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燕
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 鷰
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Translingual
Han character
燕 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿中心火 (TLPF), four-corner 44331, composition ⿳廿⿴北口灬)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 683, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19429
- Dae Jaweon: page 1095, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2239, character 6
- Unihan data for U+71D5
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Pictogram (象形) – a swallow.
Etymology 1
Possibly related to 鳦 (OC *qriːd, *qrid) (Wang, 1982). Some have connected it with 咽 (OC *qiːns, “to swallow”), but it is unlikely to be related (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ien3 / ien4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ie3
- Northern Min (KCR): i̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): iéng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): eng4
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5i
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): ienn4
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): ien4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
- Wade–Giles: yen4
- Yale: yàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jin3 / jin3-2
- Yale: yin / yín
- Cantonese Pinyin: jin3 / jin3-2
- Guangdong Romanization: yin3 / yin3-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːn³³/, /jiːn³³⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- jin3 - “swallow”;
- jin3-2 - “shuttlecock”.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yen4 / yen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jen²¹/, /jen³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- yen4 - “swallow”;
- yen1 - “shuttlecock”.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ien3 / ien4
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɛn²¹³/, /iɛn³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yen
- Hakka Romanization System: ien
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan4
- Sinological IPA: /i̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yan
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan4
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: rhanˇ
- Sinological IPA: /ʒan¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Changting)
- Changting Pinyin: ying4
- Sinological IPA: /iŋ⁵⁴/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ie3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: i̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iéng
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɛŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou, Youyang)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: eng4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: e̍ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɛŋ⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou, Youyang)
- Southern Min
- ìⁿ - vernacular;
- iàn - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: in3 / iang3 / iêng3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ìⁿ / iàng / ièng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ĩ²¹³/, /iaŋ²¹³/, /ieŋ²¹³/
- (Teochew)
- in3 - vernacular;
- iang3/iêng3 - literary (iêng3 - Chaozhou).
Note:
Note:
Note:
- Middle Chinese: 'enH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤe[n]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qeːns/
Definitions
燕
- swallow (family Hirundinidae) or swift (family Apodidae)
- (dialectal) shuttlecock used in jianzi
