ng iguanid
97–100 Ma	Genus: Cretaceogekko			Pinaka matandang uri ng tuko

Ang Pterosaura

Rhamphorhynchoidea → Pterodactyloidea Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	Relasyon	Estado	Diskripsyon	Imahe
160 Ma	Uri: Darwinopterus			Basal to both rhamphorhynchoids and pterodactyloids
160 Ma	Genus Pterorhynchus [29][30]

Ebulusyon ng mga Archosaura hanggang sa dinosaura

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The Archosauria → Dinosauria Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	Relasyon	Estado	Diskripsyon	Imahe
??? Ma	Genus: Proterosuchus			Ang Pinaka matandang uri ng archosaur, Ang Proterosuchus ay isa sa mga pinakamalaking reptilya lupa sa panahon ng Maagang Triassic, tungkol sa laki ng sa ngayon Komodo dragon s. Ito ay tumingin medyo buwaya, may nababagsak binti, mahaba ang panga, malakas na kalamnan at isang mahabang buntot. Ang isang natatanging proterosuchus kaugalian ay ang kakaiba hugis .
??? Ma	Genus: Marasuchus
??? Ma	Genus: Asilisaurus		Ang pinakaMatandang hayop sa uri ng dinosauro at terosor, magmula pa sa 245,000,000 taon na ang nakakaraan[31]	A small, lightly built animal. It had a fairly long neck (contrary to the short necked relatives of crocodiles), but ran on all four legs.
??? Ma	Genus: Spondylosoma		Nadiskubre lamang sa hwa-hiwalay na fossil ang Spondylosoma ay maaring isang naunang lahi o magiging dinosaur.[32] It has however also been classified as a rauisuchian.[33]
228 Ma	Genus: Eoraptor		Ang kauna-unahang masasabing isangsauropod.[34][35][36]	isang mallit (na umaabo lamang sa 1 metro, ~ 10 kg) na kayang lumalakad sa dalawang paa at may matatalim na mga ngipin at mabilis din tumak bo at may matatalas na mga kuko.

Dinosauria

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The Dinosauria Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	Relasyon	Estado	Diskripsyon	Imahe
228 to 216.5 Ma	Genus: Pisanosaurus			Pinaka matandang uri ng ornithischian.
216–200 Ma	Genus: Thecodontosaurus			Ang sinaunang uri ng sauropodomorph bago naging ganap na dinosaur.
??? Ma	Genus: Huayangosaurus			Ang pinaka matandang nakita na lahi ng stegosaur.
??? Ma	Genus: Stenopelix			isang pachycephalosaur mula sa Barremian panahon ng Cretaceous.
160 Ma	Genus: Yinlong			isang uri ng ceratopsian mula sa Huling panahon ng Jurasik a Asya Sentral.
160 Ma	Genus: Guanlong			isang lahi ng proceratosaurid at tyrannosauroid , isa sa pinaka matandang halimbawa ng dinosaur.
126 Ma	Genus: Falcarius			Ang snaunang uri ng mga therizinosaur
208–194 Ma	Genus: Scelidosaurus			Isa sa mga sinaunang uri ng thyreophorans.
130–125 Ma	Genus: Probactrosaurus			Maaring ninuno ng mga dinosaur na may tuka na parang sa itik.
??? Ma	Genus: Pelecanimimus			Isang sinaunang uri ng ornithomimosaur.

