List of endangered languages in Russia

An endangered language is a language that is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. A language may be endangered in one area but show signs of revitalisation in another, as with the Irish language.

Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Extinct (EX)	(lists)
Endangered
Critically Endangered (CR) Severely Endangered (SE) Definitely Endangered (DE) Vulnerable (VU)	(list) (list) (list) (list)
Safe
Safe (NE)	no list
Other categories
Revived (RE) Constructed (CL)	(list) (list)
Related topics Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger Endangered Languages Project Ethnologue Unclassified language List of languages by total number of speakers
UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories
v t e

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization defines five levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct":^[1]

• Vulnerable – "most children speak the language, but it may be restricted to certain domains (e.g. home)"
• Definitely endangered – "children no longer learn the language as mother tongue in the home"
• Severely endangered – "language is spoken by grandparents and older generations; while the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves"
• Critically endangered – "the youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently"
• Extinct – "there are no speakers left; included in the Atlas if presumably extinct since the 1950s"

The list below includes the findings from the third edition of Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010; formerly the Red Book of Endangered Languages), as well as the online edition of the aforementioned publication, both published by UNESCO.^[2]

Russian Federation

Language	Status	Language Family	Nations	ISO 639-3
Abaza language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northwest Caucasian	Russia, Turkey	abq
Abkhaz language[1]	Vulnerable	Northwest Caucasian	Georgia, Russia, Turkey	abk
Adyghe language (West Circassian)[1]	Definitely endangered	Northwest Caucasian	Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Macedonia, Russia, Syria, Turkey	ady
Agul language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic)	Azerbaijan, Russia	agx
Akhvakh language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Andic)	Azerbaijan, Russia	akv
Aleut language (Western, Commander Islands)[1]	Critically endangered	Eskaleut (Aleut)	Russia, United States	ale
Alutor language[1]	Severely endangered	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Russia	alu
Andi language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Andic)	Russia	ani
Archi language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic)	Russia	aqc
Avar language[1]	Vulnerable	Northeast Caucasian (Avar)	Azerbaijan, Russia	ava
Bagvalal language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Andic)	Russia	kva
Baraba Tatar dialect[1]	Severely endangered	Turkic (Kipchak)	Russia
Bashkir language[1]	Vulnerable	Turkic (Kipchak)	Russia	bak
Belarusian language[1]	Vulnerable	Indo-European (East Slavic)	Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine	bel
Bezhta language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Tsezic)	Russia	kap
Bohtan Neo-Aramaic dialect[1]	Severely endangered	Afro-Asiatic (Semitic)	Georgia, Russia	bhn
Botlikh language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Andic)	Russia	bph
Buryat language[1]	Severely endangered	Mongolic	China, Mongolia, Russia	bua
Central Selkup language[1]	Critically endangered	Uralic (Samoyedic)	Russia
Central Siberian Yupik language[1]	Severely endangered	Eskaleut	Russia, United States	ess
Chamalal language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Andic)	Russia	cji
Chechen language[1]	Vulnerable	Northeast Caucasian	Russia	che
Chelkan language[3]	Severely endangered	Turkic (Siberian Turkic)	Russia
Chukchi language[1]	Severely endangered	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Russia	ckt
Chulym language[1]	Critically endangered	Turkic (Siberian Turkic)	Russia	clw
Chuvash language[1]	Vulnerable	Turkic	Russia	chv
Dargwa language[1]	Vulnerable	Northeast Caucasian (Dargin)	Russia	dar
Dolgan language[1]	Definitely endangered	Turkic (Siberian Turkic)	Russia	dlg
Eastern Khanty language[1]	Definitely endangered	Uralic	Russia
Eastern Mansi language[1]	Critically endangered	Uralic	Russia
Eastern Mari language[1]	Definitely endangered	Uralic (Mari)	Russia	mhr
Erzya language[1]	Definitely endangered	Uralic (Mordvinic)	Russia	myv
Even language[1]	Severely endangered	Tungusic (Northern)	Russia	eve
Evenki language[1]	Severely endangered	Tungusic (Northern)	China, Russia	evn
Forest Enets language[1]	Critically endangered	Uralic (Samoyedic)	Russia	enf
Forest Nenets language[1]	Severely endangered	Uralic (Samoyedic)	Russia
Forest Yukagir language[1]	Critically endangered	Yukaghir	Russia	yux
Godoberi language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Andic)	Russia	gdo
Hinukh language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Tsezic)	Russia	gin
Homshetsi dialect[1]	Severely endangered	Indo-European (Armenian)	Armenia, Georgia, Russia, Turkey
Hunzib language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Tsezic)	Georgia, Russia	huz
Ingrian language[1]	Severely endangered	Uralic (Finnic)	Russia	izh
Ingush language[1]	Vulnerable	Northeast Caucasian (Nakh)	Russia	inh