- Alternative form: 毽
Usage notes
To distinguish the two families of birds, swifts are also called 雨燕 (yǔyàn).
Synonyms
Compounds
- 五雀六燕
- 伯勞飛燕 / 伯劳飞燕
- 兔絲燕麥 / 兔丝燕麦
- 勞燕分飛 / 劳燕分飞 (láoyànfēnfēi)
- 土燕
- 堂間處燕 / 堂间处燕
- 夜燕
- 官燕
- 家燕 (jiāyàn)
- 幕上燕巢
- 幕燕鼎魚 / 幕燕鼎鱼
- 平山冷燕
- 怡堂燕雀
- 新婚燕爾 / 新婚燕尔 (xīnhūnyàn'ěr)
- 歌鶯舞燕 / 歌莺舞燕
- 毛燕
- 池魚堂燕 / 池鱼堂燕
- 海燕 (hǎiyàn)
- 溫鰲妝燕 / 温鳌妆燕
- 燕丸
- 燕侶 / 燕侣
- 燕侶鶯儔 / 燕侣莺俦
- 燕儔鶯侶 / 燕俦莺侣
- 燕入他家
- 燕几
- 燕出
- 燕剪
- 燕勞 / 燕劳
- 燕啄皇孫 / 燕啄皇孙
- 燕喜
- 燕坐
- 燕女
- 燕好
- 燕妒鶯慚 / 燕妒莺惭
- 燕婉
- 燕子 (yànzi)
- 燕子樓 / 燕子楼
- 燕子磯 / 燕子矶
- 燕子箋 / 燕子笺
- 燕子銜食 / 燕子衔食
- 燕安
- 燕安鴆毒 / 燕安鸩毒
- 燕尾 (yànwěi)
- 燕尾服 (yànwěifú)
- 燕居
- 燕巢 (yàncháo)
- 燕巢幕上
- 燕巢於幕 / 燕巢于幕
- 燕朋
- 燕服
- 燕樂 / 燕乐 (yànyuè)
- 燕樂考源 / 燕乐考源
- 燕毛
- 燕燕
- 燕燕于飛
- 燕爾 / 燕尔
- 燕爾新婚 / 燕尔新婚 (yàn'ěrxīnhūn)
- 燕瘦環肥 / 燕瘦环肥
- 燕皮 (yànpí)
- 燕禮 / 燕礼
- 燕私
- 燕窩 / 燕窝 (yànwō)
- 燕約鶯期 / 燕约莺期
- 燕翼
- 燕翼詒謀 / 燕翼诒谋
- 燕舞鶯啼 / 燕舞莺啼
- 燕菜 (yàncài)
- 燕衎
- 燕語 / 燕语
- 燕語鶯呼 / 燕语莺呼
- 燕語鶯啼 / 燕语莺啼
- 燕語鶯聲 / 燕语莺声
- 燕賀 / 燕贺
- 燕足繫書 / 燕足系书
- 燕足繫詩 / 燕足系诗
- 燕遊 / 燕游
- 燕鑒 / 燕鉴
- 燕雀 (yànquè)
- 燕雀伍
- 燕雀相賀 / 燕雀相贺
- 燕雀處堂 / 燕雀处堂
- 燕雀處屋 / 燕雀处屋
- 燕雁代飛 / 燕雁代飞
- 燕頷虎頸 / 燕颔虎颈
- 燕頷虎頭 / 燕颔虎头
- 燕頷虎鬚 / 燕颔虎须 (yànhànhǔxū)
- 燕飲 / 燕饮
- 燕鴴 / 燕鸻
- 燕鷗 / 燕鸥
- 燕麥 / 燕麦 (yànmài)
- 燕麥片 / 燕麦片 (yànmàipiàn)
- 玉燕投懷 / 玉燕投怀
- 環肥燕瘦 / 环肥燕瘦
- 白腰雨燕
- 石燕
- 紫燕
- 舊燕歸巢 / 旧燕归巢
- 舞燕歌鶯 / 舞燕歌莺
- 虎頭燕頷 / 虎头燕颔
- 蠶頭燕尾 / 蚕头燕尾
- 貽燕 / 贻燕
- 踏燕奔馬 / 踏燕奔马
- 踹燕 (chuàiyàn)
- 身輕如燕 / 身轻如燕 (shēnqīngrúyàn)
- 酺燕
- 金絲燕 / 金丝燕
- 釜魚幕燕 / 釜鱼幕燕
- 閒燕 / 闲燕
- 雛燕 / 雏燕
- 雙飛燕 / 双飞燕
- 雨燕 (yǔyàn)
- 飛燕 / 飞燕 (fēiyàn)
- 飛燕外傳 / 飞燕外传
- 飛燕游龍 / 飞燕游龙
- 鵜燕 / 鹈燕 (tíyàn)
- 鶯儔燕侶 / 莺俦燕侣
- 鶯啼燕語 / 莺啼燕语
- 鶯歌燕舞 / 莺歌燕舞 (yīnggēyànwǔ)
- 鶯燕 / 莺燕
- 鶯聲燕語 / 莺声燕语
- 鶯鶯燕燕 / 莺莺燕燕
- 鷹抓燕雀 / 鹰抓燕雀
Descendants
- → Proto-Tai: *ʔeːnᴮ
- Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ʔɛːnᴮ
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jin1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yen / yan
- Eastern Min (BUC): iĕng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Yān
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Yan
- Wade–Giles: Yen1
- Yale: Yān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ian
- Palladius: Янь (Janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jin1
- Yale: yīn
- Cantonese Pinyin: jin1
- Guangdong Romanization: yin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yen
- Hakka Romanization System: ien
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan4
- Sinological IPA: /i̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yan
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan4
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an⁵⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ieŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- iang1 - Shantou;
- iêng3 - Chaozhou.
- Middle Chinese: 'en
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*qeːn/
Definitions
燕
- (historical) Yan, an ancient march, duchy, and kingdom of northeastern China during the Zhou dynasty
- (historical) the four Yan kingdoms of the Sixteen Kingdoms
- northern Hebei
- a surname
Compounds
Descendants
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
- Wade–Giles: yen4
- Yale: yàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jin3
- Yale: yin
- Cantonese Pinyin: jin3
- Guangdong Romanization: yin3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: 'enH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤe[n]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qeːns/
Definitions
燕
References
- 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “燕”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 771.
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