Mula sa Dinosaur hanggang sa mga ibon

Karagdagang impormasyon: Origin of birds

Karagdagang impormasyon: Evolution of birds

The Dinosaurs → birds Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	Relasyon	Estado	Diskripsyon	Imahe
152-151 Ma	Genus: Juravenator			Primitive traits Undifferentiated hind digits displaying no specialties for climbing Spine attaches to the back end of the skull rather than the base Moderately long, bony tail Derived traits Basic proto-feathers cover parts of the body for insulation
168-152 Ma	Genus: Pedopenna			The find is represented only by a hind leg, but one that is very bird-like. It belonged to a small maniraptoran dinosaur with long, pennaceous feathers on its hind legs and (in all likelihood) arms.
161-151 Ma	Genus: Anchiornis	Basal troodontid	Although once classified as a bird, Anchiornis is now considered a basal troodontid which bears pennaceous, symmetrical feathers on all four limbs.	Primitive traits Wings symmetrical and rounded, probably not used for flight but instead insulation, mating displays, and gliding Long legs overall morphology similar to that of other troodontids Spine attaches to the back end of the skull rather than the base Moderately long, bony tail Derived traits Flexible wrists which are more similar to aves than other theropods Like birds and unlike troodontids, Anchiornis had arms nearly the same length as the hind legs Bore primary and secondary pennaceous symmetrical wings on both arms, legs, toes, and wrist
150–145 Ma	Genus: Archaeopteryx	Known for its mosaic of avian and theropod characteristics Archaeopteryx is both the first primitive bird in the fossil record and one of the first transitional fossils discovered.	Traditionally seen as the first proper bird, though it is not directly ancestral to modern birds.[37] An excellent intermediate form between dinosaurs and birds. Capable of gliding, but lacking alula and keel, it could likely not sustain powered flight.	Primitive traits Slower dinosaur-like growth rate No keel Spine attaches to the back end of the skull rather than the base Forelimbs have three unfused, clawed fingers, no alula Maxilla and premaxilla bore unserrated teeth Moderately long, bony tail Derived traits Fully developed asymmetrical flight feathers Fused furcula from two joined clavicles Backward and elongated pubis similar to maniraptors, but not found in more primitive theropods
120 Ma	Genus: Confuciusornis	Found in the famous Liaoning province Confuciusornis is the first primitive bird with a pygostyle.	With its short tail and toothless beak, Confuciusornis is very modern looking compared to Archaeopteryx. The toothless beak is however a case of convergent evolution, as more advanced birds retained teeth, illustration the sometimes confusing mosaic evolution of the dinosaur-bird transition.	Primitive traits Retained unfused clawed digits, no alula Sideways-facing glenoid joint Derived traits Short tail with fused vertebrae at the end (pygostyle) Larger sternum with a low primitive keel Unlike other early birds Confuciusornis had a toothless beak
115 Ma	Genus: Eoalulavis	Primitive bird and possibly a descendant of "urvogels" like Archaeopteryx. First bird to possess an alula.		Plesiomophic traits Two unfused, functional digits remain on second and third digit Derived traits First digit bearing an alula rather than claw
93.5-75 Ma	Genus: Ichthyornis	Considered a close relative to the ancestor to modern birds	A flying bird found in several epochs in the late Cretaceous which still bore teeth, but in most respects very similar to Neornithes.	Primitive traits Numerous sharp teeth in much of the beak Derived traits Fused bones (metacarpals) II & III of the hand Rigid ribcage with a well-developed carina No functional claws on the hand Short childhood with distinct adult stage.[38]

Ebolusyon ng Mga Ibon

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The Bird Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	Relasyon	Estado	Diskripsyon	Imahe
60-58 Ma	Uri: Waimanu			Ang Kauna unahang uri ng Penguin.
??? Ma	Genus: Elornis			Akuna unahang uri ng flamingo.
??? Ma	Genus: Colymboides			Ang kauna unahang gaviiform.
55-48 Ma	Genus: Mopsitta			Ang kauna unahangpsittacine.
??? Ma	Genus: Masillaraptor			Isang Ang kauna unahang uri ng falconiform.
50 Ma	Genus: Primapus			Ang kauna unahang uri ng apodiform.

Ang mga Synapsid (Reptilya na naging myebro ng Mamalya)

