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欠
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
欠 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓人 (NO), four-corner 27802, composition ⿱⺈人)
- Kangxi radical #76, ⽋.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 565, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15991
- Dae Jaweon: page 953, character 35
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2133, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6B20
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Pictogram (象形) – a kneeling person with mouth open for various reasons (e.g., begging 欠, speaking and/or spitting while speaking 次, blowing 吹, singing 歌, desiring 欲, being tired 軟, vomiting 歐...).
The reversed version of this character is 㒫 > 旡 (e.g. 既), which must not be confused with 无.
Similar but unrelated to 卩, in which the person kneeling has the mouth shut.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qian4
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): qiān
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): qiēn
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чян (či͡an, III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): him3
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): hin3
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): him1
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): him3
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): him3
- Gan (Wiktionary): qien3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): qie3
- Northern Min (KCR): ki̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): kiéng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kieng4
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): him3
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): qienn4
- (Loudi, Wiktionary): qinn4
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): qien4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qiàn
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciàn
- Wade–Giles: chʻien4
- Yale: chyàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
- Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: qian4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kian
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: qiān
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiã⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: qiēn
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): qien4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiẽ⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чян (či͡an, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiæ̃⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: him3
- Yale: him
- Cantonese Pinyin: him3
- Guangdong Romanization: him3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiːm³³/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: hin3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hin³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: him1
- Sinological IPA (key): /him³³/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: him3
- Sinological IPA (key): /him²⁴/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: qien3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiam
- Hakka Romanization System: kiam
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiam4
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯am⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: kiamˇ
- Sinological IPA: /kʰiam¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: qie3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰie⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ki̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kiéng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiɛŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kieng4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kia̍ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiɛŋ⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- kiam3 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping;
- kiêm3 - Chaozhou;
- kiang3 - Chenghai.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: him3
- Sinological IPA (key): /him⁵⁵/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: qienn4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ẽ⁴⁵/
- (Loudi)
- Wiktionary: qinn4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰĩ³⁵/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: qien4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³²⁴/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: khjaemH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰ(r)om-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoms/
Definitions
欠
- to lack; to be deficient
- to owe
- to ask for; to beg for
- 欠揍 ― qiànzòu ― asking for a beating
- (Mandarin) to yawn
- (Mandarin) to raise slightly (a part of the body)
- (Mandarin, dialectal) to be fidgety and bungling
- (Wuhan Mandarin) to miss somebody
- (Leizhou Min, Hainanese) must; to have to
Synonyms
- (to lack):
- 不夠 / 不够 (bùgòu)
- 不敷 (bùfū) (literary)
- 不滿 / 不满 (bùmǎn)
- 不足 (bùzú)
- 乏達 / 乏达 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 匱乏 / 匮乏 (kuìfá)
- 欠缺 (qiànquē)
- 短少 (duǎnshǎo)
- 短缺 (duǎnquē)
- 絕乏 / 绝乏 (juéfá) (literary)
- 缺乏 (quēfá)
- 缺如 (quērú) (literary)
- 缺少 (quēshǎo)
- 缺欠 (quēqiàn)
- 缺缺 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 虧 / 亏 (kuī)
- 貧 / 贫 (pín) (literary, or in compounds)
- 闕乏 / 阙乏 (quēfá) (literary)
- 闕如 / 阙如 (quērú) (literary)
- (to owe):
Compounds
- 七拖八欠
- 下欠
- 兩不相欠 / 两不相欠 (liǎngbùxiāngqiàn)
- 只欠東風 / 只欠东风
- 呵欠 (hēqiàn)
- 呵欠連天 / 呵欠连天
- 哈欠 (hāqiàn)
- 嘴欠 (zuǐqiàn)
- 外欠
- 官欠
- 尾欠
- 懸欠 / 悬欠
- 手欠 (shǒuqiàn)
- 打呵欠 (dǎ hēqiàn)
- 打哈欠 (dǎ hāqian)
- 拖欠 (tuōqiàn)
- 掛欠 / 挂欠
- 撇欠
- 欠事
- 欠伸 (qiànshēn)
- 欠佳 (qiànjiā)
- 欠債 / 欠债 (qiànzhài)
- 欠債還錢 / 欠债还钱
- 欠奉
- 欠契
- 欠好
- 欠妥 (qiàntuǒ)
- 欠安 (qiàn'ān)
- 欠少
- 欠情
- 欠打 (qiàndǎ)
- 欠揍 (qiànzòu)
- 欠據 / 欠据 (qiànjù)
- 欠收
- 欠格 (qiàngé, “abessive case”)
- 欠條 / 欠条 (qiàntiáo)
- 欠款 (qiànkuǎn)
- 欠火
- 欠當 / 欠当
- 欠租
- 欠稅 / 欠税
- 欠繳 / 欠缴
- 欠缺 (qiànquē)
- 欠薪 (qiànxīn)
- 欠資 / 欠资 (qiànzī)
- 欠資郵票 / 欠资邮票
- 欠身 (qiànshēn)
- 短欠
- 積欠 / 积欠
- 索欠
- 缺欠 (quēqiàn)
- 落虧欠 / 落亏欠
- 虧欠 / 亏欠 (kuīqiàn)
- 賒欠 / 赊欠 (shēqiàn)
- 風欠 / 风欠
References
- “欠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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Japanese
Kanji
欠
Readings
Compounds
- 欠伸 (akubi, “yawn”)
Kanji
| 欠 | |
| 缺 |
欠
(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 缺)
- lack, shortage
- to be absent
- vacancy
Readings
Usage notes
Compounds
Etymology
| For pronunciation and definitions of 欠 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 欠, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
Hanja
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
欠: Hán Nôm readings: khiếm
Compounds
- 欠缺 (khiếm khuyết)
- 欠聽 (khiếm thính)
- 欠視 (khiếm thị)
- 欠雅 (khiếm nhã)
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