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夢
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Alternative forms
Note that in Taiwan and Hong Kong, the character is written with 卝 on top instead of 艹, as found in the Kangxi dictionary. Traditionally, the character is listed under the radical 夕 (sunset). However, in simplified Chinese and Japanese dictionaries, the character may be listed under the radical 艹 (grass) as the 卝 (crown/hairstyle) component has been simplified to 艹.
Han character
夢 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿田中弓 (TWLN), four-corner 44207, composition ⿳𦭝冖夕(GJKV) or ⿱⿳卝罒冖夕(HT))
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 247, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5801
- Dae Jaweon: page 492, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 864, character 19
- Unihan data for U+5922
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Chinese
Glyph origin
In the Oracle bone script, a pictogram (象形) or ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) – a person (人) lying on a bed (爿), sometimes with restless hands (compare the oracle-bone character for 丮) and sometimes with the eye (目) emphasized.
In the Bronze inscriptions, the eye (目) has eyebrows above it (compare 眉), and the person's body is attached underneath, now written as two dots on either side. The bed is no longer present, and instead 夕 (“moon; night”) has been added.
In the modern form 夢, the eyebrows are written 卝, the eyes are written 罒, and the person's body has become 冖, while 夕 remains on the bottom.
According to Shuowen, it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs): phonetic 瞢 (OC *mɯːŋ, *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs) + semantic 夕.
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(s/r)-ma(ŋ/k) (“dream”); compare Tibetan རྨང་ལམ (rmang lam, “dream”), Chepang माङः (“dream”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *s-makᴴ ~ *s-maŋ¹ (“dream”), Mizo mang (“dream”), Japhug tɯ-jmŋo (“dream”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mong4
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): mēng
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): mēn
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мын (mɨn, III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mung6
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): mung3
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): muung5
- Gan (Wiktionary): mung5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): meng3
- Northern Min (KCR): mōng
- Eastern Min (BUC): máe̤ng / móng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mang4 / morng4
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): mung6
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6maon / 6mon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mong5 / mong4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: mèng
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mèng
- Wade–Giles: mêng4
- Yale: mèng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: menq
- Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: mong4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mung
- Sinological IPA (key): /moŋ²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: mēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /məŋ⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: mēn
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): men4
- Sinological IPA (key): /mə̃⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мын (mɨn, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /məŋ⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mung6
- Yale: muhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: mung6
- Guangdong Romanization: mung6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mʊŋ²²/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: mung3
- Sinological IPA (key): /mʊŋ³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: muung5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐbɵŋ³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: mung5
- Sinological IPA (key): /muŋ¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mung
- Hakka Romanization System: mung
- Hagfa Pinyim: mung4
- Sinological IPA: /muŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: mung˖
- Sinological IPA: /muŋ³³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: meng3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /məŋ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mōng
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɔŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: máe̤ng / móng
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɔyŋ²¹³/, /mouŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- máe̤ng - vernacular;
- móng - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: mang4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ma̍ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /maŋ⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: morng4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mo̤̍ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɒŋ⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- mang4 - vernacular;
- morng4 - literary.
- bāng - vernacular;
- bōng - literary.
- mang1 - vernacular;
- mong7 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: mung6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mʊŋ²²/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Shanghai:
- 6maon - vernacular;
- 6mon - literary.
Note:
Note:
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: mjuwngH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.məŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mɯŋs/
Definitions
夢
- dream (Classifier: 場/场 m c mn; 個/个 m c mn)
- 美夢/美梦 ― měimèng ― good dream
- 夢魘/梦魇 ― mèngyǎn ― nightmare
- 做夢/做梦 ― zuòmèng ― to dream
- 發夢/发梦 [Cantonese] ― faat3 mung6 [Jyutping] ― to dream
- 我尋晚發咗個夢,係關於你嘅。喺夢裡面我見到你同我一齊健身。 [Cantonese, trad.]
- ngo5 cam4 maan5 faat3 zo2 go3 mung6, hai6 gwaan1 jyu1 nei5 ge3. hai2 mung6 leoi5 min6 ngo5 gin3 dou3-2 nei5 tung4 ngo5 jat1 cai4 gin6 san1. [Jyutping]
- This morning I had a dream about you. In the dream, I saw you working out with me.
我寻晚发咗个梦,系关于你嘅。喺梦里面我见到你同我一齐健身。 [Cantonese, simp.]
- 其民不食不衣而多眠,五旬一覺,以夢中所為者實,覺之所見者妄。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Liezi, 1st – 5th century CE
- Qí mín bù shí bù yì ér duōmián, wǔ xún yī jué, yǐ mèng zhōng suǒwéi zhě shí, jué zhī suǒjiàn zhě wàng. [Pinyin]
- Its people do not eat or wear clothing, sleep a lot, and awaken every fifty days. They think what they do in dreams are real, and what they see while awake illusory.