The Synapsids → Mammals Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	Relasyon	Estado	Deiskripsyon	Imahe
??? Ma	Genus: Protoclepsydrops		Kilala sa pagkaka hiwa-hiwalay na pag kakadiskubre ang mga Protoclepsydrops Maaring sila ang mga unang synapsid (Sa pagitan ng mamalya at mga Reptilya)	isang mabagal at mukhang butiking nilalang na may katamtamang sukat.
306 Ma	Genus: Archaeothyris		The oldest undisputed synapsid (mammal-like reptile)	Primitbong Anyo Isang Palapad at mukhang butiki. Typically reptilian sprawling gait Generally lizard-like proportions with a dorso-ventrally flattened body Pagbabago Temporal opening low on the side of the skull roof, between the zygomatic bone and the elements above. Tendency to enlarged forward teeth on the maxilla
297 Ma	Genus: Haptodus	A primitive member of the Sphenacodontidae, or possibly just outside the group.[39][40]	A pelycosaur-grade synapsid	Derived traits Two or three moderately large canine-like teeth about a third down the maxilla.[41] Dentary bone the largest element of the lower jaw[40] The skull deeper than in Archaeothyris
265 Ma	Genus: Dimetrodon	An advanced member of the family Sphenacodontidae, from which the therapsids (advanced synapsids) evolved	A pelycosaur-grade synapsid. At up to 4 meters, Dimetrodon was one of the largest animals of its time. The distinct sail of the back makes it the most recognized synapsid known	Primitive traits Cold blooded metabolism dependent of external heat source (hence the "sail")[42] Sprawling gait No secondary palate No enlarged side teeth in the lower jaw Derived traits Distinctly elongated 2nd and 3rd tooth on the maxilla, corresponding to the canine in mammals. The first canine generally longer than the second.[43] Skull deep and narrow Body overall deeper than in earlier forms
267 Ma	Genus: Biarmosuchus		Ang sinaunang therapsid. na kasing laki nga isang Aso, Ang Biarmosuchus ay isang magaan na hayop na kkayang kumain ng isang rin na hayop na kasinglai ng isang Agila.[44]	Primitive traits No respiratory turbinates indicate limited overall oxygen consumption and hence bradymetaboliic metabolism[45] Sprawling legs, but the legs longer and more slender than in pelycosaurs[44] Long pelycosaur-like tail Derived traits A single canine as the first tooth on the maxilla, all other maxillary teeth small Tendency for an enlarged caninelike tooth on the dentary Internal nostrils covered by a partial fleshy palate[46] Enlarged temporal opening giving more powerful bite
248-245 Ma	Genus: Thrinaxodon	A small bodied relative of the larger Cynognathus.	Am advanced cynodont, just on the reptilian side of the reptile/mammal divide	Primitive traits While the dentary dominated the lower jaw, the hinge was between the articulare and quadrate.[47] Continuous change of teeth throughout life, with no occlusion. Likely no fur, but may have had whiskers Derived traits Well developed respiratory turbinates and palate, indicating homeothermy Generally mammal-like dentition. Mammal-like ecology: Burrowing and small size Animals of different sizes found together, indicating post-hatching parental care.
205 Ma	Genus: Morganucodon		Isang Sinaunang Mamalya
125 Ma	Genus: Yanoconodon		Isang Sinaunang mammalya.

Ebolusyon ng Uring mammalya

The Mammal Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	Relasyon	Estado	Diskripsyon	Imahe
100–104 Ma	Genus: Kollikodon			Sinaunang uri ng monotreme.
125 Ma	Genus: Sinodelphys			Ang Pinaka matandang uri ng metatherian na nakita.
?? Ma	Genus: Djarthia			Ang kauna-unahang lahi ng marsupial (umaakyat o nakatira sa Puno).
164-165 Ma	Genus: Juramaia			Isa sa matandang uri ng eutherian[48]
63-50 Ma	Genus: Eritherium			Kauna-unahang lahi ng proboscidean.
60-55 Ma	Genus: Miacis			Posibleng ninuno ng mga hayop / mamalya na nasa hanay ng Carnivora.
15.97–11.61 Ma	Genus: Heteroprox			Kauna-unahang uri ng Alamid.
20-18 Ma	Genus: Eotragus			Matandang uri ng bovid.
45-40 Ma	Genus: Protylopus			Ang pinaka matandang uri kamely na nakita, at ang pinaka maliit.
??? Ma	Genus: Hyrachyus			Hinihinalang ang ninuno ng mga modernong uri ng tapir at mga rhinoceros.
55.4—48.6 Ma	Genus: Heptodon			Isa din sa pinag hihinalaang ninuno ng mga tapir.
38—33.9 Ma	Genus: Hesperocyon			Isang matandang lahi ng canid.
??? Ma	Genus: Eurymylus			ang matandang uri ng lagomorph na nakita.
52.5 Ma	Genus: Onychonycteris			Isa sa pinaka matatdang ninuno ng mga monospecific na nasa lahi ng mga paniki.
2 Ma	Species: Ailuropoda microta			ang isa sa mga Pinaka matandang miyembro ng Higanteng Panda.
63 - 61.7Ma	Genus: Purgatorius			Pinaniniwalaang ang isa sa kauna-unahang uri ng primate (Lahi ng unggoy) o isang proto-primate, na isang 'primatomorph na ninuno ng mga Plesiadapiformes.
12.5-8.5 Ma	Genus: Sivapithecus			MIto ay isang sinaunang lahi ng unggoy na maihahalintulad sa mga Urangutan.
16 - 8 Ma	Genus: Kenyapotamus		Isa sa maaring ninuno ng lahinghippopotamid (Hipoptamus).
?? Ma	Genus: Eomanis			Ito ang masasbing Kauna-unahang uri ng totoong may kaliskis pangolin.

