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卯
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
卯 (Kangxi radical 26, 卩+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹尸中 (HHSL), four-corner 77720, composition ⿰𠂎卩)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 159, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2847
- Dae Jaweon: page 363, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 311, character 5
- Unihan data for U+536F
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Chinese
Glyph origin
The character represents a pair of knives to butcher animals. The original meaning is preserved in 劉 (OC *m·ru). An old and conservative variant is 戼.
This character was found in oracle bone scripts depicting a sacrifice (a human or animal body) that is cut in half. This kind of practice mainly happened in Shang dynasty and was gradually eliminated after Zhou's conquest of Shang, leading to obscurity of the character's original meaning.
According to Shuowen Jiezi, it is an open door, like 門/𨳇 (mén) but reversed; however, Xu Shen's interpretations are not based on oracle bones and bronzes. Another similar folk etymology links the character to the mortise in woodworking.
Etymology
Derived from root 流 (OC *r(j)u) with volitional or agentive OC prefix *m- (see Sagart, 1999); so *m-ruu means "(cause to flow >) pour out, empty" > *m-ruuʔ 卯 "pouring or emptying stage" i.e. "waning moon", "with the word in its sacrificial applications meaning 'to blood-let'" (Smith, 2011).
Association with the rabbit was probably arbitrary, just as how 辰 (chén) was arbitrarily associated with the dragon (see Ferlus, 2013).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): maau5
- Gan (Wiktionary): mau3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): māu
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bao3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6mau
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: mǎo
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mǎo
- Wade–Giles: mao3
- Yale: mǎu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mao
- Palladius: мао (mao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: maau5
- Yale: máauh
- Cantonese Pinyin: maau5
- Guangdong Romanization: mao5
- Sinological IPA (key): /maːu̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: mau3
- Sinological IPA (key): /mau²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mâu
- Hakka Romanization System: mauˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: mau1
- Sinological IPA: /mau̯²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: mauˋ
- Sinological IPA: /mau⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: māu
- Sinological IPA (key): /mau³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bao3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bâu
- Sinological IPA (key): /pau⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bao3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pau³³²/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: maewX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤruʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mruːʔ/
Definitions
卯
- fourth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
- rabbit (兔) of Chinese zodiac
- period from 5-7 a.m.
- early morning
- mortise
Coordinate terms
Compounds
References
- “卯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “卯”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 29.
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “卯”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 152.
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “卯”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 177.
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Japanese
Kanji
卯
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Compounds
- 卯建 (udatsu)
- 卯波 (unami), 卯浪 (unami)
- 卯の花 (unohana)
- 卯酒 (bōshu)
- 卯酉線 (bōyūsen)
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Proper noun
- the Rabbit, the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches
Derived terms
- 卯月 (uzuki)
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 卯 (mæwX).
Pronunciation
Proper noun
Korean
Hanja
卯 (eumhun 넷째 지지 묘 (netjjae jiji myo))
- hanja form? of 묘 (“fourth Earthly Branch”)
Vietnamese
Han character
卯: Hán Nôm readings: mão, mẫu, méo, Mẹo, mẻo
- chữ Hán form of Mão (“fourth of the twelve earthly branches”)
Compounds
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