其民不食不衣而多眠,五旬一觉,以梦中所为者实,觉之所见者妄。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- to dream; to have dreams
- 晝則呻呼而即事,夜則昏憊而熟寐。精神荒散,昔昔夢為國君。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Liezi, 1st – 5th century CE
- Zhòu zé shēnhū ér jíshì, yè zé hūnbèi ér shúmèi. Jīngshén huāngsǎn, xīxī mèng wéi guójūn. [Pinyin]
- By day he moans and pants at his labour, and by night, exhausted, he descends into fast slumber. As his mind drifts away, each night he dreams of becoming a monarch.
昼则呻呼而即事,夜则昏惫而熟寐。精神荒散,昔昔梦为国君。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- (figurative) dream; aspiration; ambition; goal
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
- 一場春夢 / 一场春梦
- 一夜無夢 / 一夜无梦
- 三刀夢 / 三刀梦
- 久夢初醒 / 久梦初醒
- 人生如夢 / 人生如梦 (rénshēngrúmèng)
- 付之春夢 / 付之春梦
- 作夢 / 作梦 (zuòmèng)
- 作白日夢 / 作白日梦
- 做夢 / 做梦 (zuòmèng)
- 做春夢 / 做春梦
- 入夢 / 入梦 (rùmèng)
- 北夢瑣言 / 北梦琐言
- 南柯一夢 / 南柯一梦 (nánkēyīmèng)
- 南柯夢 / 南柯梦
- 占夢
- 召夢 / 召梦
- 同夢 / 同梦
- 同床各夢 / 同床各梦
- 同床異夢 / 同床异梦 (tóngchuángyìmèng)
- 啞子做夢 / 哑子做梦
- 啞子得夢 / 哑子得梦
- 啞子托夢 / 哑子托梦
- 噩夢 / 噩梦 (èmèng)
- 圓夢 / 圆梦 (yuánmèng)
- 報夢 / 报梦 (bàomèng)
- 夜長夢多 / 夜长梦多 (yèchángmèngduō)
- 夢事 / 梦事
- 夢兆 / 梦兆 (mèngzhào)
- 夢兆熊羆 / 梦兆熊罴
- 夢勞魂想 / 梦劳魂想
- 夢吐白鳳 / 梦吐白凤
- 夢周公 / 梦周公
- 夢囈 / 梦呓 (mèngyì)
- 夢境 / 梦境 (mèngjìng)
- 夢寐 / 梦寐 (mèngmèi)
- 夢寐以求 / 梦寐以求 (mèngmèiyǐqiú)
- 夢幻 / 梦幻 (mènghuàn)
- 夢幻劇 / 梦幻剧
- 夢幻泡影 / 梦幻泡影
- 夢往神遊 / 梦往神游
- 夢想 / 梦想 (mèngxiǎng)
- 夢想成真 / 梦想成真 (mèngxiǎngchéngzhēn)
- 夢撒 / 梦撒
- 夢撒撩丁 / 梦撒撩丁
- 夢斷魂勞 / 梦断魂劳
- 夢斷魂消 / 梦断魂消
- 夢斷黃粱 / 梦断黄粱
- 夢溪筆談 / 梦溪笔谈 (Mèng Xī Bǐtán)
- 夢熊 / 梦熊
- 夢熊之喜 / 梦熊之喜
- 夢筆 / 梦笔
- 夢筆生花 / 梦笔生花 (mèngbǐshēnghuā)
- 夢粱錄 / 梦粱录
- 夢羆 / 梦罴
- 夢華 / 梦华
- 夢蘭 / 梦兰 (mènglán)
- 夢蘭叶吉 / 梦兰叶吉
- 夢虺 / 梦虺
- 夢蛇 / 梦蛇
- 夢蝶 / 梦蝶 (mèngdié)
- 夢行症 / 梦行症
- 夢裡蝴蝶 / 梦里蝴蝶
- 夢見 / 梦见 (mèngjiàn)
- 夢覺黃粱 / 梦觉黄粱
- 夢話 / 梦话 (mènghuà)
- 夢遊 / 梦游 (mèngyóu)
- 夢遊症 / 梦游症 (mèngyóuzhèng)
- 夢遺 / 梦遗 (mèngyí)
- 夢鄉 / 梦乡 (mèngxiāng)
- 夢雲 / 梦云
- 夢魂 / 梦魂 (mènghún)
- 夢魂顛倒 / 梦魂颠倒
- 夢魘 / 梦魇 (mèngyǎn)
- 大夢 / 大梦 (dàmèng)
- 大夢初醒 / 大梦初醒
- 好夢 / 好梦 (hǎomèng)
- 如夢令 / 如梦令
- 如夢似幻 / 如梦似幻
- 如夢初覺 / 如梦初觉
- 如夢初醒 / 如梦初醒 (rúmèngchūxǐng)
- 如夢如醉 / 如梦如醉
- 如夢方醒 / 如梦方醒 (rúmèngfāngxǐng)
- 好夢難圓 / 好梦难圆
- 好夢難成 / 好梦难成
- 如痴如夢 / 如痴如梦
- 如醉如夢 / 如醉如梦
- 寤夢 / 寤梦
- 巫山之夢 / 巫山之梦
- 席夢思 / 席梦思 (xímèngsī)
- 幻夢 / 幻梦 (huànmèng)
- 幻夢成空 / 幻梦成空
- 幽夢影 / 幽梦影
- 惡夢 / 恶梦 (èmèng)
- 戰地春夢 / 战地春梦
- 打夢 / 打梦
- 托夢 / 托梦 (tuōmèng)
- 揚州夢 / 扬州梦
- 擾人清夢 / 扰人清梦 (rǎorénqīngmèng)
- 春夢 / 春梦 (chūnmèng)
- 春夢一場 / 春梦一场
- 春夢婆 / 春梦婆
- 春夢無痕 / 春梦无痕
