竇

See also: 窦

竇 U+7AC7, 竇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AC7 ← 竆 [U+7AC6] CJK Unified Ideographs 竈 → [U+7AC8]

Translingual

Han character

竇 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 十金土田金 (JCGWC), four-corner 3080₆, composition ⿱穴賣(GTK) or ⿱穴𧶠(HJ))

Derived characters

• 𡔍, 𧮡

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 869, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25695
• Dae Jaweon: page 1298, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2745, character 12
• Unihan data for U+7AC7

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 竇
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (𧶠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
竇	*l'oːɡs
續	*ljoɡs, *ljoɡ
覿	*l'juːɡ
黷	*l'oːɡ
讟	*l'oːɡ
殰	*l'oːɡ
讀	*l'oːɡ
櫝	*l'oːɡ
牘	*l'oːɡ
儥	*l'oːɡ
贕	*l'oːɡ
皾	*l'oːɡ
瓄	*l'oːɡ
瀆	*l'oːɡ
豄	*l'oːɡ
韇	*l'oːɡ
嬻	*l'oːɡ
犢	*l'oːɡ
匵	*l'oːɡ
藚	*ljoɡ
襩	*ɦljoɡ
贖	*ɦljoɡ
𧶠	*luɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'oːɡs): semantic 穴 (“hole”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ)

Etymology 1

trad.		竇
simp.		窦
alternative forms		𥥷

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dòu (dou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dau⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): eu⁵

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tiō / tō͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dou⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dòu
    • Wade–Giles: tou⁴
    • Yale: dòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dow
    • Palladius: доу (dou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dau⁶
    • Yale: dauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: deo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐu̯²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: eu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /eu³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiō
    • Tâi-lô: tiō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dioi
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tio⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
    • Tâi-lô: tōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: do
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dou⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŏu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: duwH

Rime
Character	竇
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	田候切
Baxter	duwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dəuH/
Pan Wuyun	/dəuH/
Shao Rongfen	/dəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwH/
Li Rong	/duH/
Wang Li	/dəuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dau6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤok-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'oːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	竇
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dòu
Middle Chinese	‹ duwH ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁok-s/
English	hole; drain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	竇
Reading #	1/1
No.	16033
Phonetic component	𧶠
Rime group	竇
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*l'oːɡs/

Definitions

竇

1. hole; burrow
2. (anatomy) cavity; sinus
3. a surname

   • 竇燕山，有義方；教五子，名俱揚。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     窦燕山，有义方；教五子，名俱扬。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Three Character Classic, circa 13^th century CE

     Dòu Yānshān, yǒu yìfāng; jiào wǔ zǐ, míng jù yáng. [Pinyin]

     Dou of the Yan Mountains had the right method. He taught five sons, each of whom raised the family reputation.

Etymology 2

trad.		竇
simp.		窦
alternative forms		藪／薮 Hakka

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to Southern Kam dous (“nest”)?”

Pronunciation

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dau³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): eu⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): teu

  (Hailu, HRS): deu^ˇ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): dêu⁴

• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): dao³

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dau³
    • Yale: dau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: deo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐu̯³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: eu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /eu²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: teu
    • Hakka Romanization System: deu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: deu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /teu̯⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: deu^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /teu¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: dêu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /teu⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dao³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tàu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau²¹³/

Definitions

竇

1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) nest; den

   老鼠竇／老鼠窦 [Cantonese]  ―  lou⁵ syu² dau³ [Jyutping]  ―  rat's nest

   雀竇／雀窦 [Cantonese]  ―  zoek³ dau³ [Jyutping]  ―  bird's nest

   • 1883, Adele Marion Fielde, “巢”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 527:

     客鳥巢／客鸟巢 [Teochew]  ―  kêh⁴ ziou² dao³ [Peng'im]  ―  a magpie's nest

2. (Cantonese, Hakka, colloquial) home
3. (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, colloquial) hideout
   • 1883, Adele Marion Fielde, “巢”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 527:

     打破伊個賊巢 [Teochew, trad.]
     打破伊个贼巢 [Teochew, simp.]

     pah⁴ pua³ i¹ gai⁵ cag⁸ dao³ [Peng'im]

     destroy a retreat of robbers

4. (Cantonese) Classifier for groups of diminutive animals or humans: nest

   一竇老鼠／一窦老鼠 [Cantonese]  ―  jat¹ dau³ lou⁵ syu² [Jyutping]  ―  a nest of rats

   一竇細路哥／一窦细路哥 [Cantonese]  ―  jat¹ dau³ sai³ lou² go¹ [Jyutping]  ―  a group of children

See also

• 巢 (cháo)

Compounds

• 上頜竇 / 上颌窦 (shànghédòu)
• 圭竇 / 圭窦
• 弊竇 / 弊窦
• 情竇 / 情窦
• 情竇初開 / 情窦初开
• 狗竇 / 狗窦 (gǒudòu)
• 狗竇大開 / 狗窦大开
• 由竇尚書 / 由窦尚书
• 疑竇 / 疑窦 (yídòu)
• 竇太后
• 竇娥冤 / 窦娥冤
• 竇房結 / 窦房结 (dòufángjié)
• 篩竇 / 筛窦 (shāidòu)
• 篳門圭竇 / 筚门圭窦
• 篳門閨竇 / 筚门闺窦 (bìménguīdòu)
• 蓽門圭竇 / 荜门圭窦
• 蝶竇 / 蝶窦 (diédòu)
• 閉門塞竇 / 闭门塞窦
• 頸動脈竇 / 颈动脉窦 (jǐngdòngmàidòu)
• 額竇 / 额窦 (édòu)
• 鼻竇 / 鼻窦 (bídòu)
• 鼻竇炎 / 鼻窦炎 (bídòuyán)

Japanese

Kanji

竇

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): とう (tō)、とく (toku)
• Kun: あな (ana)

Korean

Hanja

竇 (eum 두 (du))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

竇: Hán Nôm readings: đậu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation