臨 - Wikiwand

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 臨, Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) ...

Historical forms of the character 臨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (品) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
臨	b·rɯm, b·rɯms
瀶	*b·rɯm
品	*pʰrɯmʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *b·rɯm, *b·rɯms): semantic 臣 (“eye”) + semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 品 (OC *pʰrɯmʔ, “objects”) – a person looking down at some objects.

Alternatively analyzed as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *b·rɯm, *b·rɯms): semantic 臥 + phonetic 品 (OC *pʰrɯmʔ).

Etymology 1

More information trad., simp. ...

trad.	臨
simp.	临
alternative forms	𦣲𦣷瀶 ancient

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): lín (lin²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nin²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лин (lin, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): lam⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lìm

(Meixian, Guangdong): lim²
Jin (Wiktionary): ling¹
Eastern Min (BUC): lìng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lîm / liâm / lêm

(Teochew, Peng'im): lim⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶lin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lín
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lín
  - Wade–Giles: lin²
  - Yale: lín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lin
  - Palladius: линь (linʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nin²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nin²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лин (lin, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lam⁴
  - Yale: làhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lìm
  - Hakka Romanization System: lim^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lim²
  - Sinological IPA: /lim¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: lim²
  - Sinological IPA: /lim¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ling¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /liŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃iŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîm
  - Tâi-lô: lîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liim
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /lim²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lim¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lim²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâm
  - Tâi-lô: liâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liaam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /liam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liam¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liam²³/
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêm
  - Tâi-lô: lêm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leem
  - IPA (Hui'an): /lem²⁴/

Note:

lîm - literary;
liâm - vernacular (limited, e.g. 臨邊, 臨捷).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lim⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lîm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lim⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶lin
  - MiniDict: lin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lin²³/

Middle Chinese: lim

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	臨
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力尋切
Baxter	lim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/lim/
Shao Rongfen	/ljem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lim/
Li Rong	/liəm/
Wang Li	/lĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*(p.)rum/

(Zhengzhang): /*b·rɯm/

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lín
Middle Chinese	‹ lim ›
Old Chinese	/*(p.)rum/
English	look down at
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臨
Reading #	1/2
No.	9801
Phonetic component	品
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	林
Old Chinese	/*b·rɯm/

Definitions

臨

to overlook; to look over; to look down at
to come down; to descend
to arrive
to face; to border; to be adjacent to
to be faced with; to be confronted by
just before; approaching; about to
to copy; to trace
(historical) a type of siege engine
19th hexagram of the I Ching
a surname

Compounds

事到臨頭 / 事到临头
五福臨門 / 五福临门 (wǔfúlínmén)
來臨 / 来临 (láilín)
俯臨 / 俯临
光臨 / 光临 (guānglín)
兵臨城下 / 兵临城下 (bīnglínchéngxià)
到臨 / 到临
唐臨晉帖 / 唐临晋帖
單格臨書 / 单格临书
大禍臨頭 / 大祸临头
大難臨頭 / 大难临头 (dànànlíntóu)
大駕光臨 / 大驾光临
如履如臨 / 如履如临
如臨大敵 / 如临大敌 (rúlíndàdí)
如臨深淵 / 如临深渊 (rúlínshēnyuān)
如臨深谷 / 如临深谷
如臨淵谷 / 如临渊谷
將臨期 / 将临期 (jiānglínqī)
對臨 / 对临
屆臨 / 届临
居高臨下 / 居高临下 (jūgāolínxià)
履薄臨深 / 履薄临深
恩臨 / 恩临
惠臨 / 惠临
意臨 / 意临
握圖臨宇 / 握图临宇
揮翰臨池 / 挥翰临池
死臨侵 / 死临侵
瀕臨 / 濒临 (bīnlín)
照臨 / 照临 (zhàolín)
犬牙相臨 / 犬牙相临
玉樹臨風 / 玉树临风 (yùshùlínfēng)
登山臨水 / 登山临水
登臨 / 登临 (dēnglín)
盛氣臨人 / 盛气临人
監臨 / 监临
監臨自盜 / 监临自盗
禍到臨頭 / 祸到临头
移臨 / 移临
背臨 / 背临
臨了 / 临了 (línliǎo)
臨事以懼 / 临事以惧
臨事而懼 / 临事而惧
臨人 / 临人
臨凡 / 临凡
臨刑 / 临刑 (línxíng)
臨別 / 临别 (línbié)
臨別依依 / 临别依依
臨制 / 临制
臨到 / 临到 (líndào)
臨危 / 临危 (línwēi)
臨危下石 / 临危下石
臨危不亂 / 临危不乱 (línwēibùluàn)
臨危不懼 / 临危不惧
臨危不撓 / 临危不挠
臨危不顧 / 临危不顾
臨危受命 / 临危受命 (línwēishòumìng)
臨危履冰 / 临危履冰
臨危授命 / 临危授命 (línwēishòumìng)
臨危效命 / 临危效命
臨危自悔 / 临危自悔
臨危自省 / 临危自省
臨危自計 / 临危自计
臨危致命 / 临危致命
臨去秋波 / 临去秋波
臨問 / 临问
臨噎掘井 / 临噎掘井
臨場 / 临场 (línchǎng)
臨場感 / 临场感 (línchǎnggǎn)
臨寂 / 临寂
臨寢 / 临寝
臨寫 / 临写
臨屯 / 临屯 (Líntún)
臨崖勒馬 / 临崖勒马
臨川羨魚 / 临川羡鱼
臨帖 / 临帖 (líntiè)
臨年 / 临年
臨幸 / 临幸 (línxìng)
臨床 / 临床 (línchuáng)
臨床實驗 / 临床实验
臨床經驗 / 临床经验
臨床醫學 / 临床医学 (línchuáng yīxué)
臨急抱佛腳 / 临急抱佛脚 (línjí bào fójiǎo)
臨感 / 临感
臨摹 / 临摹 (línmó)
臨摹本 / 临摹本
臨政 / 临政
臨敵賣陣 / 临敌卖阵
臨文 / 临文
臨文不諱 / 临文不讳
臨時 / 临时 (línshí)
臨時動議 / 临时动议
臨時工 / 临时工 (línshígōng)
臨時政府 / 临时政府
臨時會 / 临时会
臨時條款 / 临时条款
臨書 / 临书
臨月 / 临月 (línyuè)
臨期 / 临期 (línqī)
臨朝 / 临朝 (líncháo)
臨期失誤 / 临期失误
臨本 / 临本 (línběn)
臨榆縣 / 临榆县
臨榻 / 临榻
臨機 / 临机
臨機制勝 / 临机制胜
臨機制變 / 临机制变
臨機應變 / 临机应变
臨機處置 / 临机处置
臨檢 / 临检
臨歧 / 临歧 (línqí)
臨死 / 临死 (línsǐ)
臨死不怯 / 临死不怯
臨死不恐 / 临死不恐 (línsǐbùkǒng)
臨水夫人 / 临水夫人
臨水登山 / 临水登山
臨江 / 临江 (Línjiāng)
臨池 / 临池
臨池學書 / 临池学书
臨江折軸 / 临江折轴
臨江驛 / 临江驿
臨沂 / 临沂 (Línyí)
臨河羨魚 / 临河羡鱼
臨深履冰 / 临深履冰
臨深履薄 / 临深履薄 (línshēnlǚbó)
臨淵履薄 / 临渊履薄
臨淵結網 / 临渊结网
臨淵羨魚 / 临渊羡鱼 (línyuānxiànyú)
臨渴掘井 / 临渴掘井 (línkějuéjǐng)
臨渴穿井 / 临渴穿井
臨滄 / 临沧 (Líncāng)
臨潼鬥寶 / 临潼斗宝
臨濟宗 / 临济宗
臨照 / 临照
臨界 / 临界 (línjiè)
臨界線 / 临界线
臨界點 / 临界点 (línjièdiǎn)
臨畫 / 临画
臨盆 / 临盆 (línpén)
臨眺 / 临眺
臨睡 / 临睡 (línshuì)
臨終 / 临终 (línzhōng)
臨終關懷 / 临终关怀 (línzhōng guānhuái)
臨蓐 / 临蓐 (línrù)
臨行 / 临行 (línxíng)
臨街 / 临街 (línjiē)
臨衝 / 临冲
臨財 / 临财
臨財不苟 / 临财不苟
臨財苟得 / 临财苟得
臨走 / 临走 (línzǒu)
臨軍對壘 / 临军对垒
臨軍對陣 / 临军对阵
臨軒 / 临轩
臨近 / 临近 (línjìn)
臨逼 / 临逼
臨邛縣 / 临邛县
臨門 / 临门 (línmén)
臨門一腳 / 临门一脚 (línményījiǎo)
臨陣 / 临阵 (línzhèn)
臨陣磨槍 / 临阵磨枪 (línzhènmóqiāng)
臨陣脫逃 / 临阵脱逃 (línzhèntuōtáo)
臨雍
臨難 / 临难 (línnàn)
臨難不屈 / 临难不屈
臨難不恐 / 临难不恐 (línnànbùkǒng)
臨難不懾 / 临难不慑
臨難不懼 / 临难不惧 (línnànbùjù)
臨難不避 / 临难不避
臨難無懾 / 临难无慑