Mual sa uring artiodactyla hanggang sa pagiging balyena (Ebolusyon ng mga Balyena)

The whale Evolutionary Series
Appearance	Taxa	Relationships	Status	Description	Image
55.8 ± 0.2 - 33.9 ± 0.1 Ma	Genus: Pakicetus
50 Ma	Genus: Ambulocetus
46 Ma	Genus: Kutchicetus
47 Ma	Genus: Artiocetus
41-33 Ma	Genus: Dorudon
25 Ma	Genus: Aetiocetus
40-34 Ma	Genus: Basilosaurus
8-15 Ma	Genus: Eurhinodelphis
26 Ma	Genus: Mammalodon

Ebolusyon ng lahi ng mga Sirenia

The Sirenia Evolutionary Series
Paglitaw	Taxa	Relasyon	Estado	Diskripsyon	Imaghe
50 Ma	Genus: Pezosiren			Isang sinaunang sirenia.
40 Ma	Genus: Prorastomus
??? Ma	Genus: Protosiren
48.6–33.9 Ma	Genus: Eotheroides			Ang ninuno ng mga Sinaunang sirenia hanggang sa lahi ng sirenian na nakatira sa katubigan
??? Ma	Genus: Halitherium

Ebolusyon ng mga pinnipedo

The Pinniped Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	Relasyon	estado	Diskripsyon	Imahe
21 to 24 Ma	Genus: Puijila			Ang sinasabing sinaunang uri ng pinnipedo.
??? Ma	Genus: Potamotherium			A very basal pinniped.
24-22 Ma	Genus: Enaliarctos			Ang sinaunang lahi ng seal, ngunit mas primitibo pa ang ulo at mga paa nito.

Ebolusyon of ng mga Kabayo

The Hyracotherium → Equus Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	Kaugnayan	Status	Diskripsyon	Imahe
60-45 Ma	Genus: Hyracotherium
40-30 Ma	Genus: Mesohippus
20 Ma	Genus: Parahippus
17-11 Ma	Genus: Merychippus
12 Ma	Genus: Pliohippus
1.8-0 Ma	Genus: Equus

