List of endangered languages in Russia

An endangered language is a language that is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. A language may be endangered in one area but show signs of revitalisation in another, as with the Irish language.

Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Extinct (EX)	(lists)
Endangered
Critically Endangered (CR) Severely Endangered (SE) Definitely Endangered (DE) Vulnerable (VU)	(list) (list) (list) (list)
Safe
Safe (NE)	no list
Other categories
Revived (RE) Constructed (CL)	(list) (list)
Related topics Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger Endangered Languages Project Ethnologue Unclassified language List of languages by total number of speakers
UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories
v t e

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization defines five levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct":^[1]

• Vulnerable – "most children speak the language, but it may be restricted to certain domains (e.g. home)"
• Definitely endangered – "children no longer learn the language as mother tongue in the home"
• Severely endangered – "language is spoken by grandparents and older generations; while the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves"
• Critically endangered – "the youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently"
• Extinct – "there are no speakers left; included in the Atlas if presumably extinct since the 1950s"

The list below includes the findings from the third edition of Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010; formerly the Red Book of Endangered Languages), as well as the online edition of the aforementioned publication, both published by UNESCO.^[2]

Russian Federation

Language	Status	Nations	ISO 639-3
Abaza language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia, Turkey	abq
Abkhaz language[1]	Vulnerable	Georgia, Russia, Turkey	abk
Adyghe language (West Circassian)[1]	Definitely endangered	Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Macedonia, Russia, Syria, Turkey	ady
Agul language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	agx
Akhvakh language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	akv
Alabugat Tatar language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Aleut language (Western, Commander Islands)[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	ale
Alutor language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	alu
Andi language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	ani
Archi language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	aqc
Avar language[1]	Vulnerable	Russia	ava
Bagvalal language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	kva
Baraba Tatar language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Bashkir language[1]	Vulnerable	Russia	bak
Belarusian language[1]	Vulnerable	Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine	bel
Bezhta language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	kap
Bohtan Neo-Aramaic language[1]	Severely endangered	Georgia, Russia	bhn
Botlikh language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	bph
Buryat language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	bua
Central Selkup language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Central Siberian Yupik language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	ess
Chamalal language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	cji
Chechen language[1]	Vulnerable	Russia	che
Chelkan language[3]	Severely endangered	Russia
Chukchi language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	ckt
Chulym language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	clw
Chuvash language[1]	Vulnerable	Russia	chv
Dargwa language[1]	Vulnerable	Russia	dar
Dolgan language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	dlg
Eastern Khanty language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Eastern Mansi language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Eastern Mari language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Erzya language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	myv
Even language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	eve
Evenki language[1]	Severely endangered	China, Russia	evn
Forest Enets language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Forest Nenets language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Forest Yukagir language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	yux
Godoberi language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	gdo
Hinukh language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	gin
Homshetsi dialect[1]	Severely endangered	Georgia, Russia
Hunzib language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	huz
Ingrian language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	izh
Ingush language[1]	Vulnerable	Russia	inh
Itelmen language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	itl
Judeo-Tat[1]	Definitely endangered	Azerbaijan, Israel, Russia	jdt
Kabardian[1]	Vulnerable	Russia, Turkey	kbd
Kalmyk language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	xal
Karachay-Balkar language[1]	Vulnerable	Russia	krc
Karata language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	kpt
Karelian language[1]	Definitely endangered	Finland, Russia	krl
Ket language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	ket
Khakas language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	kjh
Khamnigan Mongol language[1]	Definitely endangered	China, Mongolia, Russia	ykh
Khwarshi language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	khv
Kildin Saami language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	sjd
Kilen language[1]	Critically endangered	China, Russia
Kili language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Komi language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	kpv
Koryak language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	kpy
Kumandin language[4]	Critically endangered	Russia
Kumyk language[1]	Vulnerable	Russia	kum
Lak language[1]	Vulnerable	Russia	lbe
Latgalian language[1]	Vulnerable	Latvia, Russia	ltg
Lezgian language[1]	Vulnerable	Azerbaijan, Russia	lez
Low Saxon language[1]	Vulnerable	Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Russia	nds
Ludic language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	lud
Moksha language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	mdf
Nanai language[1]	Severely endangered	China, Russia	gld
Naukan Yupik language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Negidal language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	neg
Nganasan language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	nio
Nivkh language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	niv
Nogai language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	nog
Northern Sámi[1]	Definitely endangered	Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden	sme
Northern Altai language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	atv
Northern Khanty language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Northern Mansi language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Northern Selkup language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Olonetsian language[1]	Definitely endangered	Finland, Russia	olo
Oroch language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	oac
Orok language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	oaa
Ossetian language[1]	Vulnerable	Georgia, Russia	oss
Pontic Greek language[1]	Definitely endangered	Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine	pnt
Romani language[1]	Definitely endangered	Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rom
Rutul language[1]	Definitely endangered	Azerbaijan, Russia	rut
Seto dialect	Definitely endangered	Estonia, Russia
Shor language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	cjs
Siberian Tatar language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	sty
Skolt Saami language[1]	Severely endangered	Finland, Norway, Russia	sms
Southern Altai language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	alt
Southern Selkup language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Soyot language[5]	Extinct, partly revitalized	Russia
Tabasaran language[1]	Vulnerable	Russia	tab
Taz dialect[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Teleut language[6]	Critically endangered	Russia
Ter Saami language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	sjt
Tindi language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	tin
Tofa language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	kim
Türkpen[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia, Turkmenistan
Tsakhur language[1]	Definitely endangered	Azerbaijan, Russia	tkr
Tsez language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	ddo
Tundra Enets language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Tundra Nenets language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Tundra Yukagir language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	ykg
Tuvan language[1]	Vulnerable	China, Mongolia, Russia	tyv
Udege language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	ude
Udmurt language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	udm
Ulch language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	ulc
Urum language[1]	Definitely endangered	Georgia, Russia, Ukraine	uum
Veps language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	vep
Võro language[1]	Definitely endangered	Estonia, Russia
Votic language[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	vot
Western Mari language[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	mrj
Yakut language[1]	Vulnerable	Russia	sah
Yiddish language (Europe)[1]	Definitely endangered	Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Yurt Tatar language[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	nog

See also

• List of endangered languages in Europe
• List of endangered languages in Asia
• List of endangered languages in Africa