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仙
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 仚
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Translingual
Han character
仙 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人山 (OU), four-corner 22270, composition ⿰亻山)
Derived characters
- 𣳈, 苮, 𥬍, 𬏣
Related characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 92, character 13
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 374
- Dae Jaweon: page 196, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 114, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4ED9
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sen): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 山 (OC *sreːn, “mountain”) — a person moving into a mountain to practise becoming immortal.
Originally 僊. The current form is first attested in the clerical script of the Han dynasty.
Etymology 1
A relatively late word, perhaps Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan གཤེན (gshen, “shaman”), as in Tibetan གཤེན་རབ (gshen rab, “Shenrab”), the founder of the Tibetan religion Bon, although this might be a loan from Chinese (ibid.).
Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s[ă]n (“a kind of demon”), comparing it to Tibetan བསེན་མོ (bsen mo, “female devil”) and Jingpho sawn (“malignant female nat”). Note also, along similar lines, Burmese စုန်း (cun:, “witch”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xian1
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): xiǎn
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): xiàn
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sin1
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): sin1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhen1
- Gan (Wiktionary): xien1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xie1
- Northern Min (KCR): síng
- Eastern Min (BUC): siĕng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing1 / seng1
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): slin1
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sienn1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiān
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sian
- Wade–Giles: hsien1
- Yale: syān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xian1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xian
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: xiǎn
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiã²¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: xiàn
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): xian1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiã³¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: sin1
- Yale: sīn
- Cantonese Pinyin: sin1
- Guangdong Romanization: xin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːn⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: sin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sin²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬen³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xien1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɛn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siên
- Hakka Romanization System: xienˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xian1
- Sinological IPA: /si̯en²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: síng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sieŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sing1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sing
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiŋ⁵³³/
- (Putian, Jiangkou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: seng1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬɛŋ⁵³³/
- (Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: seng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬe̞ŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: seng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Youyang)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: seng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /θɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
Note:
- sing1 - vernacular (mainly used in 仙遊);
- seng1 - literary.
- siêng1 - Chaozhou;
- siang1 - Shantou.
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: sjen
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]a[r]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sen/
Definitions
仙
- (Taoism) xian (an immortal; celestial being)
- (figurative) extraordinary person
- (agent affix, chiefly Southern Min, honorific) expert; a title for a person with a specific expertise
- 相命仙 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― siòng-miā-sian [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― fortuneteller