Ebolusyon ng Sangkatauhan

Karagdagang impormasyon: Timeline of human evolution

The Human Evolutionary Series
Pag litaw	Taxa	Kaugnay	Estado	Diskripsyon	Imahe
36-32 Ma	Genus Apidium	Ang sinaunang ninuno ng mga unggoy ayon sa mga rekord sa fossil , na itinatayang nabuhay bago mahati sa dalawang uri ang mga unggoy.	Basal to both Old and New world monkeys.	Primitive traits Smaller canines than later monkeys such as Parapithecus Retains some post-cranial characters seen in prosimians Derived traits Fused mandibular symphysis Scapula similar to modern squirrel monkeys Low rounded molar cusps rather than high cusps as is seen in tarsiers and strepsirrhine
33 Ma	Genus Aegyptopithecus	A Miocene monkey which bridges the gap between the Eocene ancestors of Old world monkeys and Miocene ancestor of Hominoidea.	Tentatively positioned transitional form prior to the Old world monkey/ape split.	Primitive traits Retained auditory features similar to Old world monkeys Incapable of true brachiation unlike extant apes Reduced capitular tail, but was proportionally smaller than Apidium Derived traits Ape-like teeth including broad, flat incisors and sexually dimorphic canines A low sagittal keel and strong temporalis muscles Increased size in the visual cortex
27-14 Ma	Genus Proconsul	This primate exhibits very ape-like features like its teeth, but much of its post-cranial remains are more similar to monkeys.	Universally accepted to be intermediate between 'ape-like monkeys' such as Aegyptopithecus and later apes including hominids.	Primitive traits Monkey-like wrist Narrow, monkey-like illium Derived traits Completely lacked a fully formed tail 5-Y pattern on lower molar cusps as also seen in hominoids
13 Ma	Genus: Pierolapithecus	A European ape which is considered to be the predecessor of the great apes.	Some objections have been raised to this fossils status due to its location in Spain, but Pierolapithecus is likely a transitional taxon between generalized apes and the lineage which led to great apes.	Pleisomorphic traits Relatively short fingers and walked in a similar quadrupedal fashion like baboons Lacks adaptations for both gibbon-style brachaition as well as derived knuckle-walking like in chimpanzee's and gorilla's Derived traits Flat, wider rib cage like great apes for tree-climbing The clavicle is large and similar to modern chimps suggesting a dorsally positioned scapula
4.4 Ma	Genus: Ardipithecus	Ang isang gubat hominid inangkop sa hayop na may apat na paa nabubuhay sa mga kahoy lokomosyon, ngunit din para sa bipedalism.	Intermediate sa pagitan ng huling mga karaniwang ninuno ng chimps at mga kawani na tao, at ang australopithecines.	'Primitive mga ugali' Talino na mas maliit kaysa sa ibang pagkakataon hominids mula sa tungkol sa 300-350 cc Paa thumb ay hindi binawi sa paanan bilang isang 'malaking daliri' Phalanges ay mas mabigat kaysa sa hindi tuwid sa Australopithecus 'Nagmula mga ugali' Nabawasang laki sa canines, gayunpaman mananatili pa rin dimorphic characte
4.4-2.0 Ma	Genus: Australopithecus	Unang kilala genus ng ganap na may dalawang paa apes na kung saan ay marahil minamana sa matatag australopithecus at ang genus homo.	Intermediate sa pagitan ng patay may apat na paa at may dalawang paa apes. Habang ang relasyon sa pagitan ng ilang mga species ay nire-revise, Australopithecus afarensis ay itinuturing na, sa pamamagitan ng karamihan ng mga eksperto, ang ninuno sa lahat mamaya hominids.	Primitibong hitsura Some species retain a sagittal crest kurbada pa ang phalanges, palatandaan na tumitira sa itaas ng mga puno. Semisectorial premolar is present Prognathic face to varying degrees Pagbabago Fully bipedal as indicated by many features including the knee joint, hips, lumbar curve in the spine, position of the foramen magnum, and feet lumaki ang sukat ng utak nito ng mga 375-500 cc nag babago din ang hitsura ng panga.
2.3-1.4 Ma	Species: Homo habilis	Ang isang maagang pantao kung saan ay ang morphological link sa pagitan ng [[australopithecines at mamaya pantao species.	Perpekto intermediate sa pagitan ng maagang hominids at mamaya mga kawani na tao, marahil ay minamana sa mga modernong tao.	Primitibong hitsura Pronounced brow ridge Hindi pa sila nakakatayo ng tuwid tulad sa modernong mga tao, gumagamit parin ng kamay para sa pag lalakad. kahit na bahagyang lummit ang hitsura ng mukha, medyo malaki parin ang mgipin ng mga ito. Derived traits lumaki din ang sukat ng utak nito ng mga 510-800 cc. hindi pa akma ang hitsura ng mga ito sa modernong mga tao. Maaring nakakapag salita na ang mga ito? Sila ang mga gumagamit ng mga kasangkapang bato.
2.0-1.0 Ma	Species: Homo erectus	Sila ang pinaka matagumpay na lahi na kung saan ang mga Modernong tao at mga neanderthals. Hinihilalang sila din ang mga unang tao na kumalat at nag tayo ng mga grupo ng pamayanan sa Aprika?	Sila ang ninuno ng mga Modernong tao at neanderthals.	Primitibong Hitsura Still retains a heavy brow ridge and nuchal torus Hindi parin sila nakakapag salita tulad sa modernong mga tao. Makakapal pa ang mga buto, at malalaki pa ang mga ngipin para sa modernong tao. Pag babago Mas bilog na ang utak nito, (mga 900-1100 cc) kay sa H. habilis Face is orthognathic compared to H. habilis hinihilalang sila din ay nakakapag grupo sa twing silay nagagaso. Hinihilalang ang lahing ito ang aksidenteng naka diskubre ng Apoy at nakakagamit na din sila ng mga kasangkapan.
500 Ka-recent	Species Homo rhodesiensis	Homo rhodesiensis ay ang agarang ninuno ng modernong mga tao kung saan talaga displaced ang neanderthal s sa Europa at ng isla mga 'hobbit' ng timog-silangan Asya. H. rhodesiensis umunlad mula sa Homo erectus tungkol sa kalahati ng isang milyong taon na ang nakaraan ngunit pa rin Pinapanatili ang ilang mga primitive na mga katangian tulad ng medyo makapal na buto at molars mas malaki kaysa sa modernong tao.	Minamana sa mga modernong tao.	Mga Primitibong hitsura Malaki pa ang mga ngipin Heavy brow ridge Extremely robust build in most groups Pagbabago Rounder, less broad based cranium Malaki na ang utak, Nakakapag isip na katulad sa modernong mga tao.