怨恨

Chinese

		blame; complain	to hate; regret
trad. (怨恨)		怨	恨
simp. #(怨恨)		怨	恨

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuànhèn

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˋ ㄏㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun³ han⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yen-hen / yan-hen
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oàn-hūn / oàn-hīn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuànhèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˋ ㄏㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuànhèn
    • Wade–Giles: yüan⁴-hên⁴
    • Yale: ywàn-hèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuannhenn
    • Palladius: юаньхэнь (juanʹxɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyun³ han⁶
    • Yale: yun hahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn³ han⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun³ hen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn³³ hɐn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yen-hen
    • Hakka Romanization System: ien hen
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yan⁴ hen⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯en⁵⁵ hen⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yan-hen
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian hen
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yan⁴ hen⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an⁵⁵ hen⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oàn-hūn
    • Tâi-lô: uàn-hūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oarnhun
    • IPA (Xiamen): /uan²¹⁻⁵³ hun²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²¹⁻⁴¹ hun³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /uan¹¹⁻⁵³ hun³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /uan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hun⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oàn-hīn
    • Tâi-lô: uàn-hīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oarnhin
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan²¹⁻⁵³ hin²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²¹⁻⁴¹ hin³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /uan¹¹⁻⁵³ hin³³/

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• Middle Chinese: 'jwonH honH

Rime
Character	怨	恨
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	元 (66)	痕 (53)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	於願切	胡艮切
Baxter	'jwonH	honH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉɐnH/	/ɦənH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷiɐnH/	/ɦənH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuɐnH/	/ɣənH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuanH/	/ɦənH/
Li Rong	/ʔiuɐnH/	/ɣənH/
Wang Li	/ĭwɐnH/	/ɣənH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯wɐnH/	/ɣənH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuàn	hèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun3	han6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]o[r]-s  [m-q]ˤə[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qons  ɡɯːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	怨	恨
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuàn	hèn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjwonH ›	‹ honH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ]o[r]-s/	/*[m-q]ˁə[n]-s/
English	resentment	regret
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怨	恨
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	16305	3938
Phonetic component	夗	艮
Rime group	元	文
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	怨	恨
Old Chinese	/*qons/	/*ɡɯːns/

Noun

怨恨

1. hatred; enmity; resentment; grudge

Synonyms

edit

• 仇怨 (chóuyuàn)
• 仇恨 (chóuhèn)
• 冤 (yuān) (literary, or in compounds)
• 冤仇 (yuānchóu)
• 嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
• 敵意 / 敌意 (díyì)
• 梁子 (niang² zi³) (Sichuanese)

Verb

怨恨

1. to hate; to resent
2. to have a grudge against someone

Synonyms

• (to hate):

edit

• 仇恨 (chóuhèn)
• 作嘔 / 作呕 (zuò'ǒu) (figurative)
• 厭恨 / 厌恨 (yànhèn)
• 厭惡 / 厌恶 (yànwù)
• 唾棄 / 唾弃 (tuòqì)
• 嫌惡 / 嫌恶 (xiánwù)
• 嫌憎 (xiánzēng)
• 恨怒 (hènnù) (literary)
• 恚恨 (huìhèn) (literary)
• 惡嫌 / 恶嫌 (wùxián) (literary)
• 悵恨 / 怅恨 (chànghèn) (literary, to be disappointed and resentful)
• 慍恚 / 愠恚 (yùnhuì) (literary)
• 憤恨 / 愤恨 (fènhèn)
• 憎恨 (zēnghèn)
• 憎惡 / 憎恶
• 憤慨 / 愤慨 (fènkǎi)
• 憤毒 / 愤毒 (fèndú) (literary)
• 煩惡 / 烦恶 (fánwù)
• 痛恨 (tònghèn)
• 討厭 / 讨厌 (tǎoyàn)
• 鄙棄 / 鄙弃 (bǐqì)

Dialectal synonyms of 恨 (“to hate”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		怨
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		恨, 憎恨, 嫌惡, 怨恨
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	恨
	Taiwan	恨
	Malaysia	恨
	Singapore	恨
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	恨
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	恨
	Ürümqi	恨
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	恨
	Wuhan	恨, 懥怨
	Liuzhou	恨
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	恨
	Hefei	恨
Cantonese	Guangzhou	憎, 嬲
	Hong Kong	憎
	Dongguan	憎
	Yangjiang	嬲
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	憎
	Singapore (Guangfu)	憎
Gan	Nanchang	恨
Hakka	Meixian	恨
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	恨
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	恨
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	恨
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	恨
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	恨
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	恨
Jin	Taiyuan	恨
	Xinzhou	恨
Northern Min	Jian'ou	恨
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	恨
Southern Min	Xiamen	恨, 猌
	Zhangzhou	猌
	Tainan	恨, 猌
	Penang (Hokkien)	猌, 惱
	Singapore (Hokkien)	猌
	Chaozhou	恨
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	恨
Wu	Suzhou	恨
	Wenzhou	恨
Xiang	Changsha	恨
	Shuangfeng	馮, 恨

• (to have a grudge): (Hokkien) 怨慼／怨戚

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (怨恨):

• → Japanese: 怨恨(えんこん) (enkon)
• → Korean: 원한(怨恨) (wonhan)

See also

• 怨艾 (yuànyì)
• 不滿／不满 (bùmǎn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
怨	恨
えん Grade: S	こん Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) えんこん [èńkóń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ŋkõ̞ɴ]

Noun

怨(えん)恨(こん) • (enkon) ^{←ゑんこん (wenkon)?}

1. enmity, grudge

See also

• Appendix:Gikun_Usage_in_Meiji_Version_of_Japanese_Bible/怨恨

References

• “怨恨”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Hanja in this term
怨	恨

Noun

怨恨 • (wonhan) (hangeul 원한)

1. hanja form^? of 원한 (“grudge; rancour”)