臨難苟免 / 临难苟免 (línnàngǒumiǎn)
臨難鑄兵 / 临难铸兵
臨頭 / 临头 (líntóu)
臨風 / 临风
臨風對月 / 临风对月
臨風搖曳 / 临风摇曳
臨風顧盼 / 临风顾盼
臨食廢箸 / 临食废箸
蒞臨 / 莅临 (lìlín)
親臨 / 亲临 (qīnlín)
賁臨 / 贲临 (bìlín)
賵臨 / 赗临
身臨其境 / 身临其境 (shēnlínqíjìng)
軍臨城下 / 军临城下
迫臨 / 迫临 (pòlín)
逼臨 / 逼临
闔第光臨 / 阖第光临
降臨 / 降临 (jiànglín)
雙喜臨門 / 双喜临门 (shuāngxǐlínmén)
面臨 / 面临 (miànlín)
馬端臨 / 马端临
駕臨 / 驾临 (jiàlín)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lìn (lin⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lam⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lìn
  - Wade–Giles: lin⁴
  - Yale: lìn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linn
  - Palladius: линь (linʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lam⁶
  - Yale: lahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lem⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐm²²/

Middle Chinese: limH

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	臨
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	良鴆切
Baxter	limH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lim^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ljem^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lim^H/
Li Rong	/liəm^H/
Wang Li	/lĭĕm^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯əm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lam⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*b·rɯms/

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臨
Reading #	2/2
No.	9803
Phonetic component	品
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	臨
Old Chinese	/*b·rɯms/

Definitions

臨

(obsolete) to mourn for a deceased person; to wail in lamentation of a death
- 吳子壽夢卒，臨於周廟。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  吴子寿梦卒，临于周庙。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Wú zǐ Shòumèng zú, lìn yú Zhōu miào. [Pinyin]
  Viscount Shoumeng of Wu died. He was mourned at the shrine of (King Wen of) Zhou.

Compounds

哀臨 / 哀临
哭臨 / 哭临

Etymology 2

More information trad., simp. ...

trad.	臨
simp.	临
alternative forms	凜／凛斂／敛

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lím

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lím
  - Tâi-lô: lím
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liem
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lim⁴¹/

Definitions

臨 (Hokkien)

close (to an edge)
to approach; to get close to; to be almost

Compounds

臨墘 / 临墘
臨肥 / 临肥
臨臨仔 / 临临仔

臨

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

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