申

See also: 田 [U+7530 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7530], 甲 [U+7532 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7532], 由 [U+7531 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7531], and 𢑚 [U+2245A CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2245A]

申 U+7533, 申 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7533 ← 甲 [U+7532] CJK Unified Ideographs 甴 → [U+7534]

Text style	Emoji style
🈸︎	🈸️
Text style is forced with ⟨︎⟩ and emoji style with ⟨️⟩.
🈸 U+1F238, 🈸 SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7533 ← 🈷 [U+1F237] Enclosed Ideographic Supplement 🈹 → [U+1F239]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

See images of
Radical 102 申

申 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中田中 (LWL), four-corner 5000₆, composition ⿻日丨 or ⿻囗十)

Derived characters

• 伸 坤 神 紳 (绅) 𣁱 审

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 758, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21726
• Dae Jaweon: page 1168, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2526, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7533

Chinese

simp. and trad.		申
alternative forms		𢑚 𦥔 伸 “to extend; to stretch; to state; to explain” 𤰶 𠭙 𢑚 𦥔 伸 “to extend; to stretch; to state; to explain” 𤰶 𠭙 𦦀 𠭜

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 申
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
電	*l'iːns
胂	*l̥ʰin, *hlin
申	*hlin
伸	*hlin
呻	*hlin
紳	*hlin
眒	*hlin, *hlins
柛	*hlin
訷	*hlin
抻	*hlins
神	*hlin
朄	*lins

Pictogram (象形) — a bolt of lightning. Original character of 電 (OC *l'iːns, “lightning”) and 神 (OC *hlin, “god; deity; spirit”).

Etymology

“to extend; to state; to request; to announce; again”

From 引 (OC *linʔ, *lins, “to pull; to draw”) + devoicing causative or iterative (Schuessler, 2007).

9th earthly branch

From sense "to extend", denoting the moon's "extending" phase, i.e. waxing half-moon with a concave edge (Smith, 2010).

For its association with the monkey, compare Proto-Tai *liːŋᴬ (“monkey”), Proto-Hmong *ʔlinᴬ (“monkey”), and Proto-Mien *ʔbiŋᴬ (“monkey”).

“Shanghai”

From 春申江 (Chūnshēnjiāng), an alternative name of 黃浦江／黄浦江 (Huángpǔjiāng), the largest river in Shanghai.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shēn (shen¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sen¹

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): san¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): sin¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): siin¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂n

  (Hailu, HRS): shin^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xin¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): seng¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): sĭng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sin / chhun

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sing¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹sen
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shen¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shen
    • Wade–Giles: shên¹
    • Yale: shēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
    • Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: sen¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sen
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: san¹
    • Yale: sān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: sin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sin³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: siin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɨn⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂n
    • Hakka Romanization System: siin^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨn²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: shin^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃin⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ɕin⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: seng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /səŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin / chhun
    • Tâi-lô: sin / tshun
    • Phofsit Daibuun: syn, zhwn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sin⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³/, /t͡sʰun³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sin⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

Note:

• sin - literary;
• chhun - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sing¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹sen
    • MiniDict: sen^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: shen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂən³³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sən³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: syin

Rime
Character	申
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	失人切
Baxter	syin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕin/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕin/
Li Rong	/ɕiĕn/
Wang Li	/ɕĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥i[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hlin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	申
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēn
Middle Chinese	‹ syin ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥i[n]/
English	9th earthly branch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	申
Reading #	1/1
No.	11235
Phonetic component	申
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	申
Old Chinese	/*hlin/
Notes	甲金文象閃電， 後轉註爲電字

Definitions

申

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 電／电 (diàn, “lightning”).
2. to extend; to stretch
3. to state; to explain

   三令五申  ―  sānlìngwǔshēn  ―  to repeat and reaffirm the commands multiple times

4. to request; to report
5. to announce; to express
6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) again; repeatedly

   申命記／申命记  ―  Shēnmìngjì  ―  Book of Deuteronomy (lit. book of reaffirmation of laws)

7. ninth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
   1. monkey of the Chinese zodiac
   2. 3 to 5 p.m.
   3. seventh month of the Chinese calendar
8. (～國) Shen (vassal state during the Zhou dynasty)
9. Alternative name for 上海 (Shànghǎi, “Shanghai”).
10. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 神 (“deity”)
11. a surname

Coordinate terms

• (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子 (zǐ), 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午, 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌 (xū), 亥 (hài) ^{(Category: zh:Chinese earthly branches)}

Compounds

• 三令五申 (sānlìngwǔshēn)
• 伊留申
• 守庚申
• 引申 (yǐnshēn)
• 引申義 / 引申义 (yǐnshēnyì)
• 按鈴申告 / 按铃申告
• 擊鼓申冤 / 击鼓申冤
• 昭冤申枉
• 春申君
• 春申江 (Chūnshēnjiāng)
• 熊經鳥申 / 熊经鸟申
• 生申令日
• 申令 (shēnlìng)
• 申冤 (shēnyuān)
• 申叔
• 申告 (shēngào)
• 申報 / 申报 (shēnbào)
• 申奏 (shēnzòu)
• 申屠 (Shēntú)
• 申救
• 申文 (shēnwén)
• 申斥 (shēnchì)
• 申旦
• 申旦達夕 / 申旦达夕
• 申明 (shēnmíng)
• 申時 / 申时 (shēnshí)
• 申浦
• 申狀 / 申状
• 申理
• 申申
• 甲申之役
• 申覆
• 申解
• 申討 / 申讨 (shēntǎo)
• 申訴 / 申诉 (shēnsù)
• 申詳 / 申详
• 申誡 / 申诫
• 申說 / 申说 (shēnshuō)
• 申論 / 申论 (shēnlùn)
• 申請 / 申请 (shēnqǐng)
• 申請書 / 申请书 (shēnqǐngshū)
• 申謝 / 申谢
• 申辦 / 申办 (shēnbàn)
• 申辯 / 申辩 (shēnbiàn)
• 申述 (shēnshù)
• 申重
• 申雪 (shēnxuě)
• 申韓 / 申韩
• 申領 / 申领 (shēnlǐng)
• 申飭 / 申饬
• 重申 (chóngshēn)
• 露申

References

• “申”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–