- (agent affix, chiefly Southern Min, ironic) person with some specific hobby or addiction
- 筊仙 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― kiáu-sian [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― gambler
- a euphemism for the deceased
- 仙逝 ― xiānshì ― to pass away
- (Southern Min) Classifier for deity, idol, statue, doll. alternative form of 身 (sian)
- (Southern Min) (with negative) whatsoever, any way
- 仙講都毋聽／仙讲都毋听 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― sian kóng to m̄ thiaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― won't listen (to you) no matter what you say
- a surname
Descendants
Others:
- → Thai: เซียน (siian) (via Hokkien)
Compounds
- 七仙女
- 上仙
- 世仙
- 九天仙女
- 乩仙
- 人間仙境 / 人间仙境
- 仙丹 (xiāndān)
- 仙人 (xiānrén, “sage”)
- 仙人拳
- 仙人掌 (xiānrénzhǎng)
- 仙人擔 / 仙人担 (xiānréndàn)
- 仙人放屁
- 仙人渡 (Xiānréndù)
- 仙人跳 (xiānréntiào)
- 仙仗
- 仙公
- 仙公廟 / 仙公庙 (xiāngōngmiào)
- 仙劍 / 仙剑 (“paladin”)
- 仙后座 (Xiānhòuzuò)
- 仙域
- 仙境 (xiānjìng, “wonderland”)
- 仙壇 / 仙坛
- 仙女 (xiānnǚ, “female sage”)
- 仙女山 (Xiānnǚshān)
- 仙女座 (Xiānnǚzuò)
- 仙女廟 / 仙女庙
- 仙姑 (xiāngū)
- 仙姿
- 仙姿玉色
- 仙子 (xiānzǐ)
- 仙官
- 仙客
- 仙居 (xiānjū)
- 仙履奇缘
- 仙山瓊閣 / 仙山琼阁 (xiānshānqiónggé)
- 仙巴掌 (Min Nan)
- 仙府
- 仙度瑞拉
- 仙才
- 仙拚仙 (Min Nan)
- 仙方 (xiānfāng)
- 仙曹
- 仙木
- 仙果
- 仙桃 (xiāntáo, “Peaches of Immortality”)
- 仙樂 / 仙乐 (xiānyuè)
- 仙樹 / 仙树
- 仙機 / 仙机
- 仙氣 / 仙气
- 仙法
- 仙洞
- 仙海
- 仙源
- 仙燈 / 仙灯 (xiāndēng)
- 仙王座 (Xiānwángzuò)
- 仙班
- 仙界 (xiānjiè)
- 仙真
- 仙童
- 仙童仙女
- 仙筆 / 仙笔
- 仙籍
- 仙經 / 仙经
- 仙茅 (xiānmáo)
- 仙草 (xiāncǎo)
- 仙草蜜
- 仙蒂瑞拉
- 仙藥 / 仙药
- 仙術 / 仙术 (xiānshù)
- 仙貝 / 仙贝 (xiānbèi)
- 仙逝 (xiānshì)
- 仙遊 / 仙游 (xiānyóu)
- 仙郎
- 仙鄉 / 仙乡 (xiānxiāng)
- 仙都唔仙
- 仙霞嶺 / 仙霞岭
- 仙露明珠
- 仙顏 / 仙颜
- 仙風道骨 / 仙风道骨
- 仙館 / 仙馆
- 仙骨 (xiāngǔ)
- 仙鶴 / 仙鹤 (xiānhè)
- 仙鶴草 / 仙鹤草 (xiānhècǎo)
- 仙鼠
- 修仙 (xiūxiān)
- 做仙 (Min Nan)
- 假仙 (Min Nan)
- 八仙 (bāxiān)
- 八仙山
- 八仙桌 (bāxiānzhuō)
- 八仙花 (bāxiānhuā)
- 八仙過海 / 八仙过海 (bāxiānguòhǎi)
- 六仙桌
- 凌波仙子
- 列仙
- 劍仙 / 剑仙
- 半仙
- 半仙戲 / 半仙戏
- 南極仙翁 / 南极仙翁
- 和合二仙
- 四仙桌
- 地理仙 (Min Nan)
- 坡仙
- 大仙 (dàxiān)
- 大仙爺 / 大仙爷
- 大細仙 / 大细仙 (Min Nan)
- 大羅神仙 / 大罗神仙
- 天仙 (tiānxiān)
- 天仙聖母 / 天仙圣母
- 妃祿仙女 / 妃禄仙女
- 學仔仙 / 学仔仙 (Min Nan)
- 廣寒仙子 / 广寒仙子
- 張仙 / 张仙
- 得道成仙
- 懵仙 (Min Nan)
- 成仙 (chéngxiān, “becoming immortal”)
- 扮仙 (Min Nan)
- 攀仙桂
- 散仙 (Min Nan)
- 昇仙 / 升仙 (shēngxiān)
- 梅仙
- 歌仔仙 (Min Nan)
- 水仙 (shuǐxiān)
- 洞仙 (dòngxiān)
- 活神仙
- 游仙窟
- 焦三仙
- 狐仙 (húxiān)
- 王祿仔仙 / 王禄仔仙 (Min Nan)
- 玉天仙
- 甲仙 (Jiǎxiān)
- 癮仙 / 瘾仙 (Min Nan)
- 登仙 (dēngxiān)
- 盜仙草 / 盗仙草
- 看命仙 (Min Nan)
- 睡仙
- 碟仙
- 神仙 (shénxiān)
- 神仙中人 (shénxiānzhōngrén)
- 神仙思想
- 神仙眷屬 / 神仙眷属
- 神仙魚 / 神仙鱼
- 秋水仙素 (qiūshuǐxiānsù)
- 筊仙 (Min Nan)
- 箕仙
- 綠野仙蹤 / 绿野仙踪
- 練仙 / 练仙 (Min Nan)
- 美國仙丹 / 美国仙丹 (Min Nan)
- 羽化登仙
- 肉飛仙 / 肉飞仙
- 臭屁仙 (Min Nan)
- 英仙座 (Yīngxiānzuò)
- 莆仙 (Pú-Xiān)
- 莆仙戲 / 莆仙戏 (púxiānxì)
- 葛仙米
- 葛仙翁
- 蓋仙 / 盖仙
- 蓬瀛仙境
- 蓬萊仙境 / 蓬莱仙境
- 蓬萊仙島 / 蓬莱仙岛 (Pénglái Xiāndǎo)
- 虎膦仙 (Min Nan)
- 詩仙 / 诗仙 (shīxiān)
- 話仙 / 话仙 (Min Nan)
- 請仙 / 请仙
- 諞仙 / 谝仙 (Min Nan)
- 謫仙 / 谪仙
- 赤腳大仙 / 赤脚大仙
- 赤跤仙仔 (Min Nan)
- 走街仔仙 (Min Nan)
- 遊仙 / 游仙
- 遊仙枕 / 游仙枕
- 遊仙詩 / 游仙诗
- 道骨仙風 / 道骨仙风
- 酒中仙
- 酒仙 (jiǔxiān)
- 酒八仙人
- 閒仙仙 / 闲仙仙 (Min Nan)
- 阿仙藥 / 阿仙药 (āxiānyào)
- 陸地神仙 / 陆地神仙
- 雞犬皆仙 / 鸡犬皆仙
- 雲仙雜記 / 云仙杂记
- 風水仙 / 风水仙 (Min Nan)
- 飄若神仙 / 飘若神仙
- 飄飄欲仙 / 飘飘欲仙 (piāopiāoyùxiān)
- 飛仙 / 飞仙
- 鳳仙子 / 凤仙子
- 鳳仙花 / 凤仙花 (fèngxiānhuā)
- 鴉片仙 / 鸦片仙 (Min Nan)
- 麻衣仙翁
See also
- 真人 (zhēnrén)
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiān
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sian
- Wade–Giles: hsien1
- Yale: syān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: sin1
- Yale: sīn
- Cantonese Pinyin: sin1
- Guangdong Romanization: xin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhen2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬen⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sián
- Tâi-lô: sián
- Phofsit Daibuun: siern
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /siɛn⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sian
- Tâi-lô: sian
- Phofsit Daibuun: siefn
- IPA (Philippines): /siɛn³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Definitions
仙
- (Cantonese, Southern Min, Malaysian and Singapore Mandarin) cent (Classifier: 個／个 c)
Synonyms
Compounds
See also
Etymology 3
From clipping of English senior.
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: sin1
- Yale: sīn
- Cantonese Pinyin: sin1
- Guangdong Romanization: xin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
Definitions
仙 (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang)
Derived terms
- 仙制
- 仙氣 / 仙气
- 大仙 (daai6 sin1)
References
- “仙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “仙”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 213.
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