Itelmen language[1]	Critically endangered	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Russia	itl
Judeo-Tat[1]	Definitely endangered	Indo-European (Indo-Iranian)	Azerbaijan, Israel, Russia	jdt
Kabardian[1]	Vulnerable	Northwest Caucasian (Circassian)	Jordan, Russia, Syria, Turkey	kbd
Kalmyk language[1]	Definitely endangered	Mongolic	Russia	xal
Karachay-Balkar language[1]	Vulnerable	Turkic (Kipchak)	Russia	krc
Karata language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Andic)	Russia	kpt
Karelian language[1]	Definitely endangered	Uralic (Finnic)	Finland, Russia	krl
Ket language[1]	Severely endangered	Yeniseian	Russia	ket
Khakas language[1]	Definitely endangered	Turkic (Siberian Turkic)	Russia	kjh
Khamnigan Mongol language[1]	Definitely endangered	Mongolic	China, Mongolia, Russia	ykh
Khwarshi language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Tsezic)	Russia	khv
Kildin Saami language[1]	Severely endangered	Uralic (Sámi)	Russia	sjd
Kili language[1]	Severely endangered	Tungusic (Northern?)	Russia
Komi language[1]	Definitely endangered	Uralic (Permic)	Russia	kpv
Koryak language[1]	Severely endangered	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Russia	kpy
Kumandin language[4]	Critically endangered	Turkic (Siberian Turkic)	Russia
Kumyk language[1]	Vulnerable	Turkic (Kipchak)	Russia	kum
Lak language[1]	Vulnerable	Northeast Caucasian	Russia	lbe
Latgalian language[1]	Vulnerable	Indo-European (Baltic)	Latvia, Russia	ltg
Lezgian language[1]	Vulnerable	Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic)	Azerbaijan, Russia	lez
Ludic language[1]	Severely endangered	Uralic (Finnic)	Russia	lud
Moksha language[1]	Definitely endangered	Uralic (Mordvinic)	Russia	mdf
Nanai language[1]	Severely endangered	Tungusic (Southern)	China, Russia	gld
Naukan Yupik language[1]	Critically endangered	Eskaleut	Russia	ynk
Negidal language[1]	Critically endangered	Tungusic (Northern)	Russia	neg
Nganasan language[1]	Severely endangered	Uralic (Samoyedic)	Russia	nio
Nivkh language[1]	Severely endangered	Isolate	Russia	niv
Nogai language[1]	Definitely endangered	Turkic (Kipchak)	Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan	nog
Northern Sámi[1]	Definitely endangered	Uralic (Sámi)	Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden	sme
Northern Altai language[1]	Severely endangered	Turkic (Siberian Turkic)	Russia	atv
Northern Khanty language[1]	Definitely endangered	Uralic	Russia
Northern Mansi language[1]	Severely endangered	Uralic	Russia
Northern Selkup language[1]	Severely endangered	Uralic (Samoyedic)	Russia
Olonetsian language[1]	Definitely endangered	Uralic (Finnic)	Finland, Russia	olo
Oroch language[1]	Critically endangered	Tungusic (Northern)	Russia	oac
Orok language[1]	Critically endangered	Tungusic (Southern)	Japan, Russia	oaa
Ossetian language[1]	Vulnerable	Indo-European (Indo-Iranian)	Georgia, Russia	oss
Pontic Greek language[1]	Definitely endangered	Indo-European (Hellenic)	Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine	pnt
Romani language[1]	Definitely endangered	Indo-European (Indo-Aryan)	Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rom
Rutul language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic)	Azerbaijan, Russia	rut
Seto dialect	Definitely endangered	Uralic (Finnic)	Estonia, Russia
Shor language[1]	Severely endangered	Turkic (Siberian Turkic)	Russia	cjs
Siberian Tatar language[1]	Definitely endangered	Turkic (Kipchak)	Russia	sty
Skolt Sámi language[1]	Severely endangered	Uralic (Sámi)	Finland, Russia	sms
Southern Altai language[1]	Definitely endangered	Turkic (Kipchak)	Russia	alt
Southern Selkup language[1]	Critically endangered	Uralic (Samoyedic)	Russia
Soyot language[5]	Extinct, partly revitalized	Turkic (Siberian Turkic)	Mongolia, Russia
Tabasaran language[1]	Vulnerable	Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic)	Russia	tab
Taz dialect[1]	Severely endangered	Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic)	Russia
Teleut language[6]	Critically endangered	Turkic (Kipchak)	Russia
Ter Sámi language[1]	Critically endangered	Uralic (Sámi)	Russia	sjt
Tindi language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Andic)	Russia	tin
Tofa language[1]	Critically endangered	Turkic (Siberian Turkic)	Russia	kim
Türkpen[1]	Definitely endangered	Turkic (Oghuz)	Russia
Tsakhur language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic)	Azerbaijan, Russia	tkr
Tsez language[1]	Definitely endangered	Northeast Caucasian (Tsezic)	Russia	ddo
Tundra Enets language[1]	Critically endangered	Uralic (Samoyedic)	Russia	enh
Tundra Nenets language[1]	Definitely endangered	Uralic (Samoyedic)	Russia
Tundra Yukagir language[1]	Critically endangered	Yukaghir	Russia	ykg
Tuvan language[1]	Vulnerable	Turkic	China, Mongolia, Russia	tyv
Udege language[1]	Critically endangered	Tungusic (Northern)	Russia	ude
Udmurt language[1]	Definitely endangered	Uralic (Permic)	Russia	udm
Ulch language[1]	Critically endangered	Tungusic	Russia	ulc
Veps language[1]	Severely endangered	Uralic (Finnic)	Russia	vep
Votic language[1]	Critically endangered	Uralic (Finnic)	Russia	vot
Western Mari language[1]	Severely endangered	Uralic	Russia	mrj
Yakut language[1]	Vulnerable	Turkic (Siberian Turkic)	Russia	sah
Yiddish language (Europe)[1]	Definitely endangered	Indo-European (Germanic)	Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd

See also

• List of endangered languages in Europe
• List of endangered languages in Asia
• List of endangered languages in Africa