- 春秋大夢 / 春秋大梦 (chūnqiūdàmèng)
- 更長夢短 / 更长梦短
- 江淹夢筆 / 江淹梦笔
- 江淹夢錦 / 江淹梦锦
- 浮生若夢 / 浮生若梦 (fúshēngruòmèng)
- 清明夢 / 清明梦 (qīngmíngmèng)
- 清醒夢 / 清醒梦 (qīngxǐngmèng)
- 淘金夢 / 淘金梦
- 游園驚夢 / 游园惊梦
- 濕夢 / 湿梦
- 炊臼之夢 / 炊臼之梦
- 熊羆入夢 / 熊罴入梦
- 燕姞夢蘭 / 燕姞梦兰
- 生桑之夢 / 生桑之梦
- 異夢離心 / 异梦离心
- 痴人說夢 / 痴人说梦 (chīrénshuōmèng)
- 發夢 / 发梦 (fāmèng)
- 白日夢 / 白日梦 (báirìmèng)
- 眠思夢想 / 眠思梦想
- 睡夢 / 睡梦 (shuìmèng)
- 筆夢生花 / 笔梦生花
- 紅塵客夢 / 红尘客梦
- 紅樓夢 / 红楼梦 (Hónglóumèng)
- 羅含夢鳥 / 罗含梦鸟
- 羅浮夢 / 罗浮梦
- 美國夢 / 美国梦 (Měiguómèng)
- 美夢 / 美梦 (měimèng)
- 美夢成真 / 美梦成真 (měimèngchéngzhēn)
- 美夢難圓 / 美梦难圆
- 耿夢 / 耿梦
- 胡蝶夢 / 胡蝶梦 (húdiémèng)
- 至人無夢 / 至人无梦
- 舊夢重溫 / 旧梦重温 (jiùmèngchóngwēn)
- 茵夢湖 / 茵梦湖
- 莊周夢蝶 / 庄周梦蝶 (zhuāngzhōumèngdié)
- 華胥之夢 / 华胥之梦
- 蔣夢麟 / 蒋梦麟
- 蕉鹿夢 / 蕉鹿梦
- 蘭夢 / 兰梦
- 虺蛇入夢 / 虺蛇入梦
- 蝶夢 / 蝶梦
- 蝴蝶夢 / 蝴蝶梦 (húdiémèng)
- 蟻夢 / 蚁梦
- 解夢 / 解梦 (jiěmèng)
- 觭夢 / 觭梦
- 託夢 / 托梦 (tuōmèng)
- 詳夢 / 详梦
- 說夢 / 说梦
- 說夢話 / 说梦话 (shuō mènghuà)
- 迷夢 / 迷梦 (mímèng)
- 遺精夢泄 / 遗精梦泄
- 邯鄲一夢 / 邯郸一梦
- 邯鄲之夢 / 邯郸之梦
- 邯鄲夢 / 邯郸梦
- 酣夢 / 酣梦 (hānmèng)
- 醉生夢死 / 醉生梦死 (zuìshēngmèngsǐ)
- 重溫舊夢 / 重温旧梦 (chóngwēnjiùmèng)
- 鈞天夢 / 钧天梦
- 長役夢魂 / 长役梦魂
- 陶庵夢憶 / 陶庵梦忆
- 陽臺春夢 / 阳台春梦
- 雲夢 / 云梦 (Yúnmèng)
- 雲夢大澤 / 云梦大泽
- 雲夢縣 / 云梦县
- 飛熊入夢 / 飞熊入梦
- 馮夢龍 / 冯梦龙
- 魂牽夢縈 / 魂牵梦萦 (húnqiān-mèngyíng)
- 黃粱一夢 / 黄粱一梦 (huángliángyīmèng)
- 黃粱夢 / 黄粱梦 (huángliángmèng)
Descendants
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: méng
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: méng
- Wade–Giles: mêng2
- Yale: méng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meng
- Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɤŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mung4
- Yale: mùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: mung4
- Guangdong Romanization: mung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /mʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: mjuwng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*mɯŋ/
Definitions
夢
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) muddled
- 民今方殆,視天夢夢。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Mín jīn fāng dài, shì tiān méngméng. [Pinyin]
- The people now amidst their perils,
Look to Heaven, all dark.
民今方殆,视天梦梦。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
- 夢夢 / 梦梦
- 夢夢查查 / 梦梦查查
- 夢夢銃銃 / 梦梦铳铳
References
- “夢”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “梦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 155.
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