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2C-P
Pharmaceutical compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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2C-P, also known as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenethylamine, is a relatively potent and long-acting psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family.
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Use and effects
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In his book PiHKAL, Shulgin listed 2C-P's dose range as 6 to 10 mg and wrote that while most reports with doses between 6 and 12 mg were favorable, "there was one report of an experience in which a single dosage of 16 mg was clearly an overdose, with the entire experiment labeled a physical disaster, not to be repeated."[1] He cautioned readers regarding dosing with 2C-P by commenting that "a consistent observation is that there may not be too much latitude in dosage between that which would be modest, or adequate, and that which would be excessive. The need for individual titration would be most important with this compound."[1] 2C-P is one of the most potent compounds in the 2C family of psychedelics, rivaled only by 2C-TFM. A wider dosage range of 1 to 16 mg or more, with a dose estimate of 7 mg, has also been reported.[2]
2C-P produces intense hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic effects including open-eye visuals and closed-eye visuals.[1] It can have a very slow onset taken orally, and peak effects reportedly do not occur for 3 to 5 hours.[1] The peak lasts for 5 to 10 hours, with the overall duration of the experience lasting up to 20 hours.[1]
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Overdoses and deaths
Unknown (or unreported) dosages taken by teenagers at a Connecticut, US concert in September 2013 caused seven people to require emergency medical help including CPR and defibrillation to resuscitate some of them, with all seven being taken to a hospital and four of those being hospitalized until at least the next day.[3] It was reported that none of the overdose victims died[4] while CNN's "OutFront" blog claimed the police called it a "mass casualty event"[5] blaming the problems on 2C-P and drugs apparently being sold as "Molly", a common name for MDMA.
Louella Fletcher-Michie, the daughter of actor John Michie, died from a 2C-P overdose in September 2017 at the Bestival festival in Dorset, UK, the first reported death from 2C-P.[6] Her boyfriend was found guilty of manslaughter, for giving her the drug and failing to act to help her for over six hours after she overdosed. His conviction for failing to act was quashed in August 2020.[7]
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Interactions
2C drugs like 2C-P are known to be metabolized by the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes MAO-A and MAO-B.[8][9] Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as phenelzine, tranylcypromine, moclobemide, and selegiline may potentiate the effects of 2C drugs like 2C-P.[8][9][10] This may result in overdose and serious toxicity.[10][8]
Pharmacology
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2C-P acts as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors.[12] It also binds to the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor with about 14-fold lower affinity than for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.[12] The drug shows little or no affinity for the monoamine transporters (MATs) and shows very weak or negligible monoamine reuptake inhibition.[12][14] It shows high affinity for the rat trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and lower but still high affinity for the mouse TAAR1.[12]
In contrast to many other psychedelics, 2C-P, as well as 2C-C and certain 2C NBOMe analogues, has shown reinforcing effects in rodents.[15][14] It produces dose-dependent conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice and self-administration in rats.[15][14] These findings suggest that 2C-P may have misuse potential.[15][14] The mechanism by which these effects are produced is unknown.[14] However, 2C-P was found to decrease dopamine transporter (DAT) expression and to increase DAT phosphorylation in the nucleus accumbens similarly to methamphetamine in rodents.[15][14] Decreased DAT expression may result in reduced dopamine reuptake, while DAT phosphorylation is associated with dopamine reverse transport and efflux, in turn increasing extracellular dopamine levels.[15][14]
2C-P has also been found to produce neurotoxicity at high doses in rodents, which appears to be mediated via neuroinflammation.[14]
The drug only weakly inhibits the monoamine oxidases.[16]
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Chemistry
2C-P is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-n-propylphenethylamine. The full name of the chemical is 2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenyl)ethanamine. The hydrochloride salt is the most common form, normally found as a white powder,[17][unreliable source?] or white crystals.[1]
Alexander Shulgin's 2C-P crude freebase (soluble in chloroform), after "removal of the solvent under vacuum," was an off-white colored oil which he distilled at 100–110 °C at 40 Pa (0.3 mmHg) (turning it "water white" in color), and it "spontaneously crystallized" upon cooling.
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History
2C-P was first described in the scientific literature by at least 1991.[1]
Society and culture
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Legal status
2C-P is not scheduled by the United Nations' Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
Canada
As of October 31, 2016; 2C-P is a controlled substance (Schedule III) in Canada.[18]
China
As of October 2015 2C-P is a controlled substance in China.[19]
Denmark
In Denmark, 2C-P has been added to the list of Schedule B controlled substances.[20]
Finland
Scheduled in "government decree on psychoactive substances banned from the consumer market".[21]
Germany
2C-P is an Anlage I controlled drug.
Sweden
The Riksdag added 2C-P to Narcotic Drugs Punishments Act under swedish schedule I ("substances, plant materials and fungi which normally do not have medical use" ) as of August 16, 2016, published by Medical Products Agency (MPA) in regulation HSLF-FS 2016:80 listed as 2,5-dimetoxi-4-propylfenetylamin.[22]
United Kingdom
2C-P is a Class A drug in the UK.[23]
United States
2C-P was placed into Schedule I (with the DEA Drug Code of 7524) making it illegal to possess, distribute and/or manufacture without a license in the United States by an act of the US Congress on July 9, 2012 when US President Barack Obama signed the Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 2012 (SDAPA).[24] The law came into effect on January 4, 2013.[25]
Popular culture
In the first episode of the CBS fictional TV drama series Battle Creek, a local police detective is tasked with solving a double murder where an assisting FBI agent claims the victims were operating a clandestine laboratory manufacturing 2C-P.
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See also
